by Lam Wai Pui. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 146-170.

by Tim-tak Kwok. / Bibliography: leaves 157-171 / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1982

Kwan Suet-ming. / Bibliography: leaves 75-94 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

Leung Siu Wai. / Bibliography: leaves 135-150 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

by Chung-Pui Cheng. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 142-163.

by Lui Chi Pang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-281). / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abbreviations --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of contents --- p.vii / Introduction / Review of Literature --- p.2 / Chapter I. --- Cellular response of hyperthermia --- p.3 / Chapter A) --- Effects on macromolecules synthesis --- p.3 / Chapter B) --- Effects on glycolysis and respiration --- p.5 / Chapter C) --- "Effects on plasma membrane, intracellular ionic level and intracellular pH" --- p.6 / Chapter II. --- Physical aspects --- p.11 / Chapter A) --- Survival curves --- p.11 / Chapter B) --- Concept of thermal dose --- p.13 / Chapter III. --- Clinical thermal theraphy --- p.21 / Chapter A) --- Hyperthermia in vivo --- p.21 / Chapter B) --- Combination of hyperthermia and radiotheraphy --- p.29 / Chapter C) --- Combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy --- p.37 / Chapter IV. --- Thermotolerance --- p.48 / Scope of study --- p.54 / Materials and Methods / Chapter I. --- Cytotoxicity tests of cells in vitro --- p.59 / Chapter II. --- Whole body hyperthermia on Ehrlich ascite tumour (EAT)-bearing mice --- p.63 / Chapter III. --- Combination of hyperthermia and drugs --- p.66 / Chapter IV. --- Measurement of intracellular pH --- p.68 / Chapter V. --- Assay for sialic acids in the plasma membrane --- p.72 / Chapter VI. --- Assays of nucleolar proteins --- p.76 / Chapter VII. --- Acetylation of nuclear proteins --- p.80 / Chapter VIII. --- Detection of 72-kD heat shock protein --- p.93 / Results and Discussion / Chapter I. --- Cytotoxicity of hyperthermia in vitro --- p.102 / Chapter II. --- Hyperthermia on EAT cells in vivo --- p.131 / Chapter III. --- Cytotoxicity of combination of hyperthermia and drugs --- p.148 / Chapter IV. --- Intracellular pH changes during hyperthermia --- p.162 / Chapter V. --- Modification of sialic acid level in plasma membrane --- p.180 / Chapter VI. --- Conformational changes of nucleolar proteins --- p.193 / Chapter VII. --- Hyperthermic effect on acetylation of nuclear proteins --- p.209 / Chapter VIII. --- Induction of 72-kD heat shock protein --- p.223 / General Discussion / Chapter A. --- Hyperthermic cytotoxicity --- p.249 / Chapter B. --- Effects on plasma membrane and control of intracellular pH --- p.253 / Chapter C. --- Effects on the nuclear proteins --- p.256 / Chapter D. --- Conclusion --- p.263 / Bibliography --- p.264

by Au Kwong Keung. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-227). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Neste trabalho foram pesquisados os efeitos in vitro da metaloproteinase jararagina, em modelo de células de tumores de mama humana MCF7, T47D e murina (Tumor de Ehrlich), além de células normais, avaliando-se a viabilidade celular, morfologia, modificações nas fases do ciclo celular e tipo de morte celular; como os efeitos no modelo murino nas formas ascítica e sólido-ortotópica de Ehrlich. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a jararagina diminui significativamente a viabilidade e adesão de maneira dose dependente, formação de agregados e estruturas tipo esferoides com formação túbulo-acinar. Os parâmetros antitumorais in vivo, não mostraram diminuição no volume tumoral ascítico, entretanto, no modelo ortotópico, a jararagina induz resposta inflamatória e remodelação da matriz extracelular e resulta em alterações na distribuição e organização do colágeno. Conclui-se que a jararagina induz citotoxicidade nas linhagens de células tumorais de mama e normais, e foi capaz de induzir infiltrado inflamatório durante o crescimento e disseminação das células tumorais. / The present study investigated the in vitro effects of metalloproteinase jararhagin in human breast tumor cells model MCF7 and T47D, murine tumor cells (Ehrlich\'s tumor), and normal cells, assessing cell viability, morphological alterations, changes in the cell cycle phases and death cell, as the effects on ascitic and solid orthotopic murin Ehrlich tumor. The results showed that jararhagin significantly decreases adhesion and cell viability in a dose dependent, with cells aggregates and spheroids with tubulo-acinar formation. The in vivo parameters showed no decrease in ascites tumor volume, however, the orthotopic model, jararhagin induces the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix remodeling with changes in the collagen distribution and organization. It is concluded that jararhagin induces cytotoxicity in breast tumor and normal cell lines, and was able to induce inflammatory infiltrate during the growth and dissemination of tumor cells.

As raízes de Pfaffia paniculata têm sido popularmente utilizadas com vários propósitos, assim como adjuvante na terapia contra o câncer. Recentemente demonstramos que as raízes pulverizadas de Pfaffia paniculata causam uma atenuação do crescimento do tumor de Ehrlich em sua forma ascítica. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram caracterizar os efeitos do extrato etanólico, resíduos aquoso ou butanólico de Pfaffia paniculata sobre o desenvolvimento do tumor de Ehrlich, assim como investigar seus possíveis mecanismos. Em um primeiro experimento, foi demonstrado que camundongos machos Swiss, portadores do tumor de Ehrlich ascítico, tratados com resíduo aquoso ou butanólico, apresentaram uma maior sobrevida em relação aos animais controle. Nos experimentos com o tumor na forma sólida ou ascítica, os animais receberam, diariamente, o resíduo butanólico por 16 dias (experimento com o tumor sólido) ou 15 dias (experimento com o tumor ascítico). No 8º dia de tratamento, foram inoculados com 2,5 x 106 células tumorais, no coxim plantar esquerdo, ou com 5,0 x 106 células tumorais, Intraperitonealmente. O tumor ascítico foi avaliado, 7 dias após a inoculação do tumor, pela quantificação do volume de fluído ascítico, concentração de células tumorais e número total de células tumorais. O tumor sólido foi avaliado pela mensuração diária das patas e pela morfometria da área de necrose em meio à massa tumoral em cortes corados por HE, e proliferação celular, por imunoistoquímica, 8 dias após a inoculação do tumor. Nesses experimentos, nenhum destes parâmetros avaliados apresentaram alterações nos camundongos tratados com este resíduo. A fim de se avaliar a toxicidade do resíduo butanólico, os animais foram tratados com este resíduo por 14 dias. Os animais tratados com este resíduo apresentaram uma discreta diminuição de ganho de peso. Não houve evidências de toxicidade hepática e renal, pela mensuração das atividades de enzimas indicativas de necrose e pelo exame histopatológico de figado e rim, onde não se observou necrose. Em outro experimento, alguns parâmetros da atividade macrofágica, 24 após a inoculação do tumor, foram avaliados, por citometria de fluxo. Os animais receberam o resíduo butanólico por 7 dias, e foram inoculados com 5 x 106 células tumorais, intraperitonealmente. O burst oxidativo ativado por Staphylococcus aureus foi menor em animais tratados com o resíduo, porém não foram observadas diferenças ma fagocitose e burst oxidativo espontâneo ou ativado por PMA. Por fim, estudos in vitro foram realizados. Os efeitos deste resíduo sobre a viabilidade, medido pelo ensaio do MTT, e sobre o ciclo celular, utilizando citometria de fluxo, de células do tumor de Ehrlich foram avaliados. As maiores concentrações do resíduo levaram a uma diminuição da viabilidade e um aumento de morte celular. Assim, o tratamento com este resíduo, in vivo, causou uma atenuação do desenvolvimento tumoral, provavelmente devido a uma diminuição na formação do fluído ascítico ou a morte celular. Os efeitos deste resíduo foram mais pronunciados em cultura celular. / The roots of Pfaffia paniculata have been popularly used for various purposes, as well as an adjuvant for cancer therapy. Recently we have shown that the powdered roots of Pfaffia paniculata promote an attenuation of the Ehrlich tumor growth in its ascitic form. The aims of the present study were to characterize the effects of the ethanolic extract, aqueous or butanolic residues of Pfaffia paniculata on Ehrlich tumor development in mice, as well as investigate its possible mechanisms. In a first experiment, it was shown that aqueous or butanolic residues-treated Swiss mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor presented a higher survival time than control animal. In the experiments with the tumor in its solid or ascitic forms, the animals were given, daily, the butanolic residue for 16 days (experiment with solid tumor) or 15 days (experiment with ascitic tumor). On the 8o day of treatment, they were inoculated with 2,5 x 106 tumor cells, on the left footpad, or with 5 x 106 tumor cells, intraperitoneally. The ascitic tumor was evaluated, 7 days after the inoculation of the tumor, by the quantification of the volume of the ascitic fluid, concentration of tumor cells and total number of tumor cells. The solid tumor was evaluated by the daily measurement of the footpads and morphometry of the necrosis within the tumor area on HE stained slices, and cell proliferation by immunohistochemistry, 8 days after the inoculation of the tumor. In these experiments, none of these parameters showed any alterations in mice treated with the residue. In order to evaluate the toxicity of butanolic residue, the animals were treated with this residue (200mg/Kg) for 14 days. The animals treated with the residue showed a discrete decrease on weight gain. There were no evidences of hepatic and renal toxicity, by measurement of enzymes activities of necrosis, and also lack of necrosis by histopathological analysis of liver and kidney. In another experiment, some parameters of macrofagic activity, 24 hours after the inoculation of tumor, were evalueted, by flow citometry. The animals received the butanolic residue for 7 days and then were inoculated with 5 x 106 tumor cells, intraperitoneally. The oxidative burst activated by Staphylococcus aureus was reduced on animals treated with the residue, but no differences on fagocytosis and spontaneous or oxidative burst esimulated by PMA were found. Finally, in vitro studies were performed. The effects of this residue on the cell viability, measured by the MTT assay, and on the cell cycle, by flow cytometry, in Ehrlich tumor cells were evaluated. The highest concentrations of the residue caused a decrease of the cell viability and an increase of death cell. Thus, the treatment with this residue, in vivo, caused an attenuation of the tumor development, likely due to a decrease in the ascitic fluid formation or cell death. The effects of this residue on cell death were more pronounced in cultured cells. These results point to a novel agent for the cancer therapy, but further studies must be performed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these effects.

A eletroquimioterapia (EQT) é uma modalidade de tratamento recente que se baseia na associação de quimioterápicos potencializados pela eletroporação. Possui indicação para neoplasias sólidas de origens histológicas distintas, apresentando baixa morbidade e elevada eficiência. A ação da EQT ocorre em múltiplos sítios, tanto envolvendo a quebra da molécula de DNA, quanto exercendo efeito sobre a vasculatura tumoral. No presente estudo buscou-se maior compreensão dos eventos vasculares, avaliando-se qualitativamente e quantitativamente, com auxílio de marcação imunológica, com fator VIII e VEGF-A, a vascularização do tumor de Ehrlich implantado na forma sólida em camundongos, não tratados e submetidos à EQT com bleomicina, após sete dias de tratamento. No intuito de melhor elucidar os fenômenos vasculares, também foi investigado o efeito do resveratrol associado à EQT. O resveratrol, presente em vegetais como as uvas, possui efeitos de inibição do HIF1-α, reconhecida proteina que estimula a angiogênese em condições de hipoxia tumoral. Os animais submetidos à quimioterapia com bleomicina não apresentaram redução de volume tumoral, ao contrário dos que sofreram EQT com o mesmo fármaco. Evidenciou-se maior densidade microvascular tumoral em animais tratados com quimioterapia, quando comparados aos não tratados e aos submetidos à EQT. O tratamento com resveratrol diminuiu a expressão de VEGF-A e obteve efeito mais pronunciado quando associado à EQT com bleomicina. Através dos fenômenos pesquisados pôde-se evidenciar que a EQT com bleomicina foi efetiva na redução do volume do tumor de Ehrlich e que houve redução da atividade proliferativa assim como da densidade microvascular tumoral. Também observou-se que o resveratrol, ainda mais quando associado à EQT com bleomicina, reduz a proliferação tumoral e a expressão de VEGF-A / The electrochemotherapy (EQT) is a new treatment modality based on the association of chemotherapy potentiated by electroporation. Has indication for solid neoplasms of histological distinct origins, presenting low morbidity and high efficiency. The action of the EQT occurs in multiple sites, both involving the breakage of the DNA molecule, as having an effect on the tumor vasculature. The present study aimed at better understanding of vascular events, evaluating qualitatively and quantitatively, using immune labeling, with factor VIII and VEGF-A, the vascularization of the Ehrlich tumor implanted in solid form in mice, untreated and submitted to EQT with bleomycin, after seven days of treatment. In order to better elucidate the vascular phenomena, was also investigated the effect of resveratrol associated with EQT. The resveratrol present in plants such as grapes, has inhibitory effects of HIF1-α, a protein that is recognized to stimulates angiogenesis in tumor hypoxia. The animals submitted to chemotherapy with bleomycin showed no reduction of tumor volume, unlike those who suffered EQT with the same drug. It was evidenced increased microvessel density tumor in animals treated with chemotherapy, when compared to untreated and those submitted to EQT. The treatment with resveratrol decreased the expression of VEGF-A and obtained effect was more pronounced when associated to the EQT with bleomycin. This research can prove that the EQT with bleomycin was effective in reducing the volume of Ehrlich tumor and that there was a reduction of proliferative activity as well as of microvascular density tumor. Also it was observed that the resveratrol, even more when associated with EQT with bleomycin, reduces the tumor proliferation and the expression of VEGF-A