Diplomová práce se zabývá vývojem toků přímých zahraničních investic ve světové ekonomice a analýzou prvků, kterými jsou tyto toky nejvíce ovlivněny. Analyzuje rovněž kladné a záporné efekty přímých zahraničních investic na hostitelské a domácí ekonomiky. Předmětem rozboru je rovněž proexportní politika domácích států a aktivní podpora přílivu PZI v hostitelských ekonomikách. Jako příklad této podpory jsou rozebrány investiční pobídky, jejich přínosy a negativa. Konkrétní ukázka vstupu PZI na trh je v práci dokumentována smlouvou o založení Joint-Venture podniku.

The thesis deals with economical changes in the Slovak Republic since the breakup of the Iron Curtain to the adoption of the common European currency in 2009. There are discussed social and economic reforms, which significantly contributed to meet the nominal convergence criteria. In the practical part are monitored various macroeconomic indicators, which are helpful to find the right way of Slovakia. Slovakia has a better economic situation after euro adoption. The thesis also watching the situation in the Czech Republic and evaluating whether the Czech Republic should adopt the euro or not.

The aim of diploma thesis is to determine influence of selected factors on eco-nomic openness in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic between 2006 and 2015. The main determinants are conceived in relation to states with which the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic trade the most. In addition, the impact of the financial crisis is included in all models. The economics of the Slovak Republic has been considerably influenced by its accession to the Eurozone. This fact is taken into consideration in the assessment of the degree of the economics' openness compared to the economics of the Czech Republic, which monetary policy remains autonomous. Based on the results of regressions, the recommendations are suggested for the state's economic policy.

The first chapter explains the basic geopolitical factors of the Czech Republic and Hungary. The economic progress of both countries during the socialism period will be discussed in the second chapter. The transformation of Hungary and the Czech Republic from the centreally planned economy to the trade economy will be the focus of the third and fourth chapter. After joining the European Union in 2004, both countries have experienced many changes in the bilateral trade in regards to each other, which will be the topic for the following chapters. Both the Pre-EU- as well as the Post-EU periods will be examined in these passages, followed by an analysis of the Mutual Trade Services since 2004. The last element of this project will describe the most significant projects and investments between Czech Republic and Hungary and the organisations supporting the mutual development of business and cultural relations.

This dissertation argues that financial cycles are different for advanced economies and emerging countries. The main underlying reason is the different financial development that makes for instability in emeging markets which is pronounced by more intensive and amplified financial cycle. As such, even the policy implications are different.

Entrepreneurship is often perceived as a crucial component of economic growth and social development. Studies into entrepreneurship inform policy design, thus the diverse understanding of entrepreneurship among scholars can create confusion in policy design. The current state of the field of entrepreneurial research is examined in order to identify the need for a universal definition of entrepreneurship. After a synthesis and analysis of prior research is conducted to identify the various links in perspectives, a new definition and framework is suggested. The resulting framework sees entrepreneurship as an autocatalytic process of creation of meaning and the consequent retention of said meaning in the structure of a new venture. The elements of this framework (autocatalytic process, creation of meaning, and retention in structure) can be assigned varying degrees of importance corresponding to differing perspectives, while simultaneously ensuring the presence of each element. The developed framework can be used to better inform the decisions of scholars and policy makers, due to the uncovering of the complex relationships between society, individuals and firms.

The Russian market represents big opportunities for Czech exporters in the near and distant future. Czech companies have gained a lot of comparative advantages in the past periode: language simillarities, trade connections, cooperation of producing companies, good knowledge of local regional specifities etc. There are large scale of opportunities in traditional and new industry, glass and wooden industry, petrol and gas companies. It is necessary to know specific conditions and risks of the Russian market. To be competitive it requests not only to export but to account with capital participation. Objectives and Hypothesis of the dissertation: Basic goals: Analysis of the business climate in Russia as the result of the transformation process from centrally directed to market system and democracy. Evaluation of changes in the competitive position of Czech exporters and investors on Russian market. There are various measures and tools of the improvement of the competitiveness of Czech exports on the Russian market. As the member of the EU the Czech republic participates on all trade agreements valid in the trade relations between EU and Russia, first of all it is Partnership and Cooperation Agreement inclusive MFN regime (the Most Favoured Nation Clause). Czech exporters have a lot of strong points in the return to Russian market. There are also certain weaknesses, a lot of opportunities but also threatens. The Czech institutions which provide effective and complex credit and insurance support for Czech exporters are: Czech Export Bank and Export Guarantee and Insurance Company.

Práce se zabývá problematikou dobývání renty. Konkrétně vymezuje teoretická východiska dobývání renty a analyzuje jednotlivé způsoby ovlivňování vládních představitelů, převážně lobbying a korupci. Odpovídá na otázku, v čem spočívají neefektivnosti při ovlivňování vládních představitelů zájmovými skupinami a jak je možné tyto činnosti eliminovat nebo minimalizovat jejich negativní dopad na společnost. Analytická část práce vymezuje hlavní příčiny odlišných měr korupce v České republice a na Slovensku na počátku 90. let a porovnává úspěšnost provádění antikorupčních politik v těchto zemích.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the financial performance of SMEs in the Czech and Slovak Republic in the years 2003-2012. Slovak economy is from all EU Member States historically and structurally most similar to the Czech one. The year 2004 was crucial for both countries and also characteristic because of accession to the European Union. Both countries before 2009 had been using their own currency, but Slovakia separated from this direction and joined the euro area. This period is associated with unpleasant events in the world and therefore the economic crisis. The Czech Republic has committed to join the European Union to become a part of the Eurozone. The regression analysis used in empirical part of thesis provides the results of impact of the crisis on SMEs, especially for two observed countries to be able to compare development in the Czech Republic with the development of Slovakia, who entered this period with a common European currency.

This thesis deals with the changes in gender wage differences in transition economies. The aim is to assess the effect of changes economic system on gender wage differences in seven countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which have undergone a change of economic system at the turn of the 80s and 90s of the 20th century. Four Western European countries are used as a control group. The data used in this thesis are ISSP data, which are part of the International Social Survey Programme. The research is based on calculations of hourly wage rates of men and women in each country. Other parts of the thesis are wage regressions to assess differences in pay between men and women.The analyzes suggest that the change of the economic system in the transition countries don't have a major impact on reducing the wage gap between men and women.