Thèse--Faculté des sciences de Paris, 1900. / Includes bibliographical references.

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M.Sc. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The acoustic radiation force, as seen in apparati such as acoustic levitators, continues to find applications in materials science, manufacturing, and medical fields. One example of the utilization of an acoustic levitator is measuring the progress of clotting blood droplets. One of the largest advantages of using acoustic levitation is that the process is a minimal contact method. In some biological and chemical processes, surface contact can corrupt measurements, and acoustic levitation avoids these issues by using the acoustic radiation force to contain and manipulate the blood drop. The deformation of Newtonian liquid droplets via acoustic levitation has been well studied. In that case, the shape of the droplet is governed by the surface tension and shape curvature (Young-Laplace equilibrium). The quasi-static deformation of elastic droplets in acoustic levitators, however, has not yet been investigated. In this thesis, we explore the application of acoustic levitation to the characterization of the deformation of soft elastic droplets. This thesis consists of three main efforts. To start, the history of the acoustic radiation force and its applications are discussed. Next, a generalized theory for the acoustic radiation pressure acting on droplets of sizes similar to the acoustic wavelength is presented. We model the droplet as an incompressible, isotropic, linear elastic solid undergoing small deformations, under the conditions that the deformation is axisymmetric, with a purely radial traction condition, where the traction condition is derived from the acoustic radiation pressure. The quasi-static displacement and stress within the droplet is then solved for utilizing two potentials developed by Love (1926). We conclude by testing the validity of the theory by measuring the deformation and location of soft alginate gel spheres with known material properties in an acoustic levitator.

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This dissertation analyzes the sources of price dispersion due to the price discrimination in the U.S. airline industry. Using the multi-stage budgeting approach with the almost ideal demand system (AIDS) specification, we estimate demand for air travel at the airline level, and empirically decompose an airline’s own price elasticity into cross-price elasticity vis-à-vis other airlines and an industry elasticity. Conceptually, cross-price elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded of airline service offered by an airline to a unilateral change in the firm’s own price with total expenditures given, whereas the industry elasticity measures the responsiveness of total quantity of airline travel demanded to a change in the overall price of air travel. Then, we investigate the determinants of price dispersion induced by discriminatory pricing across airline routes. Our results show that cross-price elasticity of demand for air travel, reflecting competitive-type discrimination, is the key factor affecting price dispersion in the airline industry. This result is consistent with the earlier findings of Borenstein and Rose (1994), but is based on a direct test of the underlying theory of Holmes (1989).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1965. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99).