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Understanding the Cognitive and Psychological Impacts of Emerging Technologies on Driver Decision-Making Using Physiological DataShubham Agrawal (9756986) 14 December 2020 (has links)
<p>Emerging technologies such as real-time travel information
systems and automated vehicles (AVs) have profound impacts on driver decision-making
behavior. While they generally have positive impacts by enabling drivers to
make more informed decisions or by reducing their driving effort, there are
several concerns related to inadequate consideration of cognitive and
psychological aspects in their design. In this context, this dissertation
analyzes different aspects of driver cognition and psychology that arise from
drivers’ interactions with these technologies using physiological data
collected in two sets of driving simulator experiments.</p>
<p>This research analyzes the latent cognitive and psychological
effects of real-time travel information using electroencephalogram (EEG) data
measured in the first set of driving simulator experiments. Using insights from
the previous analysis, a hybrid route choice modeling framework is proposed
that incorporates the impacts of the latent information-induced cognitive and
psychological effects along with other explanatory variables that can be
measured directly (i.e., route characteristics, information characteristics,
driver attributes, and situational factors) on drivers’ route choice decisions.
EEG data is analyzed to extract two latent cognitive variables that capture the
driver’s cognitive effort during and immediately after the information provision,
and cognitive inattention before implementing the route choice decision. </p>
<p>Several safety concerns emerge for the transition of control
from the automated driving system to a human driver after the vehicle issues a
takeover warning under conditional vehicle automation (SAE Level 3). In this
context, this study investigates the impacts of driver’s pre-warning cognitive
state on takeover performance (i.e., driving performance while resuming manual
control) using EEG data measured in the second set of driving simulator
experiments. However, there is no comprehensive metric available in the
literature that could be used to benchmark the role of driver’s pre-warning
cognitive state on takeover performance, as most existing studies ignore the
interdependencies between the associated driving performance indicators by
analyzing them independently. This study proposes a novel comprehensive
takeover performance metric, Takeover Performance Index (TOPI), that combines
multiple driving performance indicators representing different aspects of
takeover performance. </p>
<p>Acknowledging the practical limitations of EEG data to have
real-world applications, this dissertation evaluates the driver’s situational
awareness (SA) and mental stress using eye-tracking and heart rate measures,
respectively, that can be obtained from in-vehicle driver monitoring systems in
real-time. The differences in SA and mental stress over time, their
correlations, and their impacts on the TOPI are analyzed to evaluate the
efficacy of using eye-tracking and heart rate measures for estimating the overall
takeover performance in conditionally AVs.</p>
The study findings can assist information service providers and auto
manufacturers to incorporate driver cognition and psychology in designing safer
real-time information and their delivery systems. They can also aid traffic
operators to incorporate cognitive aspects while devising strategies for
designing and disseminating real-time travel information to influence drivers’
route choices. Further, the study findings provide valuable insights to design
operating and licensing strategies, and regulations for conditionally automated
vehicles. They can also assist auto manufacturers in designing integrated
in-vehicle driver monitoring and warning systems that enhance road safety and
user experience.
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Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Interaction with an Experimental Story EEG Brain-Computer InterfaceClaudia M Krogmeier (6632114) 03 November 2022 (has links)
<p> Although interest in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) from researchers and consumers continues to increase, many BCIs lack the complexity and imaginative properties thought to guide users towards successful brain activity modulation. In this research, an experimental story brain-computer interface (ES-BCI) was developed, with which users could interact using cognitive strategies; specifically, thinking about the story and engaging with the main character of the story through their thought processes. In this system, the user’s frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) measured with electroencephalography (EEG) was linearly mapped to the color saturation of the main character in the story. Therefore, the color saturation of the main character increased as FAA recorded from the participant’s brain activity increased above the FAA threshold required to receive visual feedback. A user-friendly experimental design was implemented using a comfortable EEG device and short neurofeedback (NF) training protocol. Eight distinct story scenes, each with a View and Engage NF component were created, and are referred to as blocks. In this system, seven out of 19 participants successfully increased FAA during the course of the study, for a total of ten successful blocks out of 152. Results concerning left (Lact) and right (Ract) prefrontal cortical activity contributions to FAA in both successful and unsuccessful blocks were examined to understand FAA measurements in greater detail. Additionally, electrodermal activity data (EDA) and self-reported questionnaire data were investigated to understand the user experience with this ES-BCI. Results suggest the potential of ES-BCI environments for engaging users and allowing for FAA modulation. New research directions for artistic BCIs investigating affect are discussed. </p>
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Age-related Changes to Attention and Working Memory: An Electrophysiological StudyWilson, Kristin 30 December 2010 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to help elucidate the mechanisms that underlie age-related decline in visual selective attention and working memory (WM). Older and younger adults completed a behavioural WM task, after which electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded as participants perform a localized attentional interference (LAI) task – competition/attentional interference was manipulated by systematically altering the distance between targets and distractors. Older adults showed impaired accuracy and reaction time on the WM and LAI tasks. Two event-related-potentials, indexing spatial attention (N2pc) and target processing (Ptc), displayed attenuated amplitude and increased latency in older adults. Thus, spatial selection, target enhancement and processing speed deficits may contribute to age-related attentional impairments. Furthermore, an unexpected component was found between the N2pc and Ptc in the older adult waveforms. Preliminary analyses suggest this may be the PD, implicated in distractor suppression, which may be differentially contributing to older and younger adults’ electrophysiology and attentional processing.
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Age-related Changes to Attention and Working Memory: An Electrophysiological StudyWilson, Kristin 30 December 2010 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to help elucidate the mechanisms that underlie age-related decline in visual selective attention and working memory (WM). Older and younger adults completed a behavioural WM task, after which electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded as participants perform a localized attentional interference (LAI) task – competition/attentional interference was manipulated by systematically altering the distance between targets and distractors. Older adults showed impaired accuracy and reaction time on the WM and LAI tasks. Two event-related-potentials, indexing spatial attention (N2pc) and target processing (Ptc), displayed attenuated amplitude and increased latency in older adults. Thus, spatial selection, target enhancement and processing speed deficits may contribute to age-related attentional impairments. Furthermore, an unexpected component was found between the N2pc and Ptc in the older adult waveforms. Preliminary analyses suggest this may be the PD, implicated in distractor suppression, which may be differentially contributing to older and younger adults’ electrophysiology and attentional processing.
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Le développement visuel et cognitif chez les enfants nés à terme ou prématurémentSayeur, Mélissa Sue 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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