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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
381

Study of Electromagnetic Interactions in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

Caratelli, David January 2018 (has links)
This thesis presents results on the study of electromagnetic (EM) activity in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detector. The LArTPC detector technology provides bubble-chamber like information on neutrino interaction final states, necessary to perform precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters. Accelerator-based oscillation experiments heavily rely on the appearance channel νµ → νe to make such measurements. Identifying and reconstructing the energy of the outgoing electrons from such interactions is therefore crucial for their success. This work focuses on two sources of EM activity: Michel electrons in the 10-50 MeV energy range, and photons from π^0 decay in the ~30-300 MeV range. Studies of biases in the energy reconstruction measurement, and energy resolution are performed. The impact of shower topology at different energies is discussed, and the importance of thresholding and other reconstruction effects on producing an asymmetric and biased energy measurement are highlighted. This work further presents a study of the calorimetric separation of electrons and photons with a focus on the shower energy dependence of the separation power.
382

Microválvulas destinadas ao controle do fluxo de líquidos em canais microfluídicos. / Microvalves for liquids flow control in microfluidic channels.

Reinaldo Lucas dos Santos Rosa 03 May 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta a modelagem comportamental desenvolvida para diferentes componentes necessários para a construção de uma microválvula eletromagneticamente atuável, associada ao uso de uma membrana flexível. Foram desenvolvidos modelos teóricos para a descrição do fluxo de fluidos em microcanais, especialmente canais com secções transversais retangulares, utilizadas na construção da maioria dos microcanais usados em microfluídica. O modelo para descrição da deformação experimentada por uma microponte de PDMS foi desenvolvido, permitindo estimar a rigidez elástica para diversas membranas desenvolvidas neste trabalho. Além disso um modelo teórico foi desenvolvido com o intuito de estudar as forças produzidas por uma microbobina com enrolamentos em formato espiral quadrado, sobre um imã permanente de NdFeB localizado em posições genéricas em relação à bobina. Utilizando o primeiro modelamento, estudo de microcanais, foi possível estimar a resistência hidráulica oferecida por microcanais com dimensões sub-milimétricas, permitindo avaliar a relação entre pressão de entrada e vazão de saída correspondente. Foi possível verificar analiticamente que para a faixa de trabalho especificada (vazões na faixa de 0,2 a 6 mL/min utilizando pressões na faixa de 0 a 30 kPa), canais com 1 cm de comprimento e 200 ?m de altura, devem possuir a largura variando na faixa de 300 µm a 500 µm de modo a operar na faixa de interesse estabelecida neste trabalho. Utilizando um canal com 2 cm de comprimento e 300 µm, o valor da altura pode estar entre 200 µm a 400 µm, permitindo miniaturizar o dispositivo final, garantindo a faixa de operação desejada. A partir da modelagem realizada com a finalidade de descrever o comportamento da membrana de PDMS, foi possível estimar teoricamente que uma membrana com 2 cm de comprimento, 2 mm de largura e a espessura variando na faixa de 1,6 a 2 mm, exige a realização de uma força na faixa de 10,5 mN a 13 mN (faixa para a força de atuação necessária), de modo a obter a deflexão de interesse neste trabalho (250 µm). Avaliando as microbobinas com base no modelo teórico desenvolvido neste trabalho, foi possível verificar que uma bobina contendo 36 enrolamentos, espaçamento de 80 µm, a uma distância de 1 mm do centro do imã, aplicando-se 10V (considerando uma resistência total de 100 Ohm), utilizando 10 camadas sobrepostas, é possível produzir uma força sobre um imã de NdFeB de até 0,18 N nas regiões de 3 mm a 10 mm afastadas em relação ao eixo x do imã, ainda a uma altura de 1 mm em relação ao plano xOy do imã. Após a fabricação dos componentes mencionados acima, foram propostos arranjos experimentais para a caracterização das respostas associadas a cada componente separadamente. As simulações apresentaram resultados similares aos obtidos experimentalmente, conforme pode ser avaliado visualizando os erros obtidos relacionando os resultados teóricos e experimentais, especialmente para os microcanais. Dispositivos microfluídicos foram fabricados obtendo canais com as seguintes dimensões: comprimento na faixa de 1 a 4 cm, largura na faixa de 100 a 400 µm e alturas na faixa de 200 a 600 µm, correspondentes à construção de 9 dispositivos com diferentes tamanhos, em que os 6 primeiros foram submetidos às análises experimentais sob as mesmas condições, repetidamente. Foi observado que tais microcanais foram capazes de fornecer até 1,41 mL/min a 0,8 kPa. O valor de vazão está dentro da faixa de desempenho do dispositivo (0,2 a 6 mL/min) com foco em sua aplicação na realização de análises químicas, onde as pressões fornecidas podem chegar até 60 kPa, fornecendo flexibilidade na produção de propulsão dos líquidos transportados através dos canais fabricados. Em relação aos resultados obtidos utilizando o modelo teórico para descrição do comportamento fluídico em microcanais, erros menores que 5% relativos aos resultados experimentais foram obtidos, indicando a validação do modelo teórico apresentado. Foram fabricados dispositivos com características comutadoras, normalmente abertas e normalmente fechadas, dependendo do método de fixação da membrana de PDMS ao substrato cerâmico. O projeto para o desenvolvimento de um chanfro na base do substrato cerâmico, na região de contato com a membrana de PDMS, foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de melhorar a selagem do canal com a válvula no estado fechado. Observou-se que para uma pressão de 5 kPa aplicada à entrada da válvula, não houve vazamento para os dispositivos normalmente fechados, e utilizando uma força em torno de 1 N é possível atingir taxas de fluxo de líquido da ordem de 0,45 mL/min, sendo esta superior às vazões necessárias para a aplicação em foco, qual seja, a automatização de microlaboratórios autônomos. Dois processos de montagem dos componentes para confecção das microválvulas foram desenvolvidos. Um deles visou a montagem da membrana de PDMS após a sinterização do sistema microfluídico junto à microbobina, e o outro visou a fixação da membrana antes da união entre o sistema e a bobina, necessitando de uma etapa de soldagem entre estes componentes após a fabricação das membranas junto ao substrato de LTCC. Microbobinas foram fabricadas com o intuito de realizar a atuação das microválvulas, a partir da atração/repulsão relacionada a um imã permanente de NdFeB (neodímio-ferro-boro) fixado à membrana flexível em contato com o canal. As bobinas foram fabricadas utilizando dimensões da ordem de 1 cm x 1 cm x 0,2 mm, apresentando de 15 a 44 enrolamentos, com gaps variando na faixa de 80 a 150 µm e as larguras dos fios condutores presente nos enrolamentos variando na faixa de 60 a 90 µm. Os resultados experimentais preliminares realizados demonstraram que uma bobina plana (uma camada, 36 enrolamentos, gap igual a 80 ?m, seção transversal de 1 cm x 1 cm), submetida a uma diferença de potencial de 1 V, é capaz de produzir uma força de 0,02 N sobre o imã permanente (localizado no centro a uma distância (no eixo z) de 1 mm da bobina). Este valor indica que para uma tensão de 10 V, devido a relação linear entre corrente e força magnética, utilizando até 10 camadas de bobinas sobrepostas, é possível obter esforços da ordem de 1 a 2 N (considerando a espessura do LTCC), permitindo que os dispositivos microfluídicos fabricados sejam acionados. / This work presents the physical modeling and implementation developed for different components necessary for the construction of electromagnetically actuating microvalves using a flexible membrane. Theoretical models were developed for describing the flow of fluids in microchannels, especially channels with rectangular transverse sections, routinely used as microchannels microfluidics. The model for the description of the deformation experienced by a PDMS microbridge was developed, allowing to estimate the elastic stiffness for various membranes developed in this work. In addition, a theoretical model was developed to study the forces produced by a microcoil with planar windings in squared spiral format, on a permanent magnet of NdFeB. Using the microchannel modeling, it was possible to estimate the hydraulic resistance offered by microchannels with micrometric dimensions, allowing to evaluate the relationship between inlet pressure and flow rate. It was possible to verify analytically that for the working range specified (flow rates of 0.2 to 6 mL/min for pressures from 0 to 30 kPa), channels with 1 cm in length and 200 ?m height should have a width varying in the range of 300 ?m to 500 µm in order to operate in the range of interest established in this study. Concerning the PDMS membrane, it was possible to estimate theoretically that a membrane with 2 cm in length, width of 2 mm and a thickness varying in the range of 1.6 to 2 mm, requires the implementation of a force in the range of 10.5 mN to 13 mN (range for the strength of action required) to obtain full deflection (250 µm). Evaluating Furthermore, using the theoretical model developed for the microcoils, it was possible to verify that a coil containing 36 windings, spacing of 80 µm, at a distance of 1 mm from the center of the magnet, and composed of 10 overlapping layers, it is possible to produce a force on a magnet of NdFeB up to 0.18 N in the regions from 3 mm to 10 mm away from the x-axis of the magnet, even at a height of 1 mm in relation to the plane xOy of magnet. The characterization of the responses associated with each component was made separately. The simulations showed similar results to those obtained experimentally, as evidenced from the errors obtained by relating the results of theoretical and experimental studies, especially for the microchannels. Microfluidic channels were manufactured with the following dimensions: length in the range of 1 to 4 cm, width in the range of 100 to 400 µm and heights in the range of 200 to 600 µm, 9 different devices were fabricated. It was observed that such microchannels were able to provide up to 1.41 mL/min to 0.8 kPa. The value of flow rate is within the expected range (0.2 to 6 mL/min) considering their application in chemical analysis, where the pressures provided can reach up to 60 kPa. Errors smaller than 5% for hydraulic resistance were obtained, indicating the validation of the theoretical model presented. Devices for fluidic switching with normally open and normally closed operation were fabricated and characterized with PDMS membranes and LTCC layers. Particularly a chamfer on the base of the ceramic substrates was proposed , in the region of contact with the membrane of PDMS, to better sealing the channel with the valve in a closed state. It has been observed that for a pressure of 5 kPa applied at the inlet of the valve, there was no leakage for the normally closed devices, and using a force around 1 N it is possible to achieve rates of liquid flow in the order of 0.45 mL/min, this being higher than the flow required for the intended application. Two assembling processes were developed for the microfluidic switching devices, one through the assembly of the PDMS membrane after LTCC sintering with the microcoil, and the other before the union between the switching device and the microcoil, requiring a step of welding between these components after the fabrication of membranes. Microcoils were manufactured and integrated with a NdFeB permanent magnet attached to a flexible membrane in contact with the channel. The coils were manufactured using dimensions of approximately 1 cm x 1 cm x 0.2 mm, containing 15 to 44 windings, with gaps ranging from 80 to 150 µm and the widths of the conductive wires in the range from 60 to 90 µm. The preliminary experimental results demonstrated that a planar coil (one layer, 36 windings, gap equal to 80 µm, cross section of 1 cm x 1 cm), subject to a potential difference of 1 Volt, is capable of producing a force of 0.02 N on the permanent magnet (located in the center at a z distance of 1 mm of the coil). This value indicates that at a voltage of 10 V it is possible to obtain a force of approximately 1 to 2 N for a coil with 10 layers, allowing for actuation of the microvalves developed.
383

Microválvulas destinadas ao controle do fluxo de líquidos em canais microfluídicos. / Microvalves for liquids flow control in microfluidic channels.

Rosa, Reinaldo Lucas dos Santos 03 May 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta a modelagem comportamental desenvolvida para diferentes componentes necessários para a construção de uma microválvula eletromagneticamente atuável, associada ao uso de uma membrana flexível. Foram desenvolvidos modelos teóricos para a descrição do fluxo de fluidos em microcanais, especialmente canais com secções transversais retangulares, utilizadas na construção da maioria dos microcanais usados em microfluídica. O modelo para descrição da deformação experimentada por uma microponte de PDMS foi desenvolvido, permitindo estimar a rigidez elástica para diversas membranas desenvolvidas neste trabalho. Além disso um modelo teórico foi desenvolvido com o intuito de estudar as forças produzidas por uma microbobina com enrolamentos em formato espiral quadrado, sobre um imã permanente de NdFeB localizado em posições genéricas em relação à bobina. Utilizando o primeiro modelamento, estudo de microcanais, foi possível estimar a resistência hidráulica oferecida por microcanais com dimensões sub-milimétricas, permitindo avaliar a relação entre pressão de entrada e vazão de saída correspondente. Foi possível verificar analiticamente que para a faixa de trabalho especificada (vazões na faixa de 0,2 a 6 mL/min utilizando pressões na faixa de 0 a 30 kPa), canais com 1 cm de comprimento e 200 ?m de altura, devem possuir a largura variando na faixa de 300 µm a 500 µm de modo a operar na faixa de interesse estabelecida neste trabalho. Utilizando um canal com 2 cm de comprimento e 300 µm, o valor da altura pode estar entre 200 µm a 400 µm, permitindo miniaturizar o dispositivo final, garantindo a faixa de operação desejada. A partir da modelagem realizada com a finalidade de descrever o comportamento da membrana de PDMS, foi possível estimar teoricamente que uma membrana com 2 cm de comprimento, 2 mm de largura e a espessura variando na faixa de 1,6 a 2 mm, exige a realização de uma força na faixa de 10,5 mN a 13 mN (faixa para a força de atuação necessária), de modo a obter a deflexão de interesse neste trabalho (250 µm). Avaliando as microbobinas com base no modelo teórico desenvolvido neste trabalho, foi possível verificar que uma bobina contendo 36 enrolamentos, espaçamento de 80 µm, a uma distância de 1 mm do centro do imã, aplicando-se 10V (considerando uma resistência total de 100 Ohm), utilizando 10 camadas sobrepostas, é possível produzir uma força sobre um imã de NdFeB de até 0,18 N nas regiões de 3 mm a 10 mm afastadas em relação ao eixo x do imã, ainda a uma altura de 1 mm em relação ao plano xOy do imã. Após a fabricação dos componentes mencionados acima, foram propostos arranjos experimentais para a caracterização das respostas associadas a cada componente separadamente. As simulações apresentaram resultados similares aos obtidos experimentalmente, conforme pode ser avaliado visualizando os erros obtidos relacionando os resultados teóricos e experimentais, especialmente para os microcanais. Dispositivos microfluídicos foram fabricados obtendo canais com as seguintes dimensões: comprimento na faixa de 1 a 4 cm, largura na faixa de 100 a 400 µm e alturas na faixa de 200 a 600 µm, correspondentes à construção de 9 dispositivos com diferentes tamanhos, em que os 6 primeiros foram submetidos às análises experimentais sob as mesmas condições, repetidamente. Foi observado que tais microcanais foram capazes de fornecer até 1,41 mL/min a 0,8 kPa. O valor de vazão está dentro da faixa de desempenho do dispositivo (0,2 a 6 mL/min) com foco em sua aplicação na realização de análises químicas, onde as pressões fornecidas podem chegar até 60 kPa, fornecendo flexibilidade na produção de propulsão dos líquidos transportados através dos canais fabricados. Em relação aos resultados obtidos utilizando o modelo teórico para descrição do comportamento fluídico em microcanais, erros menores que 5% relativos aos resultados experimentais foram obtidos, indicando a validação do modelo teórico apresentado. Foram fabricados dispositivos com características comutadoras, normalmente abertas e normalmente fechadas, dependendo do método de fixação da membrana de PDMS ao substrato cerâmico. O projeto para o desenvolvimento de um chanfro na base do substrato cerâmico, na região de contato com a membrana de PDMS, foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de melhorar a selagem do canal com a válvula no estado fechado. Observou-se que para uma pressão de 5 kPa aplicada à entrada da válvula, não houve vazamento para os dispositivos normalmente fechados, e utilizando uma força em torno de 1 N é possível atingir taxas de fluxo de líquido da ordem de 0,45 mL/min, sendo esta superior às vazões necessárias para a aplicação em foco, qual seja, a automatização de microlaboratórios autônomos. Dois processos de montagem dos componentes para confecção das microválvulas foram desenvolvidos. Um deles visou a montagem da membrana de PDMS após a sinterização do sistema microfluídico junto à microbobina, e o outro visou a fixação da membrana antes da união entre o sistema e a bobina, necessitando de uma etapa de soldagem entre estes componentes após a fabricação das membranas junto ao substrato de LTCC. Microbobinas foram fabricadas com o intuito de realizar a atuação das microválvulas, a partir da atração/repulsão relacionada a um imã permanente de NdFeB (neodímio-ferro-boro) fixado à membrana flexível em contato com o canal. As bobinas foram fabricadas utilizando dimensões da ordem de 1 cm x 1 cm x 0,2 mm, apresentando de 15 a 44 enrolamentos, com gaps variando na faixa de 80 a 150 µm e as larguras dos fios condutores presente nos enrolamentos variando na faixa de 60 a 90 µm. Os resultados experimentais preliminares realizados demonstraram que uma bobina plana (uma camada, 36 enrolamentos, gap igual a 80 ?m, seção transversal de 1 cm x 1 cm), submetida a uma diferença de potencial de 1 V, é capaz de produzir uma força de 0,02 N sobre o imã permanente (localizado no centro a uma distância (no eixo z) de 1 mm da bobina). Este valor indica que para uma tensão de 10 V, devido a relação linear entre corrente e força magnética, utilizando até 10 camadas de bobinas sobrepostas, é possível obter esforços da ordem de 1 a 2 N (considerando a espessura do LTCC), permitindo que os dispositivos microfluídicos fabricados sejam acionados. / This work presents the physical modeling and implementation developed for different components necessary for the construction of electromagnetically actuating microvalves using a flexible membrane. Theoretical models were developed for describing the flow of fluids in microchannels, especially channels with rectangular transverse sections, routinely used as microchannels microfluidics. The model for the description of the deformation experienced by a PDMS microbridge was developed, allowing to estimate the elastic stiffness for various membranes developed in this work. In addition, a theoretical model was developed to study the forces produced by a microcoil with planar windings in squared spiral format, on a permanent magnet of NdFeB. Using the microchannel modeling, it was possible to estimate the hydraulic resistance offered by microchannels with micrometric dimensions, allowing to evaluate the relationship between inlet pressure and flow rate. It was possible to verify analytically that for the working range specified (flow rates of 0.2 to 6 mL/min for pressures from 0 to 30 kPa), channels with 1 cm in length and 200 ?m height should have a width varying in the range of 300 ?m to 500 µm in order to operate in the range of interest established in this study. Concerning the PDMS membrane, it was possible to estimate theoretically that a membrane with 2 cm in length, width of 2 mm and a thickness varying in the range of 1.6 to 2 mm, requires the implementation of a force in the range of 10.5 mN to 13 mN (range for the strength of action required) to obtain full deflection (250 µm). Evaluating Furthermore, using the theoretical model developed for the microcoils, it was possible to verify that a coil containing 36 windings, spacing of 80 µm, at a distance of 1 mm from the center of the magnet, and composed of 10 overlapping layers, it is possible to produce a force on a magnet of NdFeB up to 0.18 N in the regions from 3 mm to 10 mm away from the x-axis of the magnet, even at a height of 1 mm in relation to the plane xOy of magnet. The characterization of the responses associated with each component was made separately. The simulations showed similar results to those obtained experimentally, as evidenced from the errors obtained by relating the results of theoretical and experimental studies, especially for the microchannels. Microfluidic channels were manufactured with the following dimensions: length in the range of 1 to 4 cm, width in the range of 100 to 400 µm and heights in the range of 200 to 600 µm, 9 different devices were fabricated. It was observed that such microchannels were able to provide up to 1.41 mL/min to 0.8 kPa. The value of flow rate is within the expected range (0.2 to 6 mL/min) considering their application in chemical analysis, where the pressures provided can reach up to 60 kPa. Errors smaller than 5% for hydraulic resistance were obtained, indicating the validation of the theoretical model presented. Devices for fluidic switching with normally open and normally closed operation were fabricated and characterized with PDMS membranes and LTCC layers. Particularly a chamfer on the base of the ceramic substrates was proposed , in the region of contact with the membrane of PDMS, to better sealing the channel with the valve in a closed state. It has been observed that for a pressure of 5 kPa applied at the inlet of the valve, there was no leakage for the normally closed devices, and using a force around 1 N it is possible to achieve rates of liquid flow in the order of 0.45 mL/min, this being higher than the flow required for the intended application. Two assembling processes were developed for the microfluidic switching devices, one through the assembly of the PDMS membrane after LTCC sintering with the microcoil, and the other before the union between the switching device and the microcoil, requiring a step of welding between these components after the fabrication of membranes. Microcoils were manufactured and integrated with a NdFeB permanent magnet attached to a flexible membrane in contact with the channel. The coils were manufactured using dimensions of approximately 1 cm x 1 cm x 0.2 mm, containing 15 to 44 windings, with gaps ranging from 80 to 150 µm and the widths of the conductive wires in the range from 60 to 90 µm. The preliminary experimental results demonstrated that a planar coil (one layer, 36 windings, gap equal to 80 µm, cross section of 1 cm x 1 cm), subject to a potential difference of 1 Volt, is capable of producing a force of 0.02 N on the permanent magnet (located in the center at a z distance of 1 mm of the coil). This value indicates that at a voltage of 10 V it is possible to obtain a force of approximately 1 to 2 N for a coil with 10 layers, allowing for actuation of the microvalves developed.
384

3D Modelling of TEM Data : from Rajapalot Gold-Cobalt prospect, northern Finland

Torikka, Niklas January 2019 (has links)
The Rajapalot gold-cobalt project in northern Finland is an exciting, relatively new discovery, still being explored with hopes to start mining in the future. The area was found by a IP/Resistivity survey in 2013. Extensive geophysical follow-up surveys have delineated several electromagnetic targets, one of which, named Raja, is the target anomaly this master thesis is built upon. A TEM survey was carried out during late August to early September 2018. The data collected was analyzed, processed and later modelled in Maxwell using Leroi, a CSIRO module. Three separate models are produced with one, two, and three plates respectively. The result is compared to existing VTEM and resistivity models. / Rajapalot guld-kobolt-projektet i norra Finland är en spännande, relativt ny upptäckt som fortfarande undersöks med hopp om att starta gruvbrytning i framtiden. Området upptäcktes via en IP/Resistivitets-undersökning under 2013. Omfattande geofysiska undersökningar har avgränsat flera elektromagnetiska anomalier, varav en, döpt Raja, är den anomali som den här masteruppsatsen är uppbyggd kring. En TEM-undersökning utfördes under slutet av augusti, början av september 2018. Insamlade data analyserades, bearbetades och modellerades senare i Maxwell med hjälp av Leroi, en insticksmodul från CSIRO. Tre separata modeller togs fram med respektive, en, två, och tre plattor. Resultatet jämfördes mot befintliga VTEM-, och resistivitetsmodeller.
385

Magnetodynamics Inside and Outside Magnetars

Li, Xinyu January 2019 (has links)
The ultra-strong magnetic fields of magnetars have profound implications for their radiative phenomena. We study the dynamics of strong magnetic fields inside and outside magnetars. Inside the magnetar, the strong magnetic stress can break the crust and trigger plastic failures. The interaction between magnetic fields and plastic failures is studied in two scenarios: 1. Internal Hall waves launched from the core-crust interface can initiate plastic failures and lead to X-ray outbursts. 2. External Alfven waves produced by giant flares can also initiate crustal plastic failures which dissipate the waves and give rise to delayed thermal afterglow. The crustal dissipation of Alfven waves competes with the magnetospheric dissipation outside the magnetar. Using a high order simulation of Force-Free Electrodynamics (FFE), we found that the magnetospheric dissipation of Alfven waves is generally slow and most wave energy will dissipate inside the magnetar.
386

The Electromagnetic Field as a Modulator of a Protein Activity, and the Resonant Recognition Model

Vojisavljevic, Vuk, Vuk.Vojisavljevic@rmit.edu.au January 2007 (has links)
In this study, it was experimentally proved, for the first time, that it is possible to predict the frequency of electromagnetic radiation that can modulate activity of proteins and more specifically activity of enzymes. The prediction was obtained using the computational model so called the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM). The model was tested here experimentally using the reaction catalysed with the enzyme l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The RRM model was applied to the group of the enzymes belonging to the sub-subclass EC 1.1.1.27 i.e. l-lactate dehydrogenase. The wavelengths of the electro magnetic radiation calculated by the RRM and proposed to alternate activity of l-lactate dehydrogenate were identified at =620 25 nm and =840 25 nm. Enzyme activity was then measured after the exposure to the low-intensity, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) within the proposed EMR range [560-860 nm]. The experimental results have indeed shown that there is a significant increase in the activity of LDH only after irradiation within the range of the frequencies predicted by the RRM: 596nm (12%; P less than 0.001) and 829 nm (11.8%, P less than 0.001). These results prove successfully that activity of proteins and more specifically enzymes could be modified by EMR radiation of specific frequencies and even more that RRM computational model can successfully predict these frequencies.
387

EMI studies in motor drives

Hellany, Ali, University of Western Sydney, Nepean, Faculty of Engineering January 1996 (has links)
This thesis reviews in general the topic of electromagnetic compatibility, and electromagnetic interference and their origin and effects in modern electronically controlled motor drives. The measurement techniques for EMI noise are reviewed. The sources of noise of a switching power circuit are described. This thesis investigates the establishment of a procedure for measuring conducted emission produced by motor drives, using a virtual instrument. This procedure is based on the traditional methodology of EMI measurement and the use of simulation techniques. A test bench is designed. The thesis covers the detailed design of a virtual instrument for measuring conducted current produced by motor drives. A line impedance stabilisation network LISN is designed and built. A series of measurements were carried out using the developed instrument. The results show very little difference between the conducted emission produced by induction, permanent magnet and reluctance motor drives. Comparing one of the experimental results with published results from a major test laboratory assesses the validity of the designed instrument. The experimental results refer to drive systems under no load conditions. Useful conclusions are drawn and future research studies recommended. / Master of Engineering (Hons)
388

Numerical study of RF magnetic field, specific absorption rate and signal to noise ratio in high field MRI

Wang, Chunsheng, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
389

Complex source point beam expansions for some electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems

Tap, Koray, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-208).
390

Radiofrequency fields – exposure, dose and health

Wilén, Jonna January 2002 (has links)
<p>The overall aim of this thesis is to increase our knowledge of relevant exposure parameters when discussing possible health implication from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF), especially effects that might occur at non-thermal levels.</p><p>In this thesis an effort is made to broaden the exposure assessment and to take the exposure time into account and combine it with the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and the field parameters (electric and magnetic field strength) to approach a dose concept.</p><p>In the first part of the thesis self-reported subjective symptoms among mobile phone users were studied. As a basis for this an epidemiological study among mobile phone users was completed with the main hypothesis that users of the digital transmission system GSM experience more symptoms than users of the older analogue NMT transmission system.</p><p>The hypothesis was falsified, but an interesting side finding was that people with longer calling time per day experienced more symptoms than people with shorter calling time per day. The time-aspect (long duration phone call etc.) was also found to be relevant for the occurrence of symptoms in association with mobile phone use as well as duration of symptoms. The new suggested dosimetric quantity Specific Absorption per Day (SAD), in which both calling time per day as well as the measured SAR1g are included showed a stronger association to the prevalence of some of the symptoms, such as dizziness, discomfort and warmth behind the ear compared to both CT and SAR1g alone.</p><p>In the second part whole body exposure conditions were considered. Methods to measure the induced current were examined in an experimental study, where different techniques were compared in different grounding conditions. The results were used in a study of operators of RF plastic sealers (RF operators) where the health status as well as the exposure were studied. The results showed that RF operators are a highly exposed group, which was confirmed by the fact that 16 out of 46 measured work places exceeded the ICNIRP guidelines. Headaches were found to be associated with the mean value of the time integrated E-field during a weld (E-weld) and the warmth sensations in the hands (warm hands) with the time integrated E-field exposure during one day (E-day).</p><p>The general findings in this thesis indicated that time should be included in the exposure assessment when studying non-thermal effects such as subjective symptoms in connection with RF exposure. The thesis proposes two different methods for doing this, namely timeintegrated exposure [V/m x t and A/m x t] and dose [J/kg]. </p>

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