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A l’heure actuelle, la microfluidique est une science en plein développement ayant un besoin croissant de dispositifs permettant de générer des écoulements aux échelles micrométriques. Les phénomènes physiques mis en jeu lors du mouvement d’un fluide sont en effet majoritairement gouvernés par la viscosité (bas nombre de Reynolds) contrairement aux écoulements macroscopiques dominés par les effets inertiels.Dans cette thèse, les écoulements engendrés par le mouvement de parois mobiles ont été étudiés en vue d’une application aux micropompes, dispositifs essentiels en microfluidique.Dans une première partie, une étude analytique et numérique évalue la possibilité de générer un écoulement par un cylindre en rotation à proximité de parois mobiles.Les résultats obtenus du régime de Stokes (Re=0) jusqu’à un nombre de Reynolds Re=60 en régime stationnaire témoignent du potentiel notable d’intégration de cette géométrie dans les microsystèmes en tant que micropompes.Dans une seconde partie, une micropompe, basée sur un principe de fonctionnement novateur, est conçue par l’intermédiaire des techniques de microfabrication. Dans cette optique, le procédé de gravure RIE d’un élastomère est entièrement développé. Les performances de la micropompe en terme de pression et débit générés dépassent l’état de l’art des microsystèmes similaires et ceci en utilisant une technologie simple et bas-coût / Currently, microfluidic is a science field in constant development with an increasing need of devices able to generate flows at the micrometer order. At these length scales, physical phenomenons occurring in a moving fluid are mainly governed by its viscosity (low Reynolds number) contrary to macroscale flows dominated by inertial effects.In this thesis, a study on flows engendered by moving walls has been carried to fulfill to micropumps devices.In a first part, an analytical and a numerical study evaluates the possibility to generate a flow for a rotating cylinder close to moving boundaries.The results ranging from Stokes flows (Re=0) up to the low Reynolds number Re=60 in the stationary regime reveals the noticeable potential of integrating this device in microsystems as a micropump. In a second part, a new micropump, based on an innovative principle, is designed thanks to microfabrication technologies. In this perspective, the etching process of an elastomer called Silastic S is developed. Micropump performances in terms of pressure and flow rate are beyond the state of the art for similar microsystems and are achieved by using a simple and low-cost technology

Epilepsy affects up to 1% of the world's population and approximately 2.5 million people in the United States. A considerable portion (30%) of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and surgery can not be an effective candidate if the focus of the seizure is on the eloquent cortex. To overcome the problems with existing solutions, a notable portion of biomedical research is focused on developing an implantable or wearable system for automated seizure detection and control. Seizure detection algorithms based on signal rejection algorithms (SRA), deep neural networks (DNN), and neighborhood component analysis (NCA) have been proposed in the IoMT framework. The algorithms proposed in this work have been validated with both scalp and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG, icEEG), and demonstrate high classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The occurrence of seizure can be controlled by direct drug injection into the epileptogenic zone, which enhances the efficacy of the AEDs. Piezoelectric and electromagnetic micropumps have been explored for the use of a drug delivery unit, as they provide accurate drug flow and reduce power consumption. The reduction in power consumption as a result of minimal circuitry employed by the drug delivery system is making it suitable for practical biomedical applications. The IoMT inclusion enables remote health activity monitoring, remote data sharing, and access, which advances the current healthcare modality for epilepsy considerably.

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