Unified Diagnostic Service (UDS), which is an international and not a company-specific standard, is used in almost all new electronic control units (ECUs) by now. Modern vehicles have a diagnostic interface for off-board diagnostics, which makes it possible to connect a diagnostic tool to the vehicle’s bus system like Controller Area Network (CAN) and Local Interconnect Network (LIN). However, as the most commonly used method, sequential method on the UDS data transmission over LIN does not only result in low reliability and flexibility but also fails to meet the standard for LIN development defined in the latest LIN specification published by the consortium. With standard workflow and application interfaces, this Master Thesis will develop and evaluate a database-based method to build a UDS system over LIN, where all the information for the network is defined in the LIN database, and the protocol properties are realized in a reusable model so that it can be easily reconfigured for the future development of other services. As a result, a new method including a layered-structure LIN protocol model and a LIN database has been successfully designed and implemented. The prototype is built on the device PIC32MX795, and the database can be deployed by the configuration tool to specify the UDS communication schedule. Further, several performance evaluations have been performed. The tests indicate that the system is qualified on the limited hardware platform and the configuration flexibility is proved by different databases. / Unified Diagnostic Service (UDS), som är en internationell och inte en företagsspecifik standard, används nu i nästan alla nya elektroniska styrenheter (ECU). Moderna fordon har ett diagnostiskt gränssnitt för diagnostik utanför kortet, vilket gör det möjligt att ansluta ett diagnostiskt verktyg till fordonets bussystem som Controller Area Network (CAN) och Local Interconnect Network (LIN). Som den mest använda metoden resulterar emellertid sekventiell metod på UDS-dataöverföringen via LIN inte bara i låg tillförlitlighet och flexibilitet utan uppfyller också standarden för LINutveckling som definieras i den senaste LIN-specifikationen publicerad av konsortiet. Med standard arbetsflöde och applikationsgränssnitt kommer denna masteruppsats att utveckla och utvärdera en databas-baserad metod för att bygga ett UDS-system över LIN, där all information för nätverket definieras i LIN-databasen, och protokollegenskaperna realiseras i en återanvändbar modell så att den enkelt kan konfigureras för framtida utveckling av andra tjänster. Som ett resultat har en ny metod som inkluderar en LIN-protokollmodell med skiktstruktur och en LIN-databas framgångsrikt designats och implementerats. Prototypen är byggd på enheten PIC32MX795, och databasen kan konfigureras av verktyget för att ange UDSkommunikationsschema. Vidare har flera prestationsutvärderingar genomförts. Testen indikerar att systemet är kvalificerat på den begränsade hårdvaruplattformen och konfigurationsflexibiliteten bevisas av olika databaser.

This thesis was submitted to the faculty of Innovation, Design and Technology, IDT, at Mälardalen university in Västerås, Sweden as a partial fulfillment of the requirements to obtain the M.Sc. in computer science, specializing in embedded systems. The work presented was carried out in the months January to June in 2014 partially in Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo CE, Eskilstuna, and partially at Mälardalen university in Västerås. Federated Resilient Embedded Systems Technology for AUTOSAR, FRESTA, is a collaborative project between Volvo and the Swedish Institute of Computer Science, SICS, that aims to make it possible to add third party applications to vehicle’s computer systems without compromising system security and robustness. The mechanism is developed by SICS for AUTOSAR, AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture, an open standardized automotive software architecture for vehicles. The following report documents the efforts to study and port the FRESTA mechanism to the Volvo CE platform, and develop a Java application to test the porting. The investigation will aspire to determine if it is feasible to introduce Java based third party applications to resource constrained embedded systems, without causing a deterioration in the predictability and security of the system. / Avhandlingen lades fram för fakulteten för innovation, design och teknik, IDT, vid Mälardalens högskola i Västerås som en del av kraven för att erhålla M.Sc. i datavetenskap med inriktning mot inbyggda system. Arbetet genomfördes under månaderna januari till juni 2014 delvis i Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo CE, Eskilstuna, och delvis vid Mälardalens högskola i Västerås. Federated Resilient Embedded Systems Technology for AUTOSAR, FRESTA, är ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Volvo och Svenska Institutet för datavetenskap, SICS, som syftar till att göra det möjligt att lägga tredjepartsapplikationer till fordonets datorsystem utan att äventyra systemets säkerhet och robusthet. Mekanismen är utvecklat av SICS för AUTOSAR, Automotive Open System Architecture, en öppen standardiserad fordons programvaruarkitektur för fordon. Följande rapport dokumenterar arbetet med att studera Fresta mekanismen till Volvo CE-plattformen, och utveckla ett Java-program för att testa portning. Undersökningen kommer att sträva efter att avgöra om det är genomförbart att införa en Java-baserad tredje part för att resursbegränsa inbyggda system, utan att orsaka en försämring av förutsägbarhet och säkerhet i systemet.

O crescimento populacional e a consequente demanda adicional de alimentos exigem uma agricultura cada vez mais intensa e tecnificada. Essa conjuntura tem contribuído para se buscar a maximização do rendimento das culturas, além da otimização do uso de recursos, em especial, fertilizantes e água. Nos sistemas que aplicam a fertirrigação, como é o caso do cultivo hidropônico, realizam-se o manejo químico da solução nutritiva mediante monitoramento da concentração salina com condutivímetro portátil. Essa prática comum entre os produtores pode ocasionar desequilíbrios nutricionais, tendo em vista que a leitura fornecida por esse aparelho não distingue os nutrientes especificamente. Contudo, o desenvolvimento e a disponibilização de novos sensores, como os eletrodos de íon específico, permite explorar novas estratégias de monitoramento e controle de nutrientes em soluções. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar um sistema eletrônico de controle automático da concentração de nitrato em solução nutritiva por meio de um sensor de íon seletivo. O sistema desenvolvido constou, basicamente, de um Sistema de Aquisição, Processamento e Acionamento (SIAPEA), o qual realizava o processamento do sinal de sensores e o acionamento de atuadores (válvulas solenoides); um sensor seletivo a íons de nitrato; um sensor de pH; e, um sistema de injeção de solução concentrada comandada por pulsos elétricos enviados pelo SIAPEA. Além da comunicação com computador, via serial RS-232, o SIAPEA possuía uma interface amigável com o usuário, por meio de LCD, para exibição dos resultados, e botões de navegação. Assim, possibilitava-se ao usuário alterar a concentração de ajuste desejada para a solução nutritiva. Construiu-se uma bancada hidropônica para os testes do sistema, com quatro perfis, um reservatório de 120 L e bombas para circulação da solução, sendo que, para a inserção do sensor de nitrato na bancada, montou-se uma unidade de leitura. O ajuste automático da concentração da solução foi baseado em uma lógica de controle proporcional, a qual é fundamentada na diferença entre as entradas e saídas do controlador, sendo que cada ciclo de ação do controlador (medição da concentração da solução nutritiva e injeção de solução concentrada) tinha uma duração de 20 s. O valor inicial de concentração de nitrato na solução nutritiva era cerca de 524 mg L-1, sob vazão constante de 0,1 L s-1, injetando-se solução concentrada de nitrato de potássio de 30000 mg L-1 na tubulação de retorno, próximo ao reservatório, e realizando a medição à jusante do bombeamento. Realizaram-se ensaios para valores finais da concentração de 780, 1002 e 1445 mg L-1, sendo coletadas amostras de 15 mL em tempos definidos, para se determinar a concentração de nitrato no espectrofotômetro. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a eficiência da lógica de controle aplicada na automação, além do desempenho satisfatório do sistema em manter a concentração do nitrato no intervalo desejado. Para aquelas concentrações finais desejadas os tempos requeridos pelo sistema para os respectivos ajustes foram cerca de 12, 22 e 35 min, após o início dos testes. / The population growth and the consequent demand for food require an increasingly intensive and technified agriculture. This scenario has contributed to find the maximization of crop yield, besides the optimization of the use of the resources, as water and fertilizers. In the systems which apply fertigation, as in the case of hydroponic, the chemical management of the nutrient solution is done by monitoring the salinity with portable conductivity meters. Although it is a common practice among farmers, it can cause nutritional imbalances, considering that the reading provided by this device does not distinguish specific nutrients. Nevertheless, the development and availability of new sensors, such as specific ion electrodes, allows exploring new strategies for monitoring and control nutrient solutions. Given the above, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an electronic automatic control of nitrate concentration in nutrient solution by means of an ion-selective sensor. The developed system consisted basically of a System for Acquisition, Processing and Actuation (SIAPEA), which performed the signal processing sensors and drive actuators (solenoid valves); ion-selective nitrate sensor; pH sensor; and a system to inject concentrated solution commanded by electrical pulses sent by SIAPEA. Besides communication with computer via serial RS-232, the SIAPEA had a user-friendly interface through LCD to display the results, and navigation buttons. Thus, the user was enabled to change the concentration of desired adjustment to the nutrient solution. A hydroponic bench was constructed to test the system, with four flat bottomed gently sloped channels, a 120 L reservoir and pumps to circulate solution, and, for the insertion of the nitrate sensor on the bench, a reading unit was mounted. The automatic adjustment of the concentration of the solution was based on a proportional control logic, which is based on the difference between the inputs and outputs of the controller, with each cycle controller action (measurement of nutrient solution concentration and injection of concentrated solution) had 20 s of duration. The initial concentration of nitrate in the nutrient solution was about 524 mg L-1 under a constant flow of 0.1 L s-1, injecting concentrated solution of potassium nitrate to 30,000 mg L-1 in the return pipe, near the reservoir, and performing the measurement downstream of the pumping. Assays were performed for different final values of concentration of 780, 1002 and 1445 mg L-1, collecting samples of 15 mL at defined times to determine the concentration of nitrate in a spectrophotometer. The results proved the efficiency of the logic of control applied in automation, beyond the proper performance of the system to maintain the concentration of nitrate in the desired range. For those desired final concentrations, the times required by the system for the respective adjustments were approximately 12, 22 and 35 min after the start of the tests.

<p>Continuously throughout the process of developing Engine Control Units (ECU), the ECU and its control functions need to be dimensioned and tested for the engine itself. Since interaction between an ECU and a physical engine is both expensive and inflexible, software models of the engine are often used instead. One such test system, where an ECU interacts with software models, is called Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL). This thesis describes a model constructed to facilitate implementation on a HiL testbed. </p><p>The model, derived in Matlab/Simulink, is a Cylinder-by-Cylinder Engine Model (CCEM) reconstructing the angle synchronous torque of a diesel engine. To validate the model, it has been parameterised for the DaimlerChrysler engine OM646, a straight turbocharged four cylinder diesel engine, and tested towards measured data from a Mercedes-Benz C220 test vehicle. Due to hardware related problems, validation could only be performed for low engine speeds where the model shows good results. Future work around this theme ought to include further validation of the model as well as implementation on HiL.</p>

Controller Area Networks (CAN&rsquo / s) in vehicles need highly sophisticated software tools to be designed and tested in development and production phases. These tools consume a lot of computer resources and usually have complex user interfaces. Therefore, they are not feasible for vehicle service stations where low-performance computers are used and the workers not very familiar with software are employed. In this thesis, we develop a measurement, calibration, test and diagnosis program -diaCAN- that is suitable for service stations. diaCAN can transmit and receive messages over 3 CAN bus channels. It can display and plot the data received from the bus, import network message and Electronic Control Unit (ECU) configurations, and record bus traffic with standard file formats. Moreover, diaCAN can calibrate ECU values, acquire fault records and test vehicle components with CAN Calibration Protocol functions. All of these capabilities are verified and evaluated on a test bed with real CAN bus and ECUs.

Continuously throughout the process of developing Engine Control Units (ECU), the ECU and its control functions need to be dimensioned and tested for the engine itself. Since interaction between an ECU and a physical engine is both expensive and inflexible, software models of the engine are often used instead. One such test system, where an ECU interacts with software models, is called Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL). This thesis describes a model constructed to facilitate implementation on a HiL testbed. The model, derived in Matlab/Simulink, is a Cylinder-by-Cylinder Engine Model (CCEM) reconstructing the angle synchronous torque of a diesel engine. To validate the model, it has been parameterised for the DaimlerChrysler engine OM646, a straight turbocharged four cylinder diesel engine, and tested towards measured data from a Mercedes-Benz C220 test vehicle. Due to hardware related problems, validation could only be performed for low engine speeds where the model shows good results. Future work around this theme ought to include further validation of the model as well as implementation on HiL.

No description available.

Orientador: Ernesto Ruppert Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T07:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BotegaJunior_MarioLuis_M.pdf: 1447513 bytes, checksum: 91c0153964976e48e3a2bd1b53873ac8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um avaliador de desempenho de processadores digitais para utilização em aplicações de controle de motores de indução trifásicos, .especialmente aquelas destinadas a aplicações de baixo custo e adequadas a produtos de consumo. A concepção destes produtos exige que o processador seja corretamente dimensionado uma vez que o custo deste dispositivo é significativo face ao custo total do acionamento. .O método de avaliação aqui proposto utiliza um conjunto de métricas que permite predizer se um dado processador irá atender às restrições de tempo impostas pela aplicação, de forma a escalonar todas as tarefas que a compõe, bem como estimará o tamanho da memória de programa necessária para implementá-la. Os dados de diversos processadores disponíveis comercialmente foram aplicados no método de avaliação aqui proposto e um deles foi utilizado no desenvolvimento de um protótipo experimental, onde se coletaram dados para verificar a eficácia do avaliador. Estes resultados, bem como as divergências entre o real e o avaliado, estão apresentados neste trabalho / Abstract: The aim of this work is to show a digital processor performance simulator, to be used in three-phase induction motor control, specially those which are used in low cost products. The conception of these products demands the correct processor's specification, because its cost is expressive facing the overall drive's cost. The proposed simulation method uses a metrics set which enables to predict if one microprocessor will be in compliance with timing constraints imposed by the application in order to schedule all the software tasks, as well will estimate the necessary program memory size to implement it. Several commercially available microprocessor's data, were used with this simulation method and one of them were chose to be used in an experimental laboratory prototype, in order to collect data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results, as well the divergences between experimental and simulation, are shown in this work / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

O crescimento populacional e a consequente demanda adicional de alimentos exigem uma agricultura cada vez mais intensa e tecnificada. Essa conjuntura tem contribuído para se buscar a maximização do rendimento das culturas, além da otimização do uso de recursos, em especial, fertilizantes e água. Nos sistemas que aplicam a fertirrigação, como é o caso do cultivo hidropônico, realizam-se o manejo químico da solução nutritiva mediante monitoramento da concentração salina com condutivímetro portátil. Essa prática comum entre os produtores pode ocasionar desequilíbrios nutricionais, tendo em vista que a leitura fornecida por esse aparelho não distingue os nutrientes especificamente. Contudo, o desenvolvimento e a disponibilização de novos sensores, como os eletrodos de íon específico, permite explorar novas estratégias de monitoramento e controle de nutrientes em soluções. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar um sistema eletrônico de controle automático da concentração de nitrato em solução nutritiva por meio de um sensor de íon seletivo. O sistema desenvolvido constou, basicamente, de um Sistema de Aquisição, Processamento e Acionamento (SIAPEA), o qual realizava o processamento do sinal de sensores e o acionamento de atuadores (válvulas solenoides); um sensor seletivo a íons de nitrato; um sensor de pH; e, um sistema de injeção de solução concentrada comandada por pulsos elétricos enviados pelo SIAPEA. Além da comunicação com computador, via serial RS-232, o SIAPEA possuía uma interface amigável com o usuário, por meio de LCD, para exibição dos resultados, e botões de navegação. Assim, possibilitava-se ao usuário alterar a concentração de ajuste desejada para a solução nutritiva. Construiu-se uma bancada hidropônica para os testes do sistema, com quatro perfis, um reservatório de 120 L e bombas para circulação da solução, sendo que, para a inserção do sensor de nitrato na bancada, montou-se uma unidade de leitura. O ajuste automático da concentração da solução foi baseado em uma lógica de controle proporcional, a qual é fundamentada na diferença entre as entradas e saídas do controlador, sendo que cada ciclo de ação do controlador (medição da concentração da solução nutritiva e injeção de solução concentrada) tinha uma duração de 20 s. O valor inicial de concentração de nitrato na solução nutritiva era cerca de 524 mg L-1, sob vazão constante de 0,1 L s-1, injetando-se solução concentrada de nitrato de potássio de 30000 mg L-1 na tubulação de retorno, próximo ao reservatório, e realizando a medição à jusante do bombeamento. Realizaram-se ensaios para valores finais da concentração de 780, 1002 e 1445 mg L-1, sendo coletadas amostras de 15 mL em tempos definidos, para se determinar a concentração de nitrato no espectrofotômetro. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a eficiência da lógica de controle aplicada na automação, além do desempenho satisfatório do sistema em manter a concentração do nitrato no intervalo desejado. Para aquelas concentrações finais desejadas os tempos requeridos pelo sistema para os respectivos ajustes foram cerca de 12, 22 e 35 min, após o início dos testes. / The population growth and the consequent demand for food require an increasingly intensive and technified agriculture. This scenario has contributed to find the maximization of crop yield, besides the optimization of the use of the resources, as water and fertilizers. In the systems which apply fertigation, as in the case of hydroponic, the chemical management of the nutrient solution is done by monitoring the salinity with portable conductivity meters. Although it is a common practice among farmers, it can cause nutritional imbalances, considering that the reading provided by this device does not distinguish specific nutrients. Nevertheless, the development and availability of new sensors, such as specific ion electrodes, allows exploring new strategies for monitoring and control nutrient solutions. Given the above, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an electronic automatic control of nitrate concentration in nutrient solution by means of an ion-selective sensor. The developed system consisted basically of a System for Acquisition, Processing and Actuation (SIAPEA), which performed the signal processing sensors and drive actuators (solenoid valves); ion-selective nitrate sensor; pH sensor; and a system to inject concentrated solution commanded by electrical pulses sent by SIAPEA. Besides communication with computer via serial RS-232, the SIAPEA had a user-friendly interface through LCD to display the results, and navigation buttons. Thus, the user was enabled to change the concentration of desired adjustment to the nutrient solution. A hydroponic bench was constructed to test the system, with four flat bottomed gently sloped channels, a 120 L reservoir and pumps to circulate solution, and, for the insertion of the nitrate sensor on the bench, a reading unit was mounted. The automatic adjustment of the concentration of the solution was based on a proportional control logic, which is based on the difference between the inputs and outputs of the controller, with each cycle controller action (measurement of nutrient solution concentration and injection of concentrated solution) had 20 s of duration. The initial concentration of nitrate in the nutrient solution was about 524 mg L-1 under a constant flow of 0.1 L s-1, injecting concentrated solution of potassium nitrate to 30,000 mg L-1 in the return pipe, near the reservoir, and performing the measurement downstream of the pumping. Assays were performed for different final values of concentration of 780, 1002 and 1445 mg L-1, collecting samples of 15 mL at defined times to determine the concentration of nitrate in a spectrophotometer. The results proved the efficiency of the logic of control applied in automation, beyond the proper performance of the system to maintain the concentration of nitrate in the desired range. For those desired final concentrations, the times required by the system for the respective adjustments were approximately 12, 22 and 35 min after the start of the tests.

This master's thesis deals with the issue of software tools for automated integrational ECU testing. It is specifically focused on TestAut 2 tool, which is developed by e4t company and used for testing of Skoda cars. Goal of this thesis is comparison of TestAut 2 against similar tools used in automotive industry. This work contains analysis of TestAut 2 tooland description of principles and features of EXAM, MODENA and PROVEtech tools. Set of principles considerd as advantageous is chosen from collected information. Next part of this thesis describes implementation of chosen principles to TestAut 2 tool, verification ofit's functionality and evaluation of it's benefits. In the conclusion author suggests another improvements that can be done.