Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-13T13:37:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3391275 bytes, checksum: 21fa5584131c69274496290dee7e6d52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-13T13:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3391275 bytes, checksum: 21fa5584131c69274496290dee7e6d52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: it is undeniable that the evolution of mobile computing devices, associated with the development of capacities for operation in wireless network, potencializes new ways to use them for nursing care provision, enabling to extend information systems up with the patient. Objectives: to developing an application for mobile device that allows data logging for systematization of nursing care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and implementing the prototype allowing to identify the nurses' perception about their use. Method: this is a methodological research of applied type, developed in the NICU of the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, located in the city of João Pessoa, PB. The main technologies used for the development of software were the Ruby programming language, Ruby on Rails and JavaScript; Bootstrap framework; Ubuntu Linux production server, Nginx Webserver and PostgreSQL Database Management System. The software was developed in the period from May to September 2014 and used by nurses for thirty days, from 9th September to 9th October 2014. The study included five nurses who develop their activities in the NICU. To evaluating the application there was developed a semi-structured questionnaire and the results analyzed through the content thematic analysis of the method Bardin. There were obeyed guidelines inherent in the research protocol contained in Resolution No. 466/12, National Health Council (CNS). The project was approved and registered with the National Information System on Ethics in Research involving Human Subjects, with CAAE-25890914.5.0000.5183. Results: with respect to mobile technology used, in general, nurses do not present difficulties, because they have familiarity with this type of device. Those who experienced difficulties with the frequent use of the system, the obstacles were minimized. Overall, it is emphasized that the application includes features for SAE in NICU, but changes are suggested as the interface of screens and some terms of data collection and parameters available by the applicable. In the view of the study participants, the main contributions of software for mobile technology are: agility to develop and document the SAE, freedom of movement, evaluation of standardization of the newborn, time optimization in carrying out bureaucratic activities, ability to retrieve information and reducing the physical space occupied. Conclusion: therefore, a system for SAE in mobile technology allows flexibility in carrying out registration activities by the nurse, since the data collection can be performed at the bedside; in addition, offers numerous advantages to this professional work routine. / Introdução: É inegável que a evolução dos dispositivos de computação móvel, associada ao desenvolvimento das capacidades para operar em rede sem fios, potencializa novas formas de utilizá-los na prestação dos cuidados de enfermagem e estende os sistemas de informação até o paciente. Objetivos: Desenvolver um aplicativo para dispositivo móvel que possibilite o registro de dados para a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e implementar o protótipo para identificar a percepção dos enfermeiros quanto ao seu uso. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica do tipo aplicada, desenvolvida na UTIN do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, localizado no município de João Pessoa-PB. As principais tecnologias utilizadas para o desenvolvimento do software foram: a linguagem de programação Ruby, Ruby on Rails e JavaScript; o framework Bootstrap; o servidor de produção Ubuntu Linux, Nginx Webserver e o Sistema de Gerenciamento de Banco de Dados PostgreSQL. O software foi desenvolvido no período de maio a setembro de 2014 e utilizado pelas enfermeiras durante trinta dias - de 09 de setembro a 09 de outubro de 2014. Participaram do estudo cinco enfermeiras que desenvolvem suas atividades na UTI Neonatal. Para avaliar o aplicativo, foi elaborado um questionário semiestruturado, e os resultados, analisados através do método de análise temática de conteúdo de Bardin. A pesquisa obedeceu às orientações inerentes ao protocolo de pesquisa contido na Resolução nº 466/12 CNS. O projeto foi aprovado e registrado no Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Ética em Pesquisa envolvendo Seres Humanos com CAAE-25890914.5.0000.5183. Resultados: No que se refere à tecnologia móvel utilizada, em geral, as enfermeiras não apresentaram dificuldades, pois se familiarizam com esse tipo de dispositivo. Quanto às que sentiram dificuldades, com o frequente uso do sistema, os obstáculos foram minimizados. De maneira geral, o aplicativo dispõe das funções necessárias para a SAE em UTI Neonatal, mas se sugerem alterações quanto à interface das telas e alguns termos da coleta de dados e parâmetros disponibilizados pelo aplicativo. Na opinião dos participantes do estudo, as principais contribuições do software para tecnologia móvel são: agilidade em desenvolver e documentar a SAE, liberdade de movimentação, padronização da avaliação do recém-nascido, otimização de tempo na realização de atividades burocráticas, possibilidade de resgatar informações e redução do espaço físico ocupado. Conclusão: Um sistema para SAE em tecnologia móvel possibilita a flexibilidade na realização das atividades de registro pelo enfermeiro, uma vez que a coleta de dados pode ser realizada à beira do leito. Além disso, proporciona inúmeras vantagens ao cotidiano de trabalho desse profissional.

As Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) are growing, there have been ceaseless efforts to develop a National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII). One of the challenges in constructing a NHII is concerned with the management of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). In particular, exchanging EHRs is an important factor in establishing interoperability within a NHII, and the reusability of the functionality for exchanging EHRs is one of major solutions to construct an NHII. In this study, we obtain several component models, and conduct empirical studies to validate the component models in terms of component reusability. Using HL7 CDA (Health Level 7 Clinical Document Architecture) as an EHR standard, we implemented three prototypes of the EHR Exchanger based on JavaBeans, the exogenous connectors and the mediator connector respectively. As shown in the experiment results, the reuse approach using a mediator connector leads to better component reusability in terms of external dependency, total coupling between objects (CBO), additional lines of codes (LOC), and performance. Thus, we believe that the reuse approach using a mediator connector yields many benefits in terms of component reusability for the EHR Exchanger implementation.

Les dossiers patients électroniques contiennent des informations importantes pour la santé publique. La majeure partie de ces informations est contenue dans des documents rédigés en langue naturelle. Bien que le texte texte soit pertinent pour décrire des concepts médicaux complexes, il est difficile d'utiliser cette source de données pour l'aide à la décision, la recherche clinique ou l'analyse statistique.Parmi toutes les informations cliniques intéressantes présentes dans ces dossiers, la chronologie médicale du patient est l'une des plus importantes. Être capable d'extraire automatiquement cette chronologie permettrait d'acquérir une meilleure connaissance de certains phénomènes cliniques tels que la progression des maladies et les effets à long-terme des médicaments. De plus, cela permettrait d'améliorer la qualité des systèmes de question--réponse et de prédiction de résultats cliniques. Par ailleurs, accéder aux chronologiesmédicales est nécessaire pour évaluer la qualité du parcours de soins en le comparant aux recommandations officielles et pour mettre en lumière les étapes de ce parcours auxquelles une attention particulière doit être portée.Dans notre thèse, nous nous concentrons sur la création de ces chronologies médicales en abordant deux questions connexes en traitement automatique des langues: l'extraction d'informations temporelles et la résolution de la coréférence dans des documents cliniques.Concernant l'extraction d'informations temporelles, nous présentons une approche générique pour l'extraction de relations temporelles basée sur des traits catégoriels. Cette approche peut être appliquée sur des documents écrits en anglais ou en français. Puis, nous décrivons une approche neuronale pour l'extraction d'informations temporelles qui inclut des traits catégoriels.La deuxième partie de notre thèse porte sur la résolution de la coréférence. Nous décrivons une approche neuronale pour la résolution de la coréférence dans les documents cliniques. Nous menons une étude empirique visant à mesurer l'effet de différents composants neuronaux, tels que les mécanismes d'attention ou les représentations au niveau des caractères, sur la performance de notre approche. / Important information for public health is contained within Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The vast majority of clinical data available in these records takes the form of narratives written in natural language. Although free text is convenient to describe complex medical concepts, it is difficult to use for medical decision support, clinical research or statistical analysis.Among all the clinical aspects that are of interest in these records, the patient timeline is one of the most important. Being able to retrieve clinical timelines would allow for a better understanding of some clinical phenomena such as disease progression and longitudinal effects of medications. It would also allow to improve medical question answering and clinical outcome prediction systems. Accessing the clinical timeline is needed to evaluate the quality of the healthcare pathway by comparing it to clinical guidelines, and to highlight the steps of the pathway where specific care should be provided.In this thesis, we focus on building such timelines by addressing two related natural language processing topics which are temporal information extraction and clinical event coreference resolution.Our main contributions include a generic feature-based approach for temporal relation extraction that can be applied to documents written in English and in French. We devise a neural based approach for temporal information extraction which includes categorical features.We present a neural entity-based approach for coreference resolution in clinical narratives. We perform an empirical study to evaluate how categorical features and neural network components such as attention mechanisms and token character-level representations influence the performance of our coreference resolution approach.

This thesis investigates expectations of and experiences with eHealth services that allow users access to their health information. Although eHealth services are endorsed by many politicians and patients, they are met with strong resistance by health care professionals. Lacking this support hinders the uptake of the full potential of the service, especially with relation to patient participation and empowerment. This research investigates the frames of reference that are constructed by stakeholders in relation to eHealth services, such as direct-to-consumer genetic testing and electronic health records. The results are based on empirical data gathered during an experiment with media informatics students in Germany, and from interviews with physicians in Uppsala, Sweden. The eHealth services in question were framed by the participants of the conducted studies as potentially harmful for its users. The negative expectations were based mainly on a generalized view of patients as not sufficiently knowledgable and hence unable to understand the health information provided by the service. The participants in the reported studies (physicians and students in their role as designers) felt a responsibility to prevent any potential harm for the users of the eHealth service. Due to the framing based on assumed negative consequences for a supposedly vulnerable user group, the participants preferred to advocate against access rather than for patient empowerment and participation. Accessing health information was associated as holding little value for the users. This research enhances the understanding of the elements underlying this skepticism and concern. It shows that a specific view of patients and/or prospective users of an eHealth system can result in incongruent technological frames and value attribution. In line with participatory and value-sensitive design approaches as well as the aim to increase technology acceptance, patients and health care professionals should not only be included in the design process but also engage in joint activities in order to enable reframing. / Avhandlingen undersöker förväntningar på och erfarenheter av e-hälsotjänster som ger användare tillgång till sin egen hälsoinformation. Även om e-hälsotjänster har fått stöd av många politiker och patienter har de mötts av starkt motstånd från sjukvårdspersonal. Utan deras stöd blir det svårt att realisera tjänstens fulla potential, särskilt när det gäller patientens delaktighet och egenmakt.Forskningen undersöker de referensramar som konstrueras av intressenter för att förstå e-hälsotjänster, till exempel genetisk testning direkt till konsument och elektroniska patientjournaler. Resultaten baseras dels på empiriska data som samlats in i ett experiment med studenter i Tyskland, dels på intervjuer med läkare i Uppsala.De undersökta e-hälsotjänsterna upplevdes (were framed) av studiernas deltagare som potentiellt skadliga för användarna. De negativa förväntningarna baserades huvudsakligen på en allmän syn på patienter som inte tillräckligt kunniga och därmed oförmögna att förstå tjänstens hälsoinformation. Deltagarna i de rapporterade studierna (läkare och studenter i rollen som formgivare) kände ansvar för att förhindra eventuella skador för e-hälsotjänstens användare. Beroende på de förväntat negativa följderna för de förmodat utsatta patientgrupperna föredrog undersökningens deltagare att ta ställning emot patienternas åtkomst snarare än att ta ställning för deras deltagande och ökade egenmakt. Att ha tillgång till hälsoinformation bedömdes vara av lågt värde för användarna.Forskningen ökar förståelsen av de element som ligger till grund för deltagarnas upplevda skepsis och oro. Den visar att en specifik bild av patienter och/eller framtida användare av ett e-hälsosystemet kan leda till inkongruenta tekniska referensramar och värdebedömningar. I linje med inriktningarna deltagande design och värdebaserade design samt målet att öka teknisk acceptans, bör patienter och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal inte bara ingå i designprocessen, utan också delta i gemensamma aktiviteter för att möjliggöra omtolkningar av sina tekniska referens- ramar.

This study is a qualitative research on the faciliating and impeding factors that influence Hong Kong citizen's adoption of Electronic Health Record Sharing System (eHRSS), the principal electronic health record (EHR) system in Hong Kong.  A majority of the previous studies of EHR among information systems (IS) literature either focused within the institutional or technological perspectives, or on the perspectives of healthcare institutions or healthcare professionals. Little research has been done from citizens' perspective on factors of their adoption of EHR. There is also little research specific to Hong Kong's circumstances. This research aims to provide an enhanced understanding on the factors that influence citizens' EHR adoption through looking into eHRSS adoption in Hong Kong. It aims to provide contributions to bridge the knowledge gaps by providing a better understanding on adoption factors from citizens' perspective, and investigate into whether there are any unique factors applicable to Hong Kong. In this study, semi-structured interviews had been performed on participants covering various age groups to collect their views and opinions concering their adoption of eHRSS. With reference to theoretical constructs on user acceptance and adoption, this study identifies four facilitating factors for citizens' adoption of eHRSS, namely (i) knowledge, (ii) trust, (iii) perceived potential health benefits and (iv) flexibility and "stickiness" of continual use. Four impeding factors for citizens' non-adoption were also identified, namely (i) difficulty in registration, low level/lack of trust in EHR implementation, (iii) negativity on acceptance of new technology and (iv) perceived difficulty in usage.  In the concluding remarks, way forward for future research has been outlined. Practical recommendations have also been formulated for reference by relevant authorities in administering eHRSS in Hong Kong.

The introduction of federal initiatives and incentives regarding health information technology fostered a movement towards the adoption of electronic health records (EHR). Implementation of EHRs sparked discussions among healthcare providers, patients, and others about the benefits or challenges of the move from the traditional paper method to the electronic version in healthcare settings. A knowledge gap in research involving the usefulness of EHRs and their impact to the delivery of care in other settings exists. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore public health providers' perceptions of the meaningful use of EHRs in a disaster setting. Study participants were public health providers from Louisiana recruited via criterion sampling and snowball sampling. A qualitative, phenomenological design was used to gain understanding of the public health providers' experiences with and perceptions of EHRs in a disaster setting. Data were collected from 7 public health providers using in-depth interviews and reflective journal notes. The data were analyzed for patterns and themes using the hermeneutic circle method. The study findings indicate that individuals want to be involved in designing their system and adjusting workflow in the workplace setting. The majority of participants concluded that EHR systems are beneficial in the disaster setting, but there were no impacts to improving health outcomes. The findings provide policymakers, public health departments, healthcare providers, emergency managers, and communities needed information on the potential impact of EHRs in the disaster setting on improving safe and effective care.

Information technology (IT) has been rapidly integrated into the healthcare industry, including nursing, and has the ability to reduce errors, cut cost, and enhance patient care. However, approximately 45% of the current nurse workforce lacks adequate training in computer skills, which may hinder the adoption of health-related IT in the workplace. Characteristics of Rogers's diffusion of innovation (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability) guided this project. This project was conducted to address the problem of IT adoption on a local level and was designed to assess whether simulation training on a generic electronic health record (EHR) system would improve the knowledge, skill, and attitude of nurses with little or no experience with EHR. A convenience sample of nurses (n = 13) unfamiliar with EHR was obtained by posting flyers in long-term care or home health agencies. The nurses completed the P.A.T.C.H. assessment scale v. 3 (2011) before and after participating in the one-time simulation training on EHR. Scores on the P.A.T.C.H. were calculated according to the established scoring system and revealed a positive increase nurses' attitude and self-efficacy toward the EHR system. Posttest scores yielded an increase ranging from 0.5 to 5 points from pretest scores, with an average pretest score of 54.23 on a scale of 0-100. The results of this project are consistent with the literature and current research and illustrate the importance of addressing the need for interactive training. This project contributes to social change in practice by enhancing the awareness of EHR in nurses who are new users of IT and promoting the adoption of technology in healthcare.

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