Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-20T12:31:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Botelho Pedrosa.pdf: 1800527 bytes, checksum: 11a367f2109b6bdb35c4c412d6888313 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T12:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Botelho Pedrosa.pdf: 1800527 bytes, checksum: 11a367f2109b6bdb35c4c412d6888313 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-06 / The advancement of technology and the significant increase in radio networks and telecommunications, causes, increasingly, people are exposed and immersed in electromagnetic fields, the effects appear to be controversial and parameter-dependent, and short-term can not represent an imminent risk when applied in a controlled manner, however, as these will behave with the immersion chronic forms in our daily lives is inconclusive and without sufficient studies. On the other hand, the short-wave electromagnetic fields (27.12 MHz) represent an alternative in treatment with electrotherapies for pains and inflammatory processes that affect millions of people worldwide. This work conducted application of short wave field into three groups of Wistar rats divided by daily exposure times of 15, 30 and 60 consecutive days and controls was studied the effects of electromagnetic fields may generate the testes and on spermatogenesis. With such irradiation observed changes primarily on Leydig cells and a variation in testosterone dose between groups, as well as a reduction in long-term prostate weight. Although no alterations in testicular weights and no indication of lesions histopathology with optical microscopy. / O avanço da tecnologia e o aumento significativo das redes de radiofrequências e telecomunicações, faz com que, cada vez mais, as pessoas fiquem expostas e imersas em campos eletromagnéticos, cujos efeitos aparentam ser controversos e parâmetro-dependentes, e a curto prazo podem não representar um risco iminente quando aplicados de forma controlada, no entanto, como estes comportar-se-ão com a imersão de formas crônicas em nosso cotidiano é inconclusivo e sem estudos suficientes. Por outro lado, os campos eletromagnéticos de ondas curtas (27,12 MHz) representam uma alternativa nos tratamentos com eletroterapias para algias e processos inflamatórios, que atingem milhares de pessoas pelo mundo. Este trabalho realizou aplicação do campo de ondas curtas em três grupos de ratos wistar divididos pelos tempos de exposição diário em 15, 30 e 60 dias consecutivos e seus controles, foi estudado os efeitos que os campos eletromagnéticos podem gerar nos testículos e sobre a espermatogênese. Com esta irradiação observou-se mudanças principalmente sobre as células de Leydig e uma variação na dosagem de testosterona entre os grupos, bem como uma diminuição do peso da próstata a longo prazo. Embora não tenham ocorridas alterações nos pesos testiculares e nenhum indicativo de lesões na análise histopatológica com a microscopia óptica.

Knowledge of cell electronics has led to their integration to medicine either by physically interfacing electronic devices with biological systems or by using electronics for both detection and characterization of biological materials. In this dissertation, an electrical impedance sensor (EIS) was used to measure the electrode surface impedance changes from cell samples of human and environmental toxicity of nanoscale materials in 2D and 3D cell culture models. The impedimetric response of human lung fibroblasts and rainbow trout gill epithelial cells when exposed to various nanomaterials was tested to determine their kinetic effects towards the cells and to demonstrate the biosensor’s ability to monitor nanotoxicity in real-time. Further, the EIS allowed rapid, real-time and multi-sample analysis creating a versatile, noninvasive tool that is able to provide quantitative information with respect to alteration in cellular function. We then extended the application of the unique capabilities of the EIS to do real-time analysis of cancer cell response to externally applied alternating electric fields at different intermediate frequencies and low-intensity. Decreases in the growth profiles of the ovarian and breast cancer cells were observed with the application of 200 and 100 kHz, respectively, indicating specific inhibitory effects on dividing cells in culture in contrast to the non-cancerous HUVECs and mammary epithelial cells. We then sought to enhance the effects of the electric field by altering the cancer cell’s electronegative membrane properties with HER2 antibody functionalized nanoparticles. An Annexin V/EthD-III assay and zeta potential were performed to determine the cell death mechanism indicating apoptosis and a decrease in zeta potential with the incorporation of the nanoparticles. With more negatively charged HER2-AuNPs attached to the cancer cell membrane, the decrease in membrane potential would thus leave the cells more vulnerable to the detrimental effects of the applied electric field due to the decrease in surface charge. Therefore, by altering the cell membrane potential, one could possibly control the fate of the cell. This whole cell-based biosensor will enhance our understanding of the responsiveness of cancer cells to electric field therapy and demonstrate potential therapeutic opportunities for electric field therapy in the treatment of cancer.

My thesis is focused on design of a microwave diathermy therapeutic machine. Its main goal is to improve a shape, technical solution, ergonomics and visual aspects of nowadays microwave diathermy machines and to innovate this part of technology, ergonomics, economics and the usage of this device on the field of physiotherapeutical care.

This research explores the meaning of learning as a process of social participation in clinical practice. The study focused on six first‐year student physiotherapists during a period of early clinical experience on a work integrated learning programme. The programme was unique at the time of the study in that it placed students in clinical settings from the first week of their undergraduate experience. The research applied a case study design and qualitative data were gathered from each student via on‐line learning journals, reflection lines and pre/post experience interviews. Data were analysed, between and within cases, to develop a sense of progressive narrative through the experiences made significant by each participant over the course of the clinical experience. An abductive logic was applied to develop a more theoretical explanation of learning as participation in clinical practice for each participant. The study concludes that these individuals adopted an agentic approach and recognised the benefit to their learning of proactively seeking opportunities to get involved in practice. Interaction with a range of co‐participants was valued, for a variety of reasons. Students were more willing to discuss their own deficits and ask questions of junior clinicians. Interactions with senior clinicians were more likely to challenge and extend the students' practice. Interactions with non‐physiotherapy colleagues in the multidisciplinary team were valued for the different perspectives they offered. Students valued participation in situations where they could assume greater responsibility, as long as their efforts were recognised by the clinical educator. Participants did not always see value in “routine” practice where there was little opportunity to be involved in decision making or discussion, describing their involvement as being “an extra pair of hands”. Participants described their performance of secondary Discourses of practice in the construction of their respective identities, which I describe as productive worker, trustworthy student, engaged student and junior professional. These Discourses supported participants' bids for recognition and progressive involvement in communities of clinical practice. However, where the participant identity was associated too strongly with a particular Discourse the educator could restrict access to learning opportunities. Participants dis‐identified themselves from Discourses that conflicted with individual habitus and conveyed lack of care or unethical behaviour. Where power relations challenged the possibility of overt rejection, participants were strategic and excluded these Discourses from their future, rather than current repertoires. At the start of their early clinical experience, participants expressed a desire to “learn by doing” and “learn on the job”. These cases demonstrate that even at an early stage of experience, participants were contributing to the productivity of the workplace and they felt valued when their contributions were recognised. These cases demonstrate that mutual relations support participation but require ongoing negotiation. Considering mutuality as a mechanism for participation in early clinical experience can support analysis of the ways in which social relations support both learning and work objectives. Mutuality as a mechanism for participation requires the learner and educator to recognise these dual objectives. Changing conditions of practice can threaten mutuality. Where a threat occurs, it is countered by adaptive practices that continue to support mutuality in terms of engagement, repertoire and enterprise with the community of clinical practice.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of the first study was to evaluate the plasma concentration of diclofenac sodium (DS) in dogs submitted to diclofenac phonophoresis and to evaluate if phonophoresis induces greater absorption of this drug. .Five dogs were used in eight different groups at different times: Group 1, application of ultrasound for six minutes, removal of the ultrasound gel and topical application of two grams of DS gel for six minutes; Group 2, topical application of two grams of DS gel for six minutes; Group 3 topical application of two grams of DS gel and then covering it with common gel to apply ultrasound for six minutes; Group 4, similar to Group 1, but the ultrasound device was switched off; Group 5, similar to Group 3, but the ultrasound device was switched off, Group 6, the application of ultrasound was performed using only two grams of DS; Group 7, similar to Group 6, but the ultrasound device was switched off and Group 8, oral administration of 40mg of DS. The application area was 20cm². It was used a frequency of 1MHz, continuous ultrasound and intensity of 0,4W cm-2. Blood collections were performed before treatment (T0), 1h (T1) and 4h (T2) after ultrasound application for all groups. DS concentrations in plasma were measured by high performance liquid choramatohraphy (HPLC). There was significant increase of DS plasma concentration only at T1 in the Group 8. It was no possible to detect any concentration of DS in the plasma of dogs after topical application of DS, even after DS phonophoresis. The facilitation of transdermal penetration by ultrasound has not been verified under the protocol specified in this research. The aim of the second study was to use medium frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in femoral quadriceps of dogs with induced muscular atrophy, evaluate the occurrence of gain in mass in these muscles and to compare NMES in different periods of treatment. Eight dogs, weighing between 15 and 25kg, were randomly placed in two groups: GI (NMES for 30min), GII, (NMES for 60min). For the induction of the muscular atrophy, the right femoral-tibial-patellar joint was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. NMES was carried out in the dogs of groups, three times a week, with an interval of 48h between each session, during 60 days. The parameters measured were: thigh perimetry, knee goniometry, creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle, collected through a muscular biopsy. There was no significant difference regarding the values of thigh perimetry and CK enzyme activity. The goniometry presented a significant increase (P<0.05) in the groups GI and GII at 30 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. As for the morphometry of the fibers of the vastus lateralis, a significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in the transversal area of the treated groups GI e GII at 90 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. Thus, it can be concluded that NMES of medium frequency brings about hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after induced muscular atrophy. NMES for 60min (GII) presents a greater muscular gain related to the GI / Esta tese foi dividida em duas pesquisas distintas utilizando fonoforese e eletroterapia, na primeira pesquisa o objetivo foi constatar a concentração plasmática de diclofenaco sódico emulgel em cães com ou sem o uso de fonoforese e se a fonoforese induz maior absorção deste fármaco. Para a realização da fonoforese foram utilizados cinco cães em oito grupos distintos, denominados: Grupo1: aplicação de ultrassom (US) por 6 minutos, remoção do gel com papel toalha e após aplicação de dois gramas de diclofenaco sódico (DS) emulgel permanecendo por 6 minutos; Grupo2: aplicação de dois gramas de DS emulgel tópico permanecendo por 6 minutos; Grupo3 aplicação de dois gramas de DS emulgel, posteriormente recobrindo-o com gel comum para acoplamento e realizado US pelo tempo de 6 minutos; Grupo4: repetiu-se o protocolo do Grupo1 com o ultrassom desligado; Grupo5: repetiu-se o protocolo do Grupo3 com o ultrassom desligado; Grupo6: aplicação de dois gramas de DS emulgel tópico e realizado diretamente sobre este o US pelo tempo de 6 minutos; Grupo7: repetiu-se o protocolo do Grupo6 com o ultrassom desligado; Grupo8: administração oral de um comprimido de DS (40mg) por animal. A área de aplicação foi de 20cm². A frequência do ultrassom foi de 1MHz, modo contínuo, com intensidade de 0,4W cm-2. Realizou-se a coleta de amostra sanguínea antes de executar os protocolos (Tempo zero), após uma hora (Tempo 1) e após 4 horas da aplicação (Tempo 2) em todos os grupos e posterior análise das mesmas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Houve diferença (P<0,05) apenas no Tempo 1 do Grupo8. Não foi possível verificar concentração plasmática de diclofenaco sódico com aplicação tópica, em cães submetidos ou não à fonoforese, apenas quantificou-se o diclofenaco sódico pela administração via oral. A facilitação da penetração transdérmica pelo ultrassom não foi verificada sob o protocolo especificado nesta pesquisa. Na segunda pesquisa o objetivo foi avaliar a ocorrência de ganho de massa muscular utilizando a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular de média freqüência (corrente de Kotz 2500Hz) no músculo quadríceps femoral de cães com atrofia muscular induzida e comparar a EENM sob diferentes tempos de tratamento. Para a realização da eletroterapia foram utilizados oito cães, pesando entre 15 e 25kg e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados de GI (30minutos) e GII (60minutos). Para a indução da atrofia muscular, a articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar direita foi imobilizada por 30 dias por transfixação percutânea tipo II. Foi realizada a EENM nos cães dos grupos GI e GII três vezes por semana, com intervalo mínimo de 48 horas entre cada sessão, pelo período de 60 dias. Foram mensuradas a perimetria das coxas, goniometria dos joelhos, atividade da enzima creatina-quinase (CK) e morfometria das fibras musculares do vasto lateral em cortes transversais colhido mediante a biópsia muscular. Não houve diferença quanto aos valores da perimetria da coxa e atividade da enzima CK. A goniometria revelou significância (P<0,05) nos grupos GI e GII entre os tempos zero e 30. Os grupos GI e GII tiveram aumento significativo (P<0,05) da área de secção quando comparados com o dia zero e noventa. Pode-se concluir que a EENM de média freqüência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após atrofia muscular induzida. A EENM com duração de 60minutos (GII) promove um maior ganho de massa muscular em relação ao GI.

The electrical stimulation (ES) according to Jantsch was created with a primary aim to reduce spasticity, however its impact has been neither proved nor disproved by any study. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to find out if this type of the ES can reduce spasticity of m. triceps surae within the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Apart from the spasticity, there was as well observed the influence of the ES on an active movement performed by the antagonists of spastic muscle and the walking speed. Fifteen probands participated in our pilot controlled non- randomized study, probands were divided into two groups - first with the application of the ES (STIM) and second without the application of the ES (NOSTIM) during the hospitalization. We used the concept of Jean-Michel Graciese - Five-step clinical assessment in spastic paresis during the examination process. From this protocol, we choose Tardieu scale to measure spasticity, examination to measure active range of motion and 10MWT. Furthermore, TUG was added. The measurements took place on the 1st, 4th and 8th day of the hospitalization. The intragroup difference was evaluated by the ANOVA for repetitive measures with Fisher's post- hoc test and the level of importance p=0.05. From acquired data it follows that the ES according to Jantsch...

The effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on human EEG and brain current density were evaluated by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). A total of 72 research subjects were provided with a single session of CES, 38 were provided with 0.5 Hz CES while 34 were provided with 100 Hz CES. The qEEG paired t-tests revealed that in both frequencies of CES there was a significant (.05) increase in alpha relative power with concomitant decreases in delta and beta relative power. The 0.5 Hz CES decreased a wider frequency range of delta activity, while the 100 Hz CES decreased a wider frequency range of beta activity; suggesting some difference may exist in the EEG response to different frequencies of CES. The changes found in qEEG relative power were consistent with the affective and cognitive effects of CES reported in the literature, such as increased relaxation and decreased anxiety. Statistically significant changes for qEEG values other than relative power, such as coherence, amplitude asymmetry, phase lag and power ratios were also found. The LORETA paired t-tests found statistically significant (.05) increases in cortical and subcortical theta and alpha frequency current density with concomitant decreases in delta and beta current density. The effects of CES on current density varied by frequency, but did not show a differential in response based on proximity to the contacts, or structures within the brain. Statistically significant changes in current density were found in all 2394 gray matter voxels represented by LORETA, indicating a whole brain response to the CES stimulus. The qEEG and LORETA findings revealed that a single 20-minute session of CES does have a significant effect on the cortical and subcortical activity of the human brain resulting in activity consistent with decreased anxiety and increased relaxation.

The master thesis Equipment for electrotherapy treats of electropathic theraphy, which is one of the main physiotherapics metod. The paper contains two principal parts. In the first part are describe effects of electric current for human organism and the medical utilization of electric current in physiotherapy. The second part of the master thesis is address on the concept of the equipment for electrotheraphy. There is analysis of setting from which is coming out the proposal of connection to the particular packets. The full proposal of therapeutic equipment is complete with electric schemes and detailing of components for possibillitty of realization.

1 Abstract Electrical stimulation by coupled impulses according to Hufschmidt was created with the primary goal of reducing spasticity. However, there are currently few studies that confirm or refute the effect of this type of electrical stimulation in reducing spasticity. The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the effect of electrostimulation according to Hufschmidt on the reduction of biceps brachii spasticity in patients after stroke. In addition, the effect of electrical stimulation on increasing the active range of movement of the antagonist of the examined muscle and on the active function of the spastic limb was investigated. For these purposes, a non-randomized controlled pilot study was created, which involved a total of 16 probands, 8 - in the therapeutic group, 8 - in the control group. Five-step clinical assessment in spastic paresis according to Gracies were used for the examination. In the therapeutic group, electrostimulation took place 3 times a week, a total of 8 times. The intragroup difference was evaluated using the Friedman and Wilcoxon paired tests, the intergroup difference was subsequently evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level p = 0.05 applies to all tests. The measured values show that Hufschmidt's electrical stimulation has a positive effect on...

This work is trying to identify possible non-stimulatory effects and distant effects of muscle electrostimulation musculus quadriceps femoris based on a literature search. Furthermore evaluates the influence of High Tone Electrical Stimulation (HTEMS) muscles of lower limbs on the activity of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by heart rate variability, a spectral power in the individual frequency bands. Randomized crossover study involved 20 healthy subjects (12 men and 8 women), average age 24.6 ± 5.6 years. Heart rate variability was evaluated before application of HTEMS and immediately after. Measurements were performed with electrostimulator HiToP 191. The results did not show statistically significant increase in spectral power in the individual frequency bands. The study also deals with the reproducibility of measurements of sensitive and motor threshold for electrostimulation HTEMS method, which was confirmed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)