Orientadores: Luiz Carlos de Freitas, Sueli Carrijo Rodrigues / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:52:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_IvaneteBellucci_D.pdf: 8095925 bytes, checksum: 5fa53a1b0cafbc3ac03539e6f70c5795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Nossa pesquisa mediu a eficiência das escolas públicas cicladas e não cicladas do ensino fundamental, centrando-se nos municípios de Campinas, Belo Horizonte e Rio de Janeiro. Criamos variáveis categorizadas para entender a influência do trabalho pedagógico do professor em relação ao tipo de escola (ciclada e não ciclada) e, simultaneamente, interessou-nos associar esse trabalho pedagógico com um fator que, juntamente com as variáveis de proficiência média em leitura e matemática e a variável nível socioeconômico, tornaram-se determinantes para estabelecer a eficiência das escolas. Também foram igualmente observadas as aplicações de instrumentos compostos por itens utilizados ao longo do projeto GERES em períodos diferentes, os quais determinaram os impactos no desempenho da aprendizagem. Essas aplicações de instrumentos pré-testados e organizados em cadernos de testes de leitura e matemática respeitaram três fases distintas: a de março de 2005, considerada como fase diagnóstica (entrada de dados), e duas outras, a de novembro de 2005 e novembro de 2006, consideradas como de avaliações de desempenho (resultados esperados). Outros instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados para diagnosticar as condições familiares, escolares e da sala de aula durante as etapas de aplicação dos testes. Enriquecendo esses processos, nossa pesquisa apresentou uma contribuição à avaliação de desempenho das escolas públicas, baseada na interação de técnicas multivariadas de dados, notadamente a partir da Análise Fatorial (AF) e da seleção das variáveis mais significativas para a aplicação da metodologia de Análise por Envoltória de Dados (DEA) nesse universo pesquisado. O uso crescente dessa técnica tem sido justificado pelas várias possibilidades de análise de dados que a metodologia apresenta. Tanto a facilidade de uso como a de elaboração de cenários podem ser considerados alguns dos motivos que fizeram com que a técnica fosse cada vez mais aplicada. O modelo DEA facilita a identificação de escolas eficientes e não eficientes e desse modo estabelecer comparações entre as cicladas e não cicladas. Por meio da Análise por Envoltória de Dados foi possível identificar uma baixa discriminação entre as escolas cicladas e não cicladas, portanto, não pudemos afirmar categoricamente que as escolas cicladas ensinam mais do que as não cicladas, mas podemos destacar entre as nossas conclusões, nesta base de dados, que as proficiências médias das escolas cicladas são significativamente maiores do que das não cicladas. Esse resultado não pode ser extrapolado para todas as escolas do ensino fundamental, pois não trabalhamos com uma amostra que representa fielmente o sistema educacional brasileiro; o trabalho pedagógico do professor, associado às proficiências médias das escolas nos testes de leitura e matemática e os seus respectivos níveis socioeconômicos, neste caso analisados pelo estudo longitudinal, valorizou o agrupamento das nossas análises no contexto educacional. / Abstract: Our research measured the efficiency of the cycles education system schools (schools organized by cycles of learning) and the grades system schools (traditional system organized by grades) of elementary public education concentrating in the cities of Campinas, Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro. We created categorized variables so as to understand the influence of the pedagogical work of the teacher in relation to the type of school (cycles system and grades system) and, simultaneously, we were interested in associating this pedagogical work with a factor that, together with the medium proficiency variables in reading and mathematics and the socioeconomic level variable, became determining to establish the schools' efficiency. Also, the applications of instruments composed by items used in the course of GERES Project in different periods were equally observed, which determined the impacts on the learning performance. The applications of these instruments, pre-tested and organized in reading and mathematics tests notebooks, respected three distinct phases: the March, 2005 one, considered as the diagnosis phase (data input) and two others, the November 2005 and the November 2006, considered as performance evaluation (expected results) phases. Other data collection instruments were used to diagnose families, schools and classrooms conditions during all the test application stages. Enriching those processes, our research contributed to the performance evaluation of public schools based on the interaction of data multivariable techniques, especially from the Factorial Analysis (AF) and from the selection of the most significant variables for the application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology in the researched universe. The increasing use of this technique has been explained by the several data analysis possibilities that the methodology allows. Both the easiness to use it and to work out scenarios can be considered some of the reasons which allowed the technique to be more frequently applied. The DEA model makes it easy to identify the efficient and the non-efficient schools thus establishing comparisons between the cycles education system and the grades one. By means of the Data Envelopment Analysis it was possible to observe low prejudice between the cycles system and grades system schools, therefore, we could not categorically state that cycled system schools teach more than grades system schools, however, we can point out among our conclusions, under this database, that the cycled system schools' medium proficiencies are significantly higher than the grades system schools. This result cannot be inferred to all elementary education schools for we do not have a sample that reliably represents the Brazilian education system; the pedagogical work of the teacher, associated to the schools' medium proficiencies in the mathematics and reading tests and their respective socioeconomic levels, in this case, analyzed via longitudinal study, valued the grouping of our analysis in the educational context. / Doutorado / Ensino, Avaliação e Formação de Professores / Doutor em Educação

Selma Lagerlöf (1858-1940) is to many a known writer, a member of the Swedish Academy and a Nobel prize winner in literature. Her life has been studied and is well documented both by herself and others mainly from a literary point of view. We know that she spent time as a teacher in the southern swedish city of Landskrona (1885-1891). A missing piece in the study of the life of Selma Lagerlöf has been of how she was as a teacher in the society in the late 1880’s, written from the perspective of a teacher. The aim of this study has been to seek a deeper knowledge about Selma Lagerlöf as a teacher and the pedagogical means of her teaching, as well as the society that she was a member of. The different parts of Selma Lagerlöfs life, the actions and her words may contribute to the aiming result as a holistic view. The following overarching questions have been used in the study:  How is Selma Lagerlöf described as a student at the School of Education? (in swedish: Högre Lärarinneseminariet). Who may have contributed to her role as a teacher? What was the spirit of the times connected to Selma Lagerlöf at the School of Education? What factors may have influenced her as a person and a teacher? How is Selma Lagerlöf described as a teacher/educator? How are her pedagogical means expressed? How is Selma Lagerlöf described as a teacher by her students? A hermeneutical perspective has been used as a method and a theory, mainly as explained by the philosopher Dilthey. The analysed literature includes adequate texts, books and articles and the found details are woven into a full picture together with the foundation of context. When writing the biography of a person as well known as Selma Lagerlöf there is a need to balance the sense of her presence making certain to keep an, at the same time, ethical, respectful and critical attitude towards her. As working with the study, also a context is surfaced and by the context it is possible to understand the details. The person and her ideas have been studied by sympathetic empathy and understanding, to see the person not as dead, but as a person who once lived and is still inspiring. A conclusion can be made that Selma Lagerlöf was a teacher with a compassionate and methodological way of teaching. The findings to the overarching questions in the aim may guide us through the pedagogical ideas of the person who was forced by economic and social reasons to work as a teacher. She enjoyed giving lessons which made the eyes of the students glow of interest. A method using compassion and trust between educator and pupils leads to pleasurable learning. It also leads to a foundation for the responsibility of all citizens' upbringing and education in a democratic society, a pedagogical perspective known from the philosopher and educator Pestalozzi, a responsibility also relevant to the education of today.

The topic of this diploma thesis is devoted to the issue of a children enrolment to the first form of a basic school as an important milestone in their life. The theoretical part deals with the topic of the enrolment in its full scale. The author presents an overview concerning the issue of school maturity, school preparedness and their diagnostics. Further she deals with the topic of a postponement of school attendance and legislation. The main chapter of the theoretical part is the topic of competencies which a teacher of primary education should have at disposal during enrolments. In the practical part of this diploma thesis the author gives space to teachers, who, by means of a questionnaire and an unstructured interview, reflect their opinions and feelings concerning their role during enrolments. The author deals with their pedagogical competency. The teachers have an opportunity to present their opinions about the current form of the enrolment procedure. The outcome of this thesis is a discussion about usefulness of the current enrolment procedure and concrete suggestions for a change.