The differential effectiveness of two types of adjunct embedded questions in facilitating deep processing, increased knowledge gain, and increased positive attitude change was examined in this two-session laboratory study. In session one, subjects completed a measure of locus of control (LOC) orientation, as well as measures of pretest knowledge and attitudes regarding drinking. Two weeks later, stratified assignment was used to place 33 subjects (ages 12 to 15) in one of the three levels of question condition (no questions, factual questions, and inference questions) to study a computer-based instructional program about alcohol education during the second session. Subjects assigned to either of the two embedded question conditions were asked to answer ten questions embedded between segments of interactive video. Depending on question condition, subjects were asked to provide factual information or draw inferences and conclusions regarding the previous video segment. After each question, subjects were asked to rate the amount of effort required to answer the preceding question. Control group subjects viewed interactive video without embedded questions or effort rating scales. Reaction-time trials were distributed throughout the multimedia program and were received by all subjects to establish a baseline reaction-time measure. Immediately following the instructional program, subjects completed posttest measures of knowledge and attitudes regarding alcohol. Results provided limited support for the hypothesis that embedded questions would facilitate positive attitude change; however, embedded questions did not appear to facilitate knowledge gain. Results also provided support for the hypothesis that subjects with internal LOC orientations would be associated with greater positive changes in knowledge gain. Other hypotheses related to depth of processing were not supported by the results of this study. No differences were observed between embedded question types on the reaction-time and mental effort rating measures of depth of processing. Furthermore, no differences were observed across LOC orientation on either of the depth of processing measures. A number of methodological issues are thought to have contributed to this limited support of the hypotheses in this study. These issues, and their potential impact and solutions are discussed with respect to future research. / Ph. D.

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Notre thèse traite la complétive objet et ses prédicats introducteurs en chinois. Nous adoptons, dans l’ensemble, le cadre théorique du lexique-grammaire de Gross (1984) et dans l’analyse concrète, celle de la structure prédicative de Muller (2001). Elle est divisée en cinq chapitres. Dans le premier « Etat des lieux », nous présentons la conception de la complétive en tant qu’un type de subordonnée et nous adoptons l’analyse de la dépendance énonciative de Muller (1996). Ensuite nous présentons quelques analyses qui intègre la sémantique dans l’analyse de la complétive. Le chapitre 2 a pour objectif de délimiter notre objet d’étude, qui inclut trois sous-types : la complétive propositionnelle, le complément verbal sans sujet syntaxique (l’équivalent de la complétive infinitive du français) et l’interrogative indirecte dont la spécificité sémantique est bien prise en compte.Dans le troisième chapitre nous étudions les propriétés de sélection des prédicats introducteurs de la complétive en chinois : celles concernant le complément nominal et verbal sans sujet syntaxique d’une part, et celle entre la complétive déclarative et l’II d’autre part, à propos de laquelle nous étudions aussi les éléments qui la modifient. Dans le chapitre 4 la complétive objet est mise en parallèles avec trois autre types de constructions qui partagent le même schéma de construction [(SN1) +SV1+SN2+SV2] avec elle et qui impliquent aussi une relation de dépendance entre deux prédicats, ce sont la construction à double complément, la construction à 2nd complément et la construction à contrôle objet. Nous tenterons de fournir quelques outils de distinction d’ordre lexical ou contextuel.Le chapitre 5 concerne les propriétés syntaxiques de la complétive objet. Nous discuterons d’abord du morphème ‘shuo’ à propos de son statut de ‘conjonction émergente’ et de quelques caractéristiques d’intégration sous le terme de « main clause phenomena ». Ensuite seront scrutés les verbes « recteurs faibles » dans les termes de Blanche-Benveniste (1988) qui s’avéreront assez similaires à leurs équivalents en français et en anglais. Enfin nous analyserons les références temporelles dans la construction complétive. Nous postulerons qu’elles se basent principalement sur la télicité des prédicats matrice et la sémantique de leurs arguments ; les marqueurs aspectuels –le, -guo et –zhe modifient cette interprétation par défaut selon leur sémantique propre. Et nous donnerons une analyse détaillée des contraintes de différents degrés imposées sur les différents types de prédicats. / Our thesis deals with the clausal object in Chinese and the predicats which select this type of complementation. In general we adopt the theoretical framework of the lexicon-grammar (Gross 1984) ; in concrete analysis, we adopte the analysis of the predicative structure (Muller 2001). It is divided into five chapters.In the first chaptre, we present the general conception of the clausal object as a type of propositional complement and we adopt the analysis of the dependence enunciative (Muller 1996). Then we present several articles which integrate the semantic aspect in the analysis of the clausal object.Chapter 2 aims to delimitate our object of study, which includes three subtypes: the propositional complement with that, the verbal complement without syntactic subject (the equivalent of the infinitive construction in French) and the embedded questions whose semantic specificity is taken into account.In the third chapter we study the other selectional properties of the prédicats compatible with that clause, firstly with regard to noun complement and verbal complement without syntactic subject, secondly with regard to that clause and the embedded questions. We also study the elements which can change the second type of selection.In Chapter 4 the completive object is placed in parallel with three other types of constructions that share the same construction scheme [(SN1) + SV1 + SV2 + SN2] with that clause and also imply a relationship of dependence between two predicates. They are : construction with double complement, construction with 2nd complement and construction of object control. We will try to provide some lexical or contextual parameters in order to distinguish them.In Chapter 5 we study the syntactic properties of the clausal object. We first discuss the morpheme 'shuo' about his status of 'emerging conjunction' and some characteristics of integration under the term of "main clause phenomena." Then are scrutinized the verbs of assertion under the name of ‘recteur faible’ (Blanche-Benveniste 1988) ; they are proved to be quite similar to their equivalents in French and English. Finally, we analyze the temporal references in the construction with clausal object. We postulate that it relies primarily on the telicity of matrix predicates and the semantics of their arguments ; the aspectual markers -le,-guo and –zhe can modify this interpretation by defaut according to their semantics. And we give a detailed analysis of constraints of different degrees imposed on different types of predicates.