MSc (Med) Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Adequate exposure to paediatric pre-hospital emergency cases for students undertaking clinical learning is a key component of preparation for independent practise. Both clinical reasoning and psychomotor skills require practise in a realistic environment in order to best equip the qualifying practitioner for demands of the real world of pre-hospital emergency care. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the exposure of pre-hospital emergency care students in the University of Johannesburg‟s National Diploma in Emergency Medical Care programme to emergencies involving paediatric patients in the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan area over a continuous eight year period, between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2008. Patient care records contained in an electronic clinical learning management information system entered over the eight-year study period were analysed in order to characterise the exposure of students to paediatric emergency cases in general, and clinical skills performed during this exposure. Results showed that, with the exception of infants and children seen by first year students, median exposure to paediatric emergency cases for students in all academic years was below 50%. Exposure to emergencies involving younger patients was generally lower than that for older patients, however the acuity of patients increased with decreasing age. Exposure to most clinical skills also decreased with decreasing patient age. Opportunities for students to practise critical or invasive skills were relatively rare. Suggestions for the improvement of student exposure to paediatric emergency cases and clinical skills include a period of internship and greater utilisation of hospital-based clinical skills exposure and practice.

Segundo a literatura os hospitais de emergência sofrem, mais do que outras unidades, os efeitos da falta de investimento no sistema público de saúde e de sua crise de governabilidade. O estresse tem despontado como fator desencadeante de doenças ocupacionais, prejudicando todos os atores envolvidos na assistência à saúde, pensando nisso, decidimos realizar uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, realizada como estudo de caso em um hospital estadual no interior de São Paulo que atende Urgências Clínicas e Psiquiátricas, com o objetivo principal de: identificar possíveis causas do estresse entre trabalhadores de enfermagem das alas de emergência e comparar os estressores da Sala de Urgência (S.U.) e Emergências Psiquiátricas (P.Q.U.). O referencial teórico utilizado é o de Robert Karasek sobre demanda-controle de estresse. Na metodologia utilizamos a observação de campo, e após, aplicamos o instrumento Job Content Questionnaire. Encontramos Alpha de Conbrach negativo para três dimensões: DA (Autoridade decisória), PsD (Demanda psicológica) e JI (Insegurança no trabalho), e relacionamos isso com a inadequação transcultural da tradução da escala para a realidade brasileira, principalmente no que tange a estabilidade empregatícia. Na comparação entre os setores observamos que o setor S.U. apresentou escores mais altos para PsD (Demanda psicológica), PhD (Demanda física), CT (Controle no trabalho) e SD (Uso de habilidade). O Suporte Social foi maior para o setor P.Q.U. Concluímos que são necessários novos estudos com o mesmo objetivo para comparações e ainda sugerimos uma revisão da tradução da escala para o português com adequação a nossa realidade empregatícia. / According to the literature the emergency hospitals suffer more than other units, the effects of lack of investment in the public health system and its governability crisis. Stress has emerged as a triggering factor of occupational diseases, affecting all stakeholders in health care, thinking about it, we decided to perform a quantitative and descriptive study, conducted as a case study in a state hospital in São Paulo that meets Emergency Clinics Psychiatric and with the main objective to: identify possible causes of stress among nursing staff in wards, emergency and compare the stressors Room (ER) and Psychiatric Emergencies (PQU). The theoretical framework used is that of Robert Karasek demand-control over stress. Methodology used the field observation, and after we apply the instrument Job Content Questionnaire. Alpha Conbrach found negative for three dimensions: DA (Decision authority), PSD (Psychological demand) and JI (Job insecurity), and relate this to the inadequacy of cross-cultural translation of the scale for the Brazilian reality, especially regarding the stability employment. Comparing the sectors noted that the sector SU showed higher scores for PSD (Psychological demand), PhD (Physical demand), CT (Job control) and SD (Use skill). Social Support was highest for the sector P.Q.U.. We conclude that further studies are needed with the same goal for comparisons and further suggest a revision of the scale of the translation into Portuguese with our reality employment suitability.

Univ., Diss.--Zugl.: Nantes, 2005.

This study examines global incentives to reduce maternal mortality, namely the fifth Millenium Developmnet Goal to reduce maternal mortality with 75% by 2015. More specifically it examines maternal mortality and obstetric care in situations of emergency. When exposed to extreme situations the risks of negative pregnancy- and delivey outcomes are increased. Data was collected from seconday sources and from interviews with health staff with experiences from humanitarian work in the field. The findings were analyzed using a theoretical framework explaining maternal mortality be referring to both direct and indirect causes. The two theoretical models used in the study are similar and reminds of each other when explaining maternal mortality. One is based on the assumption that an obstetric complication has occurred and differnt delays in recieving care is the main cause maternal mortality, whilst the other theory is more in depth and elaborates the underlying causes. The first theory is used a base tto analyze the data after which the other theory is applied in order to introdue a deeper dimension to the analysis. The findings suggest that direct causes accounts for 80 per cent of all maternal deaths, homorrhage being the largest, including in disasters. Further causes are infections, unsafe abortions, eclampsia and obstructed labor. Also, underlying socail factors such as gender inequality indirectly has a negative impact on maternal mortality. Moreover, findings suggest that obstetric care is prioritized in disaster relief response.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2007 / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-73).

Thesis (D.Clin.Psych.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-212).

Segundo a literatura os hospitais de emergência sofrem, mais do que outras unidades, os efeitos da falta de investimento no sistema público de saúde e de sua crise de governabilidade. O estresse tem despontado como fator desencadeante de doenças ocupacionais, prejudicando todos os atores envolvidos na assistência à saúde, pensando nisso, decidimos realizar uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, realizada como estudo de caso em um hospital estadual no interior de São Paulo que atende Urgências Clínicas e Psiquiátricas, com o objetivo principal de: identificar possíveis causas do estresse entre trabalhadores de enfermagem das alas de emergência e comparar os estressores da Sala de Urgência (S.U.) e Emergências Psiquiátricas (P.Q.U.). O referencial teórico utilizado é o de Robert Karasek sobre demanda-controle de estresse. Na metodologia utilizamos a observação de campo, e após, aplicamos o instrumento Job Content Questionnaire. Encontramos Alpha de Conbrach negativo para três dimensões: DA (Autoridade decisória), PsD (Demanda psicológica) e JI (Insegurança no trabalho), e relacionamos isso com a inadequação transcultural da tradução da escala para a realidade brasileira, principalmente no que tange a estabilidade empregatícia. Na comparação entre os setores observamos que o setor S.U. apresentou escores mais altos para PsD (Demanda psicológica), PhD (Demanda física), CT (Controle no trabalho) e SD (Uso de habilidade). O Suporte Social foi maior para o setor P.Q.U. Concluímos que são necessários novos estudos com o mesmo objetivo para comparações e ainda sugerimos uma revisão da tradução da escala para o português com adequação a nossa realidade empregatícia. / According to the literature the emergency hospitals suffer more than other units, the effects of lack of investment in the public health system and its governability crisis. Stress has emerged as a triggering factor of occupational diseases, affecting all stakeholders in health care, thinking about it, we decided to perform a quantitative and descriptive study, conducted as a case study in a state hospital in São Paulo that meets Emergency Clinics Psychiatric and with the main objective to: identify possible causes of stress among nursing staff in wards, emergency and compare the stressors Room (ER) and Psychiatric Emergencies (PQU). The theoretical framework used is that of Robert Karasek demand-control over stress. Methodology used the field observation, and after we apply the instrument Job Content Questionnaire. Alpha Conbrach found negative for three dimensions: DA (Decision authority), PSD (Psychological demand) and JI (Job insecurity), and relate this to the inadequacy of cross-cultural translation of the scale for the Brazilian reality, especially regarding the stability employment. Comparing the sectors noted that the sector SU showed higher scores for PSD (Psychological demand), PhD (Physical demand), CT (Job control) and SD (Use skill). Social Support was highest for the sector P.Q.U.. We conclude that further studies are needed with the same goal for comparisons and further suggest a revision of the scale of the translation into Portuguese with our reality employment suitability.

No description available.