O tema segurança de barragens vem adquirindo destaque no cenário brasileiro. Isso se deu tendo em vista os acidentes ocorridos e a recente lei n° 12.334, aprovada em setembro de 2010, que estabeleceu normas e padrões. Desta maneira, os empreendedores voltaram sua atenção para esse tema, resultando em uma grande demanda de ferramentas que possibilitem a adequação de suas barragens à legislação. Esse estudo, então, tem como objetivo apresentar e avaliar um sistema de composição de modelos matemáticos que podem ser utilizados na elaboração dos Planos de Ação Emergencial (PAE). O estudo apresenta uma breve revisão sobre o tema segurança de barragens, identificando quais produtos devem ser buscados por meio da utilização dos modelos. Quanto à composição de modelos, tem-se, inicialmente, o modelo de previsão de precipitação que fornece os dados para o modelo hidrológico sendo que este, por sua vez, fornece dados para o hidrodinâmico. Neste último estão incluídos também o modelo de formação da brecha e o cálculo de routing dos reservatórios. Com os resultados de nível dágua, as manchas de inundação são traçadas com o auxílio dos modelos digitais de terreno (MDT). Os aplicativos utilizados em cada modelo foram o ETA no modelo de previsão de precipitação, SMAP como modelo hidrológico e o CLiv+ como modelo hidrodinâmico. O MDT utilizado foi o gerado por meio das curvas de nível do IBGE e pontos levantados no local. Assim, esses modelos foram utilizados para simulações das barragens dos rios Pardo e Mogi Guaçu, sendo elas a UHE Caconde, a UHE Euclides da Cunha, a UHE Limoeiro e a PCH Mogi Guaçu. Desta forma foi realizada a calibração destes modelos e a simulação de vazões acima da de restrição e de cenários de rompimento. Esses resultados foram gerados para um estudo realizado pela Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Hidráulica para a AES Tietê denominado Sistema de Gerenciamento de Ações Emergenciais (SGAE). Assim, para validação do sistema de composição de modelos e para verificação de pontos de melhoria, foram realizadas avaliações do sistema. Essas foram a comparação dos dados de previsão de precipitação com dados observados, comparação entre diferentes MDTs e comparação entre os aplicativos CLiv+ e o HEC-RAS. / Recent dam failures and also the approval of Law n° 12.334, establishing rules and standards to be followed in dam safety management, made dam safety area gain prominence in the Brazilian scenario in the last years. Dams owners focused their attention into this theme increasing the demand for tools in order to adequate theirs dam documentation to the requirements of the law. This study presents and evaluate an ensemble of mathematical models that can be used in scenarios analysis that are usually considered in Emergency Action Plans EAP elaboration. The study includes a review about dam safety regulation and a group of models that can be applied for impact evaluation, establishing data and information needed. Models considered include the forecast precipitation model, that provides data to the hydrological model which, in its turn, provides the information for the hydraulic model. This latter also include the dam breaching model and the reservoir routing calculation model. The flooded area maps are obtained using the results of water level and digital elevation model. This arrange of models apply the ETA as the forecast precipitation model, the SMAP model as the hydrologic model and Cliv+ as the hydraulic model. The digital terrain model used was created by using the cartographic base from IBGE and a point elevation survey in the study area. These models were utilized in simulations involving dams located at the Pardo and Mogi Guaçu Rivers, in Sao Paulo State, named UHE Caconde, UHE Euclides da Cunha, UHE Limoeiro and PCH Mogi Guaçu. Models were calibrated under observed flow conditions and prospective simulations were done considering different scenarios like design hydrographs and failure, under a research project developed by Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Hidráulica and AES Tietê. To validate the system and identify improvement points, a comparison of forecasted precipitation and water levels were carried out considering observed data, different DTMs and hydraulic models (CLIV + and HEC-RAS).

O tema segurança de barragens vem adquirindo destaque no cenário brasileiro. Isso se deu tendo em vista os acidentes ocorridos e a recente lei n° 12.334, aprovada em setembro de 2010, que estabeleceu normas e padrões. Desta maneira, os empreendedores voltaram sua atenção para esse tema, resultando em uma grande demanda de ferramentas que possibilitem a adequação de suas barragens à legislação. Esse estudo, então, tem como objetivo apresentar e avaliar um sistema de composição de modelos matemáticos que podem ser utilizados na elaboração dos Planos de Ação Emergencial (PAE). O estudo apresenta uma breve revisão sobre o tema segurança de barragens, identificando quais produtos devem ser buscados por meio da utilização dos modelos. Quanto à composição de modelos, tem-se, inicialmente, o modelo de previsão de precipitação que fornece os dados para o modelo hidrológico sendo que este, por sua vez, fornece dados para o hidrodinâmico. Neste último estão incluídos também o modelo de formação da brecha e o cálculo de routing dos reservatórios. Com os resultados de nível dágua, as manchas de inundação são traçadas com o auxílio dos modelos digitais de terreno (MDT). Os aplicativos utilizados em cada modelo foram o ETA no modelo de previsão de precipitação, SMAP como modelo hidrológico e o CLiv+ como modelo hidrodinâmico. O MDT utilizado foi o gerado por meio das curvas de nível do IBGE e pontos levantados no local. Assim, esses modelos foram utilizados para simulações das barragens dos rios Pardo e Mogi Guaçu, sendo elas a UHE Caconde, a UHE Euclides da Cunha, a UHE Limoeiro e a PCH Mogi Guaçu. Desta forma foi realizada a calibração destes modelos e a simulação de vazões acima da de restrição e de cenários de rompimento. Esses resultados foram gerados para um estudo realizado pela Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Hidráulica para a AES Tietê denominado Sistema de Gerenciamento de Ações Emergenciais (SGAE). Assim, para validação do sistema de composição de modelos e para verificação de pontos de melhoria, foram realizadas avaliações do sistema. Essas foram a comparação dos dados de previsão de precipitação com dados observados, comparação entre diferentes MDTs e comparação entre os aplicativos CLiv+ e o HEC-RAS. / Recent dam failures and also the approval of Law n° 12.334, establishing rules and standards to be followed in dam safety management, made dam safety area gain prominence in the Brazilian scenario in the last years. Dams owners focused their attention into this theme increasing the demand for tools in order to adequate theirs dam documentation to the requirements of the law. This study presents and evaluate an ensemble of mathematical models that can be used in scenarios analysis that are usually considered in Emergency Action Plans EAP elaboration. The study includes a review about dam safety regulation and a group of models that can be applied for impact evaluation, establishing data and information needed. Models considered include the forecast precipitation model, that provides data to the hydrological model which, in its turn, provides the information for the hydraulic model. This latter also include the dam breaching model and the reservoir routing calculation model. The flooded area maps are obtained using the results of water level and digital elevation model. This arrange of models apply the ETA as the forecast precipitation model, the SMAP model as the hydrologic model and Cliv+ as the hydraulic model. The digital terrain model used was created by using the cartographic base from IBGE and a point elevation survey in the study area. These models were utilized in simulations involving dams located at the Pardo and Mogi Guaçu Rivers, in Sao Paulo State, named UHE Caconde, UHE Euclides da Cunha, UHE Limoeiro and PCH Mogi Guaçu. Models were calibrated under observed flow conditions and prospective simulations were done considering different scenarios like design hydrographs and failure, under a research project developed by Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Hidráulica and AES Tietê. To validate the system and identify improvement points, a comparison of forecasted precipitation and water levels were carried out considering observed data, different DTMs and hydraulic models (CLIV + and HEC-RAS).

An analysis of the circumstances preceding severe occupational injuries as a consequence of impacts has shown that well-known risks are of great importance in 75 per cent of the cases. This indicates that the subjective cause "neglect" is common. The negligence is distributed to the same extent among employers as among employees. Negligence by the employers was defined as obvious violations according to the Law of Workers’ Safety or Regulations issued by The National Board of Occupational Health and Safety. Negligence by employees was defined as actions against specific orders or common sense. As a result of this study additional research concerning the execution of Criminal Law in occupational accidents has been carried out. The law has also been changed regarding prosecution in cases of breaking the Law on the working environment.In situations where elimination of risks is not possible it is a most important task to minimize the risk of severe injury. In four of the studies there are examples of minimization of injuries by increased usage of personal safety equipment, improved rescue and by modifying the environment. If personal safety equipment could be used in all relevant situations the incidence of severe injuries at the place of work would decrease by more than 25 per cent. However, the crucial insufficiencies as to the specifications of personal protective equipment must be emphasized. This should stimulate the development of environmental changes, thus preventing the build-up and release of potentially dangerous energy. Working alone and late rescue for other reasons, together with other circumstances following the injury made the injuries worse in a little more than 10 per cent of the cases.In the studies concerning injuries as the result of impacts in trucks and buses it is shown that a lot of trucks turn over and that a large number of injuries occur as a result of deformation of the cabins. A safety belt would offer good protection against injury in about half of the cases. Safety in trucks and buses could be improved by the introduction of a deformative zone in front of the occupants. Front designs of cab-over vehicles should be changed and the use of seat belts in trucks and buses should be made compulsory. Passive seat belts, knee bars and air bags are interesting alternatives and additions to manual seat belts for commercial drivers. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1989, härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carlos Sergio Souza P de A Franco.pdf: 4651329 bytes, checksum: 2284a7ec986e8abc4a2a94850c5aa323 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30 / In this paper are presented socio-environmental considerations about the dams safety being promoting the linking of the trilogy water, living beings and anthrop actions, as well as the evolution of the legal aspects. A study about the resources is done to establish a policy of efficient action which guarantees few risks of accidents involving dams and as they are inserted in the context of the global safety of the population. In general terms the investigation promotes an evaluation about the factors that contribute to the dams safety taking into consideration legal aspects of the administration of the water resources aiming to minimize the contentions in the treatment of the subject. In a more specific way, it proposes the creation of a law to be applied by the authorities of the State of Goiás. It is an exploratory research which took place from August 2006 to March 2008 that had bibliographies references, professionals considered experts talking about dams safety and, also, public agencies such as: MI, SEMARH and civil defense among others. It includes a proposition for the establishment of emergency action planning based on technical considerations about risk evaluation. and it presents the cases of the accidents in the dam of Flores de Goiás happened on 2004 and 2007. In Central Brazil regions more specifically in the State of Goiás was verified that the studies concerning to thewater resources are incipient. The public bodies presented divergences in the information on the quantitative of dams. Public agencies like Defesa Civil, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos and Agência Ambiental did not show evidences joint action for the planning, fiscalization and critical analysis of the decisive factors to the global safety of the society. Works in the physical dimensions are being accomplished in the Dam of Flores de Goiás to correct the mistakes of the hydrologic project. A debate about dam is a debate about development. To solve or to minimize conflicts concerning to the theme is necessary to have a broad consensus about the rules that govern the development choices and the criteria that should define the negotiations and the decision making. In this context the work of environmental education should be considered as instrument to promote changes of paradigms and management. / Neste trabalho são apresentadas considerações sócioambientais acerca da segurança de barragens promovendo a interligação da trilogia água, seres vivos e ações antrópicas, bem como a evolução dos aspectos legais. Faz-se um estudo, todavia, sobre os recursos para se estabelecer uma política de ação eficaz que garanta menor risco de acidentes envolvendo barragens e como os mesmos estão inseridos no contexto da Segurança Global da População. Em termos gerais, a investigação promove uma avaliação sobre os fatores que contribuem para a Segurança de Barragens, considerando aspectos regulatórios da gestão dos recursos hídricos objetivando minimizar as contendas no trato do assunto. De forma mais específica, propõe a criação de Lei para ser aplicada pelas autoridades do Estado de Goiás. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, realizada no período de agosto 2006 a abril de 2008, que contou com consultas a referências bibliográficas, a profissionais considerados experts no trato do tema segurança de barragens e a órgãos públicos, tais como: MI, SEMARH e Defesa Civil, dentre outros. O trabalho inclui uma proposição para o estabelecimento de Planos de Ações Emergenciais, baseada em considerações técnicas sobre avaliação de riscos e apresenta o caso dos acidentes na barragem de Flores de Goiás, nos anos de 2004 e 2007. Na Região Centro-Oeste, sobretudo, no Estado de Goiás, verificou-se que os estudos acerca dos recursos hídricos ainda são incipientes. Os órgãos públicos apresentaram divergências nas informações sobre o quantitativo de barragens existentes. Órgãos como a Diretoria de Defesa Civil, a Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos e a Agência Ambiental não apresentaram evidências de ação conjunta eficaz para o planejamento, fiscalização e análise crítica dos fatores determinantes à segurança global da sociedade. O debate sobre barragens é um debate sobre a própria questão do desenvolvimento. As obras físicas realizadas na Barragem de Flores demonstram ter havido erro no dimensionamento do projeto hidrológico. Para resolver ou minimizar conflitos acerca do tema é preciso haver normas consensuais que regem as escolhas de desenvolvimento e os critérios que devem definir as negociações e a tomada de decisões. Neste contexto, a educação ambiental deve ser considerada como instrumento para fomentar mudanças de paradigmas e de gestão.

This thesis is divided into two basic parts a theoretical and a practical one. Its aims are to evaluate the emergency preparedness of the chosen regional emergency squad to emergencies and the efficiency of the feedback on an emergency as well as to compare the amount of human forces and the means used in chosen emergencies. Hypotheses are added to individual aims. The theoretical part constitutes an introduction to the topic. The Integrated Rescue System and the classification of incidents are mentioned in the first chapter. The second chapter is focused on an emergency, its definition and a possible procedure of rescue squads dealing with an emergency as well as on the way the injured are sorted. Following chapters deal with crisis management in health care with an emphasis on crisis management planning and preparation of individual. Last two chapters of the theoretical part are devoted to the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region and material and technical equipment important for a successful dealing with emergencies is mentioned there. In order to achieve the first goal, i.e. to evaluate the emergency preparedness of the chosen regional emergency squad to emergencies, I made a survey via questionnaires which was divided into two parts: The purpose of the first part was to evaluate the preparedness of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region as a whole, which was achieved via a questionnaire survey conducted among medical employees working in leading positions. In order to compare the survey results with those of the South Moravian and South Bohemian Regions, the questionnaire was borrowed from Mgr. Zuzana Němečková after her personal consent. The second part is based on a survey via questionnaires the target group of which was the medical personnel of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region. The questionnaire was designed according to a questionnaire by Mgr. Zuzana Táchová after her personal consent in order to compare her results received in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. České Budějovice Hospital. The results of both surveys are thoroughly analysed in the discussion part. However, as regards the preparedness of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region, there was no difference found compared to the preparedness of medical facilities of the South Moravian and South Bohemian Regions. On the other hand, there was quite a surprising outcome of the survey conducted among the medical personnel of the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region. From the statistical measurement, it was revealed that the results achieved by the medical personnel working for the Emergency Medical Service of the Central Bohemian Region for a longer time were worse than those achieved by the medical personnel with a shorter work experience. For the purposes of the second and the third aim of this thesis, namely the evaluation of the efficiency of the feedback on an emergency and the comparison of the amount of human forces and the means used in chosen emergencies, I have chosen two emergencies which took place in the Central Bohemian Region. Consequently, I compared both of them with the Recommended Procedure No. 18 issued by the Czech Society for Emergency and Disaster Medicine within the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně Health Affected in Disasters coping with the situation on scene by the emergency medical service. The outcome of the comparison is thoroughly analysed in the discussion part. In conclusion, it is possible to state the importance of the final report on the intervention.

The amount of ammonia used for cooling stadiums is usually lower than the limits stated in annex to the Act about prevention of fatal accidents caused by dangerous chemical substances, and for this reason the stadiums aren't subject to such strict security procedures determined by the law. However, these are places where big amounts of people can gather in a certain moment, thus in case of accident and ammonia leak, the health condition of many people could be threatened, given the fact that some of them don't even realise how to behave in such a situation. In the introduction of my thesis I focused my attention on the issues of extraordinary events, dangerous substances and products, on the legislation concerning the sphere of chemical substances and protection of population and accidents associated with the spills of dangerous substances. My work also contains the characteristics and description of ammonia and computer programmes used for modelling of consequences of accidents associated with spills of dangerous chemical substances. In the practical part of my thesis I simulated an accident with ammonia leak from Winter Stadium Kotlina in Havlíčkův Brod using the programming tool TerEx and from the results that I obtained I suggested a ?emergency action plan" targeting the analysis of eventual evacuation of pupils and pedagogical staff from the neighbouring primary schools. I used interviews with headmasters of primary schools for the purposes of this analysis. Furthermore, I analysed the population's level of awareness and knowledge of the problem (people living in the area of simulated zone of danger) and pedagogical staff from the neighbouring primary schools in the issues of correct practice in case of ammonia leak from the winter stadium. A part of thesis is a leaflet warning processed and an information poster intended for the population living in Havlíčkův Brod about correct practice in case of release of hazardous chemicals.