In the early 1990's, a series of habitat changes caused by storms and subsequent beach management by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, The Corps) provided a unique opportunity to study piping plover population dynamics in a changing environment. In this study, 1993-2004, we attempt to determine the factors that limit or influence the abundance and distribution of piping plovers in West Hampton Dunes (WHD), Long Island, NY, a renourished, highly developed, and high human disturbance area. The piping plover population on Westhampton Island increased after the hurricane of 1938, and declined thereafter. The decline co-occurred with beach development and vegetative succession. After storms in the winter of 1992-1993 breached the island at West Hampton Dunes, piping plovers re-colonized the area. The New York District USACE filled the breach in 1993, and renourished the beach in 1996 and 2000-2001. USACE renourished parts of the groinfield in Westhampton Beach in 1997. Each spring and summer, we monitored plovers intensively at WHD and part of the adjacent town of Westhampton Beach (The Reference Area) 1993-2004. We located nests and estimated reproductive and nest and chick survival rates. We monitored plover management efforts and determined causes of nest loss when possible. We monitored piping plover behaviors and obtained an index to plover food supply. We estimated area of plover habitats and defined areas unsuitable for piping plover nesting. We also obtained indices to human and predator presence on the beach. The WHD piping plover population increased from 0 pairs in 1992 to 39 in 2000 then decreased to 18 pairs in 2004. This decline was closely associated with changes in potential nesting habitat which increased from 22.4 ha in 1992 to 50.1 ha in 2000 then declined to 31.1 ha in 2004 The primary process regulating the WHD population appears to be density dependent immigration and emigration. No other vital rates (clutch size, renest rate, fertility, egg survival, nest survival, chick survival, brood survival, chicks fledged/pair) were correlated with density. The higher equilibrium density at WHD (~1 pair/ha) than at The Reference Area (~0.4 pair/ha) appeared to be a function of the large bay intertidal flats at WHD. The most common nest predators, cats (WHD = 13% of known predated nests), American Crows (17% of known predated nests) and foxes (37% of known predated nests), are newcomers to piping plover habitats. Thus, plovers may be especially vulnerable to them. Predator removal from the study area appeared to improve nest success and chick survival (R2 = 0.79). Predator exclosures at nests reduced nest loss (WHD = 34% exclosed nests lost vs. 43% of unexclosed nests lost, though in one year, one or more foxes learned to exploit plovers in exclosures (22% of all exclosed nests were predated by foxes in 1995). This study highlights the long suspected piping plover paradox: increasing beach width can temporarily raise the carrying capacity of an area, but preventing overwash can reduce or eliminate the natural formation of the bay side foraging flats that increase piping plover density, and sometimes, survival. Moreover, beach stabilization allows human development of the habitat which also reduces the carrying capacity of the environment for piping plovers, increases human/plover interactions, and attracts potential predators. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Thesis ( M.A.( Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / This study presents qualitative findings on lived experiences of migrant female youth in Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Studies reveal that young females, more especially those from the African continent, migrate to foreign countries in large numbers for better livelihoods. A growing number of women, African women in particular, migrate more than ever to meet their own or their families’ economic needs. Some, of course, flee from wars and mostly migrate for better living conditions. Several studies show that many of these women migrate to South Africa. This is because South Africa is amongst the continent’s most popular destinations for Africa’s female migrants. Upon their arrival in South Africa, studies reveal that migrant female youth are faced with a vast number of challenges such as poverty and exclusion from accessing basic services. It is from this background that this study sought to explore lived experiences of migrant female youth in Musina. Nine female migrant youth accommodated by a church shelter in Musina were purposively and conveniently selected to participate in the study. Semi-structured face to face interviews were used to purposefully collect data that saturated at participant number 9. Thematic data analysis was used with the assistance of the Nvivo software to manage and organise data. The narrative theory was used in the study as it allowed the researcher insight and understanding when migrant female youth narrated their experiences and challenges they encounter as migrants in a foreign country. Findings reveal that many female migrant youths illegally migrate to South Africa in search of better livelihoods that are unavailable in their countries of origin. Furthermore, findings indicated that migrant female youth find themselves living in extreme poverty in the host country. However, the female youth employ various coping strategies for their sustainable livelihoods. They also experience exclusion from accessing healthcare services and face blatant xenophobia in the hands of local South Africans. It can therefore be concluded that migrant female youth face a number of challenges in their everyday lives as migrants in South Africa. It could also be helpful to integrate South Africa’s basic service delivery to include services for female migrant youth. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

Baigiamojo magistro darbo objektas – emigracijos tema Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje bei politniuose pranešimuose. Semestrinio darbo tikslas – nustatyti emigracijos temos atskleidimą žiniasklaidoje dienotvarkės nustatymo požiūriu. Darbo uždaviniai: aptarti emigracijos reiškinį Lietuvoje ikisovietiniu laikotarpiu ir po 1990 m. Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo iki 2010 m.; nurodyti pagrindinius dienotvarkės nustatymo teorijos teiginius; apžvelgti tyrimus, taikančius dienotvarkės nustatymo teoriją emigracijos temos kontekste; aptarti emigracijos temą pasaulio ir Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje; atlikti emigracijos temos Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje turinio analizę; atlikti emigracijos temos politiniuose tekstuose turinio analizę. Analizuojant, sisteminant bei apibendrinant mokslinę literatūrą, prieita prie išvadų, jog emigracija moksliniuose šaltiniuose dažnai apibūdinama kaip lietuvių tautos bruožas, o patys lietuviai – diasporos tauta. Ikisovietinių laikotarpių emigracijos mastai, priežastys nėra itin plačiai nagrinėtos, o apie pasėkmes apskritai nėra kalbama. Tyrimas atskleidė, jog emigracijos temos dinamika politinėje ir žiniasklaidos dienotvarkėse sutampa. Dienotvarkės nustatymo požiūriu, emigracija Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje nagrinėjama atsižvelgiant i politinę dienotvarkę. Išryškėjo dienotvarkės nustatymo ypatumai spausdintinės žiniasklaidos atveju - kuo mažiau apie emigraciją kalbėjo politikai, tuo daugiau straipsnių šia tema buvo spausdinama, tačiau kai politiniai šaltiniai imti cituoti dažniau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Final Master's thesis - emigration and Lithuanian media reports and policy reports. The aim of the terminal - the theme of emigration disclosure in the media agenda setting approach. Job tasks: to discuss the phenomenon of emigration during the pre-Soviet Lithuania, and after 1990 Restoration of Independence until 2010; the main agenda setting theory arguments, to review studies using the theory of agenda setting, theme in the context of immigration, emigration to discuss the topic in the media world and Lithuanian, a Lithuanian theme of emigration in the media content analysis of the themes of emigration for political content analysis of texts. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the scientific literature and came to the conclusion that the emigration of scientific sources, is often described as a feature of the Lithuanian people, and most Lithuanians - Diaspora people. Pre-Soviet periods, the magnitude of emigration, the reasons are not very well considered, and the consequences of not being spoken. Today Lithuanian emigration is nothing new or unexpected event. Scientific and journalistic sources often associated with globalization is defined as a dynamic process, but solid and consistent research on this topic, however, missing. Following the work of the scientific research analysis showed that the political forces, through agenda-setting mechanisms, is able to reach the public and influence their opinion so that it would be advantageous or disadvantageous to a... [to full text]

MA (Political Science) / Department of Development Studies / South Africa attracts a variety of migrants, largely from the Southern African region. It has become the largest recipient of foreign nationals in Africa. South Africa’s porous borders linked to its neighbouring countries contribute to the influx of foreign nationals. Mozambique has been the largest supplier of workers in mining and agricultural sectors of South Africa. However, along the way and upon arrival, migrants are surrounded by treacherous conditions. This is because both documented and undocumented migrants are susceptible to xenophobic sentiments, violence and discrimination. Therefore, in search for security, migration initiates a new risk of insecurity. This study employed the qualitative approach to explore the causes of migration and experiences of Mozambican migrants in Johannesburg, South Africa. Research findings reveal that migrants come to South Africa for different reasons, not limited to economic factors. Some migrants come to South Africa for education and to seek refuge. Foreign nationals’ experiences vary from one person to another, as the findings show that some migrants get the privilege to start a thriving business and employ the locals. Therefore, migrants also contribute to the South African economy. / NRF

Orientador: Josue Pereira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T15:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_PatriciaTavaresde_M.pdf: 1638431 bytes, checksum: 9d85368408a621aacadcab3c53432d8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta dissertação aborda a imigração de bolivianos e coreanos para São Paulo, no contexto do setor de confecção. Focalizam-se as origens históricas do circuito de subcontratação transnacional de força-de-trabalho boliviana para o abastecimento de oficinas de costura informais - a princípio, de donos coreanos - e a experiência social boliviana no interior desse circuito na cidade de São Paulo. A despeito da visibilidade desse circuito, no bojo dos processos de reestruturação produtiva do setor de confecção, durante a década de 1990, argumenta-se que as determinantes históricas do circuito encontram-se nos processos de desenvolvimento e suas conseqüências nos países de origem dos fluxos migratórios de bolivianos e coreanos. E sobre a experiência social dos bolivianos são consideradas as trajetórias sócio-espaciais desses imigrantes no interior do circuito. / Abstract: This work deals with the immigration of Bolivians and Koreans to São Paulo in the context of the garment industry. It focuses on the historical origins of the transnational subcontracting circuit of Bolivian labor force to supply sweatshops in the garment sector - in the beginning, owned by south Koreans - and the Bolivian social experience inside this circuit at the city of São Paulo. Despite the visibility of this circuit, in the context of processes of production restructuring in the garment sector, during the decade of 1990, I argue that the historical determinants of the circuit are in the development processes and its consequences in the origin countries of Koreans and Bolivians immigration flows. And about the Bolivians social experience are considered the socio-spaces trajectories of these immigrants inside this circuit. / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Bela Feldman-Bianco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sanjurjo_LilianaLopes_M.pdf: 4836182 bytes, checksum: 7782cb9adf7c207495017c3355e10813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Na presente dissertação investigo a migração de argentinos para São Paulo (Brasil) ao longo da década de 1970, que corresponde a um contingente migratório constituído por indivíduos que deixam a Argentina, sobretudo, por conta das condições da violência política que se colocaram para os opositores do regime militar, que se institucionaliza no ano de 1976. Por outro lado, e apenas como contraponto a esse primeiro contingente, trato de um novo fluxo migratório de argentinos para o Brasil que se configura após o auge da crise econômica desencadeada no final do ano de 2001. Através da reconstrução das histórias de vida, das memórias e das trajetórias de migração de um grupo de argentinos que chegou entre os anos 1974 e 1981, hoje residentes nas cidades de Campinas e São Paulo, e de alguns jovens argentinos que chegaram após o ano de 2001 em São Paulo procuro compreender como estes sujeitos reconstroem suas identidades tendo como base o compartilhamento de experiências que consideram cruciais por redirecionarem e redefinirem suas trajetórias individuais. Através de uma abordagem que enfatiza a ação e a representação social, também analiso as maneiras como estes indivíduos ressignificam a nação de origem, reapropiam e reelaboram as narrativas mestras da nação argentina e suas representações nacionais no processo de reconstrução de suas identidades e de interpretação de suas próprias experiências / Abstract: In the present thesis I investigate the Argentinean migration to São Paulo along the 70s. This corresponds to a migratory group of individuals who left Argentina mainly as a result of the political violence against the opponents of the military regime established in 1976. On the other hand, and just as a comparison to this first group, I deal with a new migratory flow of Argentineans to Brazil which appeared after the peak of the economic crisis triggered at the end of 2001. Through the reconstruction of stories, memories and migration trajectories of a group of Argentineans, now living in Campinas and São Paulo, who arrived in Brazil between 74 and 81, and some young Argentineans who have arrived after 2001 in São Paulo, I try to comprehend how these subjects reconstructed their identities based on sharing experiences considered crucial for redefining and reorientating their own individual trajectories. Through an approach that stresses action and social representation, I also analyze the ways by which these individuals bestow another meaning to their country, reappropriate and reelaborate the key narratives of the Argentinean nation and its national representation in the process of reconstructing their identities and interpreting their own experiences / Mestrado / Mestre em Antropologia Social

As a result of the Zimbabwean socio-economic and political crisis many have joined the Diaspora leaving their children behind in the care of others. Qualitative research in the form of in-depth semi-structured interviews carried out with seventeen adolescent Zimbabwean Diaspora orphans evidenced a number of emerging themes that illuminate how these adolescents view their situation, such as symptomology of depression, feelings of abandonment and rejection, conflicting feelings, lack of social support, the importance of communication, role changes and additions, materialism, challenges presented by relationships with caregivers, and vulnerability to sexual abuse and molestation. Most of the themes do not appear to be country specific but are shared by adolescent Diaspora orphans world-wide. Defence and coping mechanisms employed by these adolescents to cope with parental absence were also identified. Recommendations aimed at optimising their integration in society and suggestions for further research in this field conclude this study. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Thesis (MDF)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / For many years, people have migrated to other parts of their countries or across national borders. The reasons for the phenomenon of migration are many. People tend to migrate from poorer regions or countries to those that are comparatively better than their places of origin. Migration affects both host and destination countries in many ways. While there is evidence to support positive effects from migrations, mostly in developed countries, there is ongoing debate in most developing countries as to the effect of this phenomenon of migration. Immigrants are often associated with negative effects in destination countries. The purpose of this research is to determine the contribution of skilled professional immigrants to the South African economy. This report will narrow its focus to a case study of the contribution of skilled professionals in the health and higher education sectors but will also take a cursory look at the broad effects of other immigrant categories in South Africa. This research report focused on selected sectors of the South African economy since 1994 and found enough evidence to conclude that immigrants contribute positively to the South African economy. This is contrary to commonly held assumptions that foreign immigrants negatively affect the South African economy. However, this research only focused on the higher education and health sectors. A broader understanding of the effects of immigrants on the South Africa economy therefore requires further investigation.

As a result of the Zimbabwean socio-economic and political crisis many have joined the Diaspora leaving their children behind in the care of others. Qualitative research in the form of in-depth semi-structured interviews carried out with seventeen adolescent Zimbabwean Diaspora orphans evidenced a number of emerging themes that illuminate how these adolescents view their situation, such as symptomology of depression, feelings of abandonment and rejection, conflicting feelings, lack of social support, the importance of communication, role changes and additions, materialism, challenges presented by relationships with caregivers, and vulnerability to sexual abuse and molestation. Most of the themes do not appear to be country specific but are shared by adolescent Diaspora orphans world-wide. Defence and coping mechanisms employed by these adolescents to cope with parental absence were also identified. Recommendations aimed at optimising their integration in society and suggestions for further research in this field conclude this study. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)