The relationship between empathy and sex similarity of counsellors and clients was investigated in this study. Two objectives were advanced to determine: (a) if counsellors of moderate or low empathic ability were more empathic with clients of the opposite sex, and (b) if counsellors of high empathic ability could be equally empathic with clients of both sexes. The subjects were 96 Caucasian University of British Columbia students enrolled in education or counselling psychology, or volunteering at a campus crisis and information centre. They were tested on the Discrimination Empathy Test, a lU item, sexually unbiased revision of Carkhuff's (1969) Index of Discrimination. Their scores were ranked and the subjects designated as of high, medium, or low empathic ability. This designation and the sex of the subjects and the clients served as independent variables. The dependent variable was empathy, defined as the discrimination of client affect. It was measured by the Affective Sensitivity Scale, an empathy measuring instrument consisting of video-taped vignettes from real counselling sessions with clients of both sexes and a written scale on which the subjects recorded their empathic response. Seven null hypotheses were advanced and analysed by a three-way analysis of variance. Only two of the hypotheses were not rejected. Females were found to be more empathic than males, and subjects were more empathic with male than female video-taped clients. For the third main effect, it was found that the three designated levels of empathic ability were not significantly different when re-tested on the Affective Sensitivity Scale. Nonsignificant results were found in interaction analyses of the three independent variables. Speculation was offered to explain these results. The lack of significant differences between the levels of empathic ability was probably responsible for the nonsignificance of three of the four interactions. The fourth, the finding of no interaction between the sex of the subjects and the sex of the video-taped clients could have been produced whether or not similarity was an important factor. The findings of additional t tests between each subject/video-taped client match by sex did not clarify any further the role of similarity. The highest mean score for the matches was for female subjects/ male video-taped clients, followed, in order, by male subjects/male videotaped clients, female subjects/female video-taped clients, and male subjects/ female video-taped clients. The same sex matches were not significantly different. Further research was recommended, especially into the relation of similarity to empathy. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a persistent problem around the world, even though antiretroviral therapy has shown to be effective in reducing viral load and limiting transmission of the virus. Due to HIV’s infectious nature, visibility, the populations at risk, and its connections to race, class, and sexuality, it is more stigmatized than any other illness. HIV stigma has been associated with increased depression, social isolation, and poor psychological adjustment. HIV stigma can influence disclosure and care-seeking behavior. Internet-based interventions have shown to be effective in increasing knowledge on STIs and HIV, however, researchers have tested strategies that include educating participants on HIV to reduce stigma and have found that informational approaches alone are not effective. There is evidence that emotional intelligence and empathy are associated with prosocial behavior and influence attitudes towards stigmatized groups. Thus, this thesis aims to test an online intervention using an informational video from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in combination with an empathy-generating component to reduce stigma. It was hypothesized that the online intervention would increase HIV knowledge scores (H1), but stigma will only be reduced in the group introduced to the empathy-inducing component (H2) and those with high emotional intelligence would show the greatest reduction in stigmatizing attitudes (H3). Results did not support these hypotheses, suggesting that the CDC’s video does not significantly increase HIV knowledge in the general public. Further, the video intended to generate empathy and reduce stigma was also ineffective. These findings stress the need for further research and questions the effectiveness of empathy-generating interventions (e.g., FACES OF HIV, HIV Justice Network) to increase knowledge and reduce stigma. Future researchers should test the effectiveness of personalized interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2020

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Thesis advisor: Chris Lee / Empathy is a vital element in the formation of meaningful and trusting relationships between nurses and patients. Studies indicate that empathetic providers promote both increased patient satisfaction and better health outcomes for patients. Given the significance of empathy, what stood out is the gap in knowledge regarding the meaning of empathy from the perspective of senior baccalaureate nursing students just prior to entering the health care context as registered nurses. The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of empathy, in the context of clinical nursing practice from the perspective of senior baccalaureate nursing students. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used in the research analysis. The key research questions were: What is the meaning of empathy in the context of clinical nursing practice among senior baccalaureate students? How does clinical nursing practice shape and nurture empathy for senior baccalaureate nursing students? The researcher anticipates this study to be the first, which delineates the meaning of empathy in the context of clinical nursing practice among senior baccalaureate nursing students. Three essential themes surfaced during analysis, discovering every patient is a human person, empathy helps patients feel visible, heard and understood, and empathy breaks through bias towards patients. The results also suggest that clinical nursing practice among undergraduate nursing students shapes and nurtures empathy. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

Typescript. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-232). Abstract: leaves 233-241. Microfilm. / Empathy is the participation of the self and the other in the feeling, communication, content of thought and motivation of the self and the other. This definition of empathy, which might be called the love of God in action, is one which I worked out by using myself and my relationships in the Boston Psychopathic Hospital as a measuring rod. A full sharing of feeling, communication, content of thought and motivation is ideal, but it is not a practical goal. I have decided to say that there is an empathic relationship when there is a free flowing of feeling without any obvious block. My method of conducting this study on the meaning and development of empathy was to use a three way point of reference of the patient, the "therapist," and myself, the empathic investigator; the data was gathered from sixteen patients, nine "therapists" and myself. This means that I am presenting three subjective points of view of twenty-six people and forty-six relationships over a period of three months from September through November 1953. I took fifteen months to get acquainted in the hospital and to work out the definition of empathy; three months were spent in intensive interview and observation. [TRUNCATED] The idea of empathy is brought out in the literature of psychology and allied fields; but it is not delineated in the empirical setting as I have done. Psychology says that we feel into or with people. Psychoanalysis emphasizes transference, counter transference and identification as if they were more meaningful in the psychoanalytic setting; I am of the opinion that they work in every day life. The growing a na dynamic patterns o f anthropology and the roles, status and prejudice of social psychology are used as tools in the task of maturing. Theological writing emphasizes fellowship, relationship, group therapy and empathy without putting them in a specific empirical setting . In p a storal counseling and psychiatry rather formal diadic and group relationships have been developed with specific procedures designed to foster empathy and growth of the individual to maturity. [TRUNCATED]

"Momentarium" is a collection of poems that examines the instability of moments. By engaging with photography, the poems examine the strengths and flaws in representation. Qualified accuracy, in other words representations that exact no absolute authenticity, are paradoxically, most accurate. The original poems attempt to express both empathy an end to empathy, "I mean to give you what you cannot keep: a blue twice as true" and "I mean to give you what I cannot." The competing forces animate a contingent moment, before it becomes the past.

A novel about intergenerational sexual violence.

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