Visitor expenditure can be affected by different economic, socio-demographic and psychological variables. Previous literature have focused on the use of observed tourists and destination characteristics as explanatory variables to explain visitor expenditure, whereas the use of psychological factors has been underresearched. The present study aims to fill in the gap in the existing literature through the exploration of more extensive use of psychological variables. This is accomplished by the use of structural equation modelling (SEM), a methodological approach which seems not to have been applied before in tourism expenditure econometric models. In econometrics expenditure research, Mortazavi (2018) found satisfaction to be an endogenous regressor of expenditure. Hence, the contribution of our model is that it allows for the relationship between visitor satisfaction and visitor expenditure, and vice versa, to be tested simultaneously. Consequently, under this context we may identify the magnitude of one variable impact on another while at the same time accounting for simultaneous relationship between the two paths. The findings of this study go in hand with previous literature and economic theory which have found a positive relationship between visitor satisfaction and visitor expenditure.

This diploma thesis examines the endogeneity hypothesis of the optimum currency area theory. Cyclical components of gross domestic product and index of industrial production are identified by three selected techniques. The convergence of the surveyed countries is assessed by correlation and cluster analysis. Correlation coefficients between the euro area and the 26 countries are used as dependent variables. Independent variables represent the optimum currency area criteria. Influence of the optimum currency area criteria upon the correlation of business cycles is verified in the 66 simple and 11 multivariate regressions. According to the empirical results, convergence of business cycles is endogenous, endogeneity hypothesis is not rejected.

我國於民國87年實施兩稅合一制度，為了驗證兩稅合一實施後企業投資與理財行為是否受到顯著的影響，並進而評估財稅當局實施兩稅合一是否能達成鼓勵投資與提高租稅中立性（降低企業舉債之誘因），本研究將採用台灣經濟新報資料庫的企業財報資料來進行實證研究。 有鑑於企業的新增投資與企業的負債比率兩者相互影響，若分別予以估計，則可能產生偏誤，因此本研究將影響企業投資行為方程式與影響企業負債比率方程式加以聯立，然而若只是利用傳統的最小平方法（OLS）並以聯立方程式模型（simultaneous equations model）實證，則對於企業之時間序列—橫斷面資料（以下簡稱panel data）的廠商特定效果或是不可觀察的效果仍無法消除，因此要同時考量panel data的處理與變數互為內生的問題，就必須利用聯立方程式模型來處理panel data，這也是本文主要的實證方法。 實證結果顯示兩稅合一實施後企業新增資本投資有顯著的增加，符合預期。此外就降低負債比率方面，結果顯示實施兩稅合一後企業之負債比率顯著降低。

The aim of this thesis is to define nominal and real convergence within the area of the European Union and to assess its development on the example of the Czech and Slovak Republics. This dissertation is divided into three integrated sections. The theoretical part analyses basic economic concepts related to the issue of convergence and stability of joint economic units. The topics covered include the Maastricht criteria, their relevance, currentness and possible conflict between nominal and real convergence with the accession of new countries, then the theory of optimum currency area (OCA), theory of endogeneity and exogeneity and the linkage on fiscal policy and fiscal discipline in the environment of the European Union and the eurozone. Special attention is focused on the development of fiscal policy following from the establishment of the Stability and Growth Pact, including its reforms and recent changes in the form of the Euro Plus Pact and the Fiscal Convention. To satisfy the need for quantitative evaluation of given hypotheses, the second (empirical and analytical) part offers two self-constructed indices - the index of real convergence and fiscal discipline index. Based on these indices, relationship between the performance criteria of nominal and the real economy is monitored in the evaluated cohort. The last part of this work is dedicated to synthesis and application of findings from the previous sections upon which conclusions and recommendations for possible entry of the Czech Republic into the euro area are made.