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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Posterior capsule opacification and postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery : predictive and protective factors /

Wejde, Gisela, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
2

Chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: patterns of use and economic costs

Rosha, Deepinder Singh January 2006 (has links)
Objectives: The objectives of study were to (i) examine the regional differences in methods of performing cataract surgery across different jurisdictions in Australia and New Zealand (ii) identify risk factors for post-operative endophthalmitis and (iii) explore the implication of changes in surgical practice on the number of cases of post-operative endophthalmitis and resultant net cost to health system. Methods: Cataract surgeons across Australia and New Zealand were surveyed about their demographics, surgical techniques, use of pre- and post-operative antibiotics and antiseptics and cases of post-operative endophthalmitis. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the regional variations in the use of methods of chemoprophylaxis and surgical practices. Multivariate Poisson regression was performed to identify factors associated with the incidence of post-operative endophthalmitis. A cost analysis was conducted to determine the impact of an increased use of chemoprophylatic treatment on the number of cases of post-operative endophthalmitis and net cost savings to the health system from its use. In addition, the results of the current survey of surgical practices of cataract surgeons was compared with those from an earlier survey conducted approximately 10 years ago. Result: The response to the survey of ophthalmologists was 82%, but after excluding ophthalmologists who did little or no cataract surgery, the study sample comprised 540 participants of the 896 who were initially sent the survey. Participating cataract surgeons reported 162,120 cataract surgeries and 92 cases of post-operative endophthalmitis, an incidence rate of 0.056%. Regional variations were found in the methods of chemoprophylaxis and surgical techniques. / Chloramphenicol was the most frequently used topical antibiotic in Australia, while neomycin was used by majority of cataract surgeons in New Zealand. The only notable change found over the past decade was a sharp fall in use of subconjunctival antibiotics from 75% to 45% in the current survey. A slight increase in use of post-operative topical antibiotics was noticed. Subconjunctival injection of antibiotics was the only form of chemoprophylaxis associated with a reduction in incidence of endophthalmitis. Results from this survey indicated that cataract surgeons routinely using corneal or limbal incisions had an incidence of endophthalmitis considerably higher than those surgeons routinely using scleral wounds, whilst surgeons routinely using temporally sited wounds had almost half the incidence of endophthalmitis compared to surgeons using superior wounds. The cost implications of subconjunctival gentamycin injection for chemoprophylaxis were examined. Additional costs of subconjunctival antibiotics were subtracted from the reduced cost of treating fewer cases endophthalmitis. There would potentially be a net saving to the Australian health system of $ 110,354 if all cataract surgeons used subconjunctival chemoprophylaxis. Conclusion: Regional variation in chemoprophylaxis and surgical techniques did not entirely explain differences in post-operative endophthalmitis incidence. Subconjunctival antibiotics would only need to reduce the incidence of endophthalmitis by 15% for it to be cost-effective.
3

Bilateral endogenous ophthalmitis due to Candida glabrata after complicated bariatric surgery

Pizango, O., Tejeda, E., Buendia, M., Lujana, S. 24 March 2015 (has links)
orionpizango@gmail.com / Case report: A 43-year-old female presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye.“Snowball-like” retinal lesions were found in both eyes on examination. Due to a lackof improvement with intravitreal antifungal empirical treatment, vitreous culture wasperformed and Candida glabrata was isolated. The patient then received intravitreal ampho-tericin B, as well as systemic treatment with caspofungin and amphotericin B lipid complex.Discussion: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening condition. There arefew reports of C. glabrata endogenous endophthalmitis. Treatment regimens for Candidaendophthalmitis include combinations of systemic and/or intravitreal antifungals, as wellas vitrectomy.
4

Endoftalmite bacteriana: aspectos epidemiológicos e diagnósticos / Bacterial endophthalmitis: epidemiologic and diagnostic aspects

Melo, Gustavo Barreto de [UNIFESP] 22 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-22 / Objetivos: I- Relatar a incidência de endoftalmite bacteriana e a frequência dos microorganismos identificados numa instituição brasileira. II- Avaliar a frequência de microorganismos isolados de pacientes com endoftalmite bacteriana e sua suscetibilidade antimicrobiana. III- Determinar a aplicabilidade da reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) no diagnóstico de endoftalmite bacteriana pós-operatória em casos diagnosticados clinicamente, e avaliar a presença de DNA bacteriano em amostras-controles. Métodos: I- Todos os casos com diagnóstico clínico de endoftalmite pós-operatória de 2002 a 2008 foram incluídos nesta análise retrospectiva. Foram avaliados: número de cirurgias de catarata, incidência de endoftalmite, positividade dos exames laboratoriais de bacterioscopia e cultura de aquoso e vítreo e os resultados dos antibiogramas. II- Foi feita análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes com suspeita diagnóstica de endoftalmite bacteriana. As seguintes informações foram avaliadas: número de casos com diagnóstico clínico de endoftalmite e com cultura positiva, fatores predisponentes para a infecção, bacterioscopia e cultura (aquoso e/ou vítreo), caracterização microbiológica e sua frequência, bem como suscetibilidade antimicrobiana. III- Foram incluídas amostras de olhos de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de endoftalmite, de provável origem infecciosa, após cirurgia de catarata, assim como amostras de vítreo e de aquoso de olhos sem infecção ou reação inflamatória para controle. Foi realizada PCR em tempo real universal e específica para Gram bem como foram determinados sensibilidade e limiar de ciclos (Ct) da reação. Também foram realizadas bacterioscopia e cultura para as amostras clínicas. Resultados: I- Setenta e três olhos de 73 pacientes (43 do sexo feminino e 30 do masculino) desenvolveram inflamação ocular de provável etiologia infecciosa após 24.590 cirurgias de catarata. A incidência reduziu-se de 0,49% em 2003 para 0,17% em 2006 e estabilizou-se nos anos subsequentes. Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa (SCoN) e Streptococcus viridans (56,5% e 15%, respectivamente) foram as bactérias mais comuns. Cultura e bacterioscopia foram negativas em 36,9%. SCoN apresentou taxas de sensibilidade de 80% à oxacilina, 90% às quinolonas de quarta geração e 100% à vancomicina. II- Cento e sete (46%) de 231 pacientes com endoftalmite bacteriana tiveram resultados positivos por bacterioscopia ou cultura. Desses, 97 (42%) pacientes tiveram positividade apenas na cultura. A maioria (62%) foi decorrente de procedimento cirúrgico (pós-operatório), 12% após trauma e 26% de fonte desconhecida. Foram isolados 100 micro-organismos (38 amostras de aquoso e 67 de vítreo) de 97 casos positivos na cultura. SCoN foram os mais frequentemente isolados (48%), seguidos por Streptococcus viridans (18%) e Staphylococcus aureus (13%). A suscetibilidade antimicrobiana para SCoN foi: vancomicina - 100%, cefalotina – 97,9%, cloranfenicol – 91,8%, amicacina – 91,6%, moxifloxacino – 89,5%, tobramicina – 85,4% gatifloxacino – 79,5%, gentamicina – 72,9%, ofloxacino – 70,8%, ciprofloxacino – 62,5%, oxacilina – 58,3%, ceftriaxona – 50% e penicilina – 33,3%. III- Onze pacientes com endoftalmite infecciosa (9 amostras de vítreo e 7 de aquoso) após cirurgia de catarata foram incluídos, assim como 12 amostras de vítreo e 50 de aquoso de olhos-controles. Foi possível identificar 80% e 70% dos pacientes com endoftalmite infecciosa por meio de bacterioscopia e cultura, respectivamente. PCR em tempo real foi positiva em 91% dos pacientes utilizando-se amostras de aquoso e/ou vítreo. Nenhum dos 12 vítreos-controles foi positivo por PCR em tempo real. Duas das amostras-controles de aquoso foram positivas. O ponto de corte do limiar de ciclos para PCR universal foi 36 (sensibilidade: 93,8%; especificidade: 100%) e 38 para PCR gram-específico (sensibilidade: 93,8%; especificidade: 100%). Micro-organismos gram-positivos predominaram e a acuidade visual variou de acordo com a bactéria causadora. Conclusões: I- A incidência de endoftalmite bacteriana, os micro-organismos isolados e a sensibilidade aos antibióticos estão em acordo com a literatura. Apesar do uso profilático de colírio antibiótico, casos de infecção foram identificados em bactérias sensíveis aos antibióticos usados topicamente. II- Bactérias gram-positivas foram as principais causas de endoftalmite infecciosa. SCoN foi o isolado mais comum e a suscetibilidade à oxacilina e às quinolonas de quarta geração foi menor do que relatado na literatura. III- PCR em tempo real é um método diagnóstico rápido e sensível nos casos de endoftalmite bacteriana. Sendo um método quantitativo, também pode servir para uma nova e distinta aplicação: diferenciação entre contaminação e infecção com base nos valores de limiar de ciclos. / Purpose: To report on the incidence, diagnostic technique, microbiological features of endophthalmitis at a university-setting in Brazil. Methods: All cases of presumed postoperative endophthalmitis from 2002 to 2008 at a teaching-hospital were included. Main data assessed were: number of cataract surgeries performed, incidence of endophthalmitis, microbiological outcome (aqueous and/or vitreous culture and Gram staining), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the positive cases. Results: Seventy-three eyes of 73 patients (43 females and 30 males) developed endophthalmitis after 24,590 cataract surgeries. The incidence decreased from 0.49% in 2003 to 0.17% in 2006 and stabilized afterwards. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Streptococcus viridans (56.5% and 15%, respectively) were the most common bacterial isolates. Culture and Gram stain were negative in 36.9%. CoNS presented susceptibility rates of 80%-sensitivity to oxacillin, 90% to fourth-generation quinolones and 100% to vancomycin. Conclusions: The rate of endophthalmitis, diagnostic ability of conventional laboratory investigation, microbial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility are in accordance with other findings of the literature. Despite using prophylactic antibiotic drops, it was possible to identify organisms from infected cases that were susceptible to the antibiotics topically applied. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
5

Estudo comparativo sobre a eficácia de dois regimes de instilação do colírio de iodopovidona a 5% em reduzir a flora microbiana conjuntival / Comparative efficacy of two different topical povidoneiodine 5% regimens in reducing conjunctival bacterial flora: a parallel double-masked clinical trial

Letícia Fernandes Barroso 22 September 2017 (has links)
As infecções adquiridas durante cirurgias oftalmológicas podem ter efeitos devastadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de comparar a proporção de culturas bacterianas negativas no fundo de saco conjuntival inferior após uma ou três gotas sequenciais de iodopovidona a 5% (PVPI). Os voluntários foram aleatoriamente designados para receber uma gota de PVPI (grupo PVPI) (no tempo 28 minutos) ou três gotas de PVPI (grupo PVPI+) (nos tempos 0, 20 e 28 minutos) no saco conjuntival inferior em olhos selecionados aleatoriamente. Um cotonete conjuntival foi identicamente obtido cinco minutos antes e 30 minutos após o tempo 0. A espessura corneana central foi medida da mesma maneira antes do tempo 0 e após o tempo 30 minutos. Os esfregaços conjuntivais foram incubados aerobicamente em meio líquido de tioglicolato enriquecido (caldo de carne) e em três meios de cultura sólidos (ágar chocolate, ágar de tripticase-soja com 5% de sangue de ovelha e ágar Sabouraud). No grupo PVPI (n=59), a proporção de olhos com culturas bacterianas negativas após o uso do PVPI (79,7%) não diferiu significativamente do valor basal (76,3%; p=0,7539). No grupo PVPI+ (n=61), a proporção de olhos com culturas bacterianas negativas após instilação de PVPI (85,3%) foi significativamente maior do que antes da intervenção (70,5%) (p=0,0177). No entanto, a análise estatística intergrupos não detectou esta diferença. Não houve diferença significativa na média da espessura corneana central antes e após a intervenção em ambos os grupos. A instilação de três gotas sequenciais de PVPI foi associada ao aumento na proporção de olhos com culturas conjuntivais negativas, enquanto que a instilação de uma única gota de PVPI não demonstrou este aumento. É necessário um estudo mais aprofundado para determinar se a diferença entre os regimes de administração da PVPI está associada a diferentes taxas de infecções oculares pós-operatórias. / Infections acquired during ophthalmic surgery can be devastating. The purpose of the current study is to compare the proportion of negative bacterial cultures after one versus three sequential drops of povidone-iodine (PI) 5% into the inferior conjunctival fornix. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 (PI group) drop (at time 28 minutes) or three (PI plus group) sequential drops (at time 0, 20 and 28 minutes) of PI 5% into the inferior conjunctival sac of one randomly selected eye. A conjunctival swab was identically obtained 5 minutes before and 30 minutes after time 0. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured in the same way before time 0 and after time 30. Conjunctival swabs were incubated aerobically in enriched Thioglycolate liquid medium (meat broth) and in three solid culture media (chocolate agar, trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, and Sabouraud agar). In the PI group (n=59), the proportion of eyes with negative bacterial cultures after PI (79.7%) did not differ significantly from baseline (76.3%; p=0.7539). In the PI plus group (n=61), the proportion of eyes with negative bacterial cultures after PI (85.3%) was significantly higher than before PI (70.5%) (p=0.0177). However, the intergroup statistical analysis did not detect this difference.There was no significant difference in mean CCT before and after the intervention in both groups. Instillation of three sequential drops of PI was associated with an increase in the proportion of eyes with negative conjunctival cultures, while instillation of a single drop of PI did not demonstrate this increase.Further study is warranted to determine whether the difference between the PI administration regimens is also associated with differences in the rates of postoperative ocular infections.
6

Estudo comparativo sobre a eficácia de dois regimes de instilação do colírio de iodopovidona a 5% em reduzir a flora microbiana conjuntival / Comparative efficacy of two different topical povidoneiodine 5% regimens in reducing conjunctival bacterial flora: a parallel double-masked clinical trial

Barroso, Letícia Fernandes 22 September 2017 (has links)
As infecções adquiridas durante cirurgias oftalmológicas podem ter efeitos devastadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de comparar a proporção de culturas bacterianas negativas no fundo de saco conjuntival inferior após uma ou três gotas sequenciais de iodopovidona a 5% (PVPI). Os voluntários foram aleatoriamente designados para receber uma gota de PVPI (grupo PVPI) (no tempo 28 minutos) ou três gotas de PVPI (grupo PVPI+) (nos tempos 0, 20 e 28 minutos) no saco conjuntival inferior em olhos selecionados aleatoriamente. Um cotonete conjuntival foi identicamente obtido cinco minutos antes e 30 minutos após o tempo 0. A espessura corneana central foi medida da mesma maneira antes do tempo 0 e após o tempo 30 minutos. Os esfregaços conjuntivais foram incubados aerobicamente em meio líquido de tioglicolato enriquecido (caldo de carne) e em três meios de cultura sólidos (ágar chocolate, ágar de tripticase-soja com 5% de sangue de ovelha e ágar Sabouraud). No grupo PVPI (n=59), a proporção de olhos com culturas bacterianas negativas após o uso do PVPI (79,7%) não diferiu significativamente do valor basal (76,3%; p=0,7539). No grupo PVPI+ (n=61), a proporção de olhos com culturas bacterianas negativas após instilação de PVPI (85,3%) foi significativamente maior do que antes da intervenção (70,5%) (p=0,0177). No entanto, a análise estatística intergrupos não detectou esta diferença. Não houve diferença significativa na média da espessura corneana central antes e após a intervenção em ambos os grupos. A instilação de três gotas sequenciais de PVPI foi associada ao aumento na proporção de olhos com culturas conjuntivais negativas, enquanto que a instilação de uma única gota de PVPI não demonstrou este aumento. É necessário um estudo mais aprofundado para determinar se a diferença entre os regimes de administração da PVPI está associada a diferentes taxas de infecções oculares pós-operatórias. / Infections acquired during ophthalmic surgery can be devastating. The purpose of the current study is to compare the proportion of negative bacterial cultures after one versus three sequential drops of povidone-iodine (PI) 5% into the inferior conjunctival fornix. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 (PI group) drop (at time 28 minutes) or three (PI plus group) sequential drops (at time 0, 20 and 28 minutes) of PI 5% into the inferior conjunctival sac of one randomly selected eye. A conjunctival swab was identically obtained 5 minutes before and 30 minutes after time 0. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured in the same way before time 0 and after time 30. Conjunctival swabs were incubated aerobically in enriched Thioglycolate liquid medium (meat broth) and in three solid culture media (chocolate agar, trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, and Sabouraud agar). In the PI group (n=59), the proportion of eyes with negative bacterial cultures after PI (79.7%) did not differ significantly from baseline (76.3%; p=0.7539). In the PI plus group (n=61), the proportion of eyes with negative bacterial cultures after PI (85.3%) was significantly higher than before PI (70.5%) (p=0.0177). However, the intergroup statistical analysis did not detect this difference.There was no significant difference in mean CCT before and after the intervention in both groups. Instillation of three sequential drops of PI was associated with an increase in the proportion of eyes with negative conjunctival cultures, while instillation of a single drop of PI did not demonstrate this increase.Further study is warranted to determine whether the difference between the PI administration regimens is also associated with differences in the rates of postoperative ocular infections.
7

Pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis

Wiskur, Brandt Justin. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves 173-205.
8

Etude PK/PD du linézolide et de la daptomycine et intérêt de l'IRM associée aux USPIOS dans deux modèles d'infections expérimentales à Staphylococcus aureus chez le lapin : endophtalmie et arthrite aiguës / PK/PD study of linezolid and daptomycin and USPIO-enhanced MRI in acute endophthalmitis and arthritis in rabbits

Lefevre, Sophie 25 October 2012 (has links)
Staphylococcus aureus est une des espèces bactériennes les plus fréquemment responsable des cas d’endophtalmie et d’arthrite aiguës chez l’homme. Nous avons étudié la pharmacodynamie oculaire du linézolide et de la daptomycine, ainsi que leur toxicité, dans un modèle d’endophtalmie expérimentale chez le lapin. Il est apparu que seule une dose très élevée delinézolide administrée par voie intravitréenne (30mg/0,1mL) présentait une efficacité bactérioclinique. Aucune altération de la fonction visuelle n’a été mise en évidence. La dose intravitréenne efficace de daptomycine (1mg/0,1mL) était quant à elle responsable d’une altération significative de l’intégrité fonctionnelle de la rétine. Enfin, la pharmacodynamie de ces deux antibiotiques dans le compartiment oculaire présentait des différences significatives avec les autres sites tissulaires d’infection étudiés à ce jour. Dans la deuxième partie de nos travaux nous nous sommes intéressés à une nouvelle technique d’IRM, associée à des particules d’USPIOs (Ultrasmall SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide). Nous avons montré que cette techniqued’imagerie permettait d’une part la mise en évidence de l’infiltration des macrophages dans la synoviale infectée, et, d’autre part, la visualisation de la guérison de l’articulation, contrairement à l’imagerie conventionnelle à base de chélates de gadolinium. Cette technique innovante offre donc une nouvelle dimension à l’imagerie ostéo-articulaire grâce à une mise en évidence in vivo plus spécifique des phénomènes pathologiques. / Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of acute endophthalmitis and arthritis in humans. In the first part, we investigated the ocular pharmacodynamics and safety of two recently approved antistaphylcoccal antibiotics, linezolid and daptomycin. Only a very high intravitreal dose of linezolid (30 mg / 0.1 mL) showed a bactericidal and clinical efficacy. Suchintraocular concentrations appeared to be safe for the retinal function, and linezolide could be considered as a promising therapeutic alternative. The effective intravitreal dose of daptomycin (1 mg / 0.1 mL) was responsible for a significant impairment of the functional integrity of the retina. Finally, the ocular pharmacodynamics of these two antibiotics showed special features in comparison with the one of other types of tissue infection. In a second part, we evaluated a newimaging method in experimental infectious arthritis, by using MRI enhanced by ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO). We first showed this method can depict the macrophage infiltration in infected synovium, and secondly it can demonstrate resolution of joint infection, in contrast to conventional MRI performed by gadolinium chelates. This in vivo non invasive imaging method therefore presents a new dimension in musculoskeletal imaging by accurately helping monitor bacterial joint infection.
9

Outbreak of Ochrobactrum anthropi endophthalmitis following cataract surgery

Mattos, Fellipe Berno 11 November 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_7206_Outbreak of Ochrobactrum anthropi endophthalmites following cataract surgery.pdf: 114449 bytes, checksum: c89d6abc157b93a9d71ed933dca2014c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-11 / Endoftalmite infecciosa após cirurgia muitas vezes progride para deficiência visual significativa e irreversível. A tese descreve um surto de endoftalmite por Ochrobactrum anthropi ocorrido após cirurgia de catarata e propõe um novo protocolo de esterilização para minimizar o risco de novos casos. Prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstiico firmado de O. anthropi por cultura ou com achados clínicos sugestivos durante o surto foram revisados. Sete casos de endoftalmite por O. anthropi foram confirmados entre 24 de Julho e 10 de novembro de 2010. A causa mais provável do surto foi a contaminação da tubulação da máquina de facoemulsificação. Após a introdução do novo protocolo de esterilização, não houve mais casos de endoftalmite, independente da causa, em mais de 1000 procedimentos subsequentes.
10

Third Case of Candida Dubliniensis Endogenous Endophthalmitis in North America: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Rosenberger, Elizabeth, Youssef, Dima A., Safdar, Sara, Larzo, Cristoforo R., Myers, James 01 January 2014 (has links)
There are two previous reports of Candida dubliniensis endophthalmitis in North America. Here, we report a third case of C. dubliniensis endogenous endophthalmitis in a 31-year-old male patient who complained of left-sided decreased visual acuity. He had an associated mitral and tricuspid valve endocarditis, in the setting of intravenous drug use. Blood and sputum cultures were positive for C. dubliniensis. Fundoscopic examination was consistent with a fungal endophthalmitis. He was treated with fluconazole followed by intravenous liposomal amphotericin B for 6 weeks. C. dubliniensis is an important but rare cause of endophthalmitis in intravenous drug abusers.

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