Ces travaux de thèse avaient pour objectif la synthèse asymétrique d’hétérocycles énantioenrichis par des méthodes à hautes valeurs ajoutées. Pour cela des catalyseurs ont été employés dans des réactions de cycloaddition. D’une part, l’organocatalyse asymétrique permet d’utiliser un matériel chiral peu coûteux en faible quantité pour générer des produits chiraux, d’autre part, les réactions de cycloadditions permettent une économie d’atome certaine et la création de plusieurs liaisons en une réaction.La première partie de cette thèse concerne des réactions de cycloadditions d’aza-Diels-Alder à demande inverse en électrons. Ces travaux mettent en jeu des 1-Azadiènes et des énecarbamates pour générer des tétrahydropyridines possédant 3 centres stéréogènes contigus.Les produits ont été obtenus sous la forme d’un seul diastéréomère avec de bons rendements et de bons excès énantiomérique. La modification des substrats sur diverses positions a été possible sans influencer l’efficacité de la réaction.Dans la seconde partie, une réaction de cycloaddition entre des quinones et des énecarbamates a été étudiée. L’utilisation d’un acide phosphorique à squelette SPINOL s’est révélée très efficaces, menant à des 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuranes optiquement actifs. Les produits sont isolés avec d’excellents rendements et excès énantiomériques, mais des ratios diastéréomériques faibles. Ces derniers peuvent être améliorés en engageant des énethiocarbamates.Une cascade réactionnelle peut aussi être effectuée en formant la quinone in situ à l’aide d’un réactif hypervalent iodé. L’étendue de notre cycloaddition ainsi que sa variante initié par du PIDA est conséquente mais reste encore à améliorer. Différentes hydroquinones seront ainsi évaluées. Les cycloadduits seront ultérieurement transformés de manière à valoriser cette méthodologie. Les configurations relatives et absolues des centres asymétriques formés seront déterminées avec précision par cliché de diffraction des rayons X. Ces pistes sont en cours d’étude et de réalisation au laboratoire.Enfin, la dernière partie concerne une réaction de cycloaddition 1,3-Dipolaire entre des nitrones et des énecarbamates. Si l’utilisation d’un acide phosphorique ne s’est pas révélée efficace, l’utilisation d’un phosphate de cuivre est en revanche convaincante. Initialement, la réaction a montré d’excellents résultats, malheureusement non reproductibles. Une optimisation rigoureuse a été nécessaire pour obtenir des résultats satisfaisants. Cette réaction nécessite une évaluation de son étendue vis-À-Vis des énecarbamates. Des transformations sont également envisagées pour valoriser cette méthodologie. / This thesis works were aimed the asymmetric synthesis of optically pure heterocycles by high added value methodology. On one hand, the asymmetric organocatalysis allows using an inexpensive chiral materials in small quantities to generate chiral products, on the other hand, the cycloaddition reactions allow atom economy and the creation of several bonds in one reaction.The first part of this thesis concerns inverse electron demand aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. These works involve 1-Azadienes and enecarbamates to generate tetrahydropyridines with three contiguous stereocenters.The products were obtained as a single diastereomer in good yields and good enantiomeric excess. The modification of substrates at various positions was possible without influencing the efficiency of the reaction.In the second part, a cycloaddition reaction between quinones and enecarbamates was studied. The use of a backbone SPINOL phosphoric acid proved to be very effective, leading to optically active 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans. The products are isolated in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses, but low diastereomeric ratios. These can be improved by engaging enethiocarbamates.A cascade reaction may also be carried out by forming the quinone in situ with a hypervalent iodine reagent. The scope of our cycloaddition and its variant initiated by PIDA is substantial but still needs to be improved. Different hydroquinones will thus be evaluated. The cycloadducts will later be transformed to develop this methodology.The last part concerns a 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitrones and enecarbamates. If the use of a phosphoric acid has not proved effective, using a copper phosphate is convincing. Initially, the reaction shown excellent results, unfortunately not reproducible. A rigorous optimization was necessary to obtain satisfactory results. This reaction requires an assessment of its extent. Transformations are also envisaged to enhance the methodology.

Orientador: Carlos Roque Duarte Correia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T11:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costenaro_EdsonRoberto_D.pdf: 7691338 bytes, checksum: dba4657688a017bd010305e85e0d8f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos existe um grande interesse na obtenção de nucleosídeos e derivados estruturalmente relacionados em virtude do amplo espectro de atividades biológicas apresentadas por essa classe de compostos. Diversos tipos de análogos apresentando as mais diversas alterações estruturais têm sido relatados, entre os quais os azanucleosídeos, onde o átomo de oxigênio da porção glicosídica é substituído por um átomo de nitrogênio. Na primeira parte deste trabalho vários enecarbamatos endocíclicos quirais de cinco membros, enantiomericamente puros (CG-quiral), foram obtidos em uma seqüência de sete etapas a partir do ácido L-glutâmico e utilizados na síntese de azanucleosídeos. Na segunda parte deste trabalho utilizou-se a adição eletrofílica de brometo de fenilselenenila à enecarbamatos endocíclicos como etapa chave na obtenção de uma série de N-azanucleosídeos inéditos (estruturalmente relacionados às drogas atualmente utilizadas no coquetel anti-HIV). Na última parte deste trabalho, durante um estudo que avaliou os fatores que determinam a diastereosseletividade facial na arilação de Heck de enecarbamatos endocíclicos com sais de diazônio, foi desenvolvida a síntese total e estereosseletiva do C-azanucleosídeo de Schramm (uma pirrolidina sintética com potente atividade tripanocida). Este estudo ilustra a versatilidade de enecarbamatos endocíclicos como intermediários sintéticos na construção de moléculas mais complexas / Abstract: There was a great interest in the preparation of nucleosides and derivatives in the last years due to the large spectrum of biological activities of these substances. Several analoges with structural modifications have been reported in the literature, such as azanucleosides, where the oxigen atom of the glicosidic portion is replaced by a nitrogen. In the first part of this work, several five membered ring endocyclic enecarbamates, that are enantiomerically pure (chiral-GC), were obtained in seven steps sequence from L-glutamic acid and used in the synthesis of azanucleosides. In the second part of this work, the eletrophilic addition of phenylselenenyl bromide to endocyclic enecarbamates was used as the key step in synthesis of a unpublished series of N-azanucleosides (structurally related to the drugs presents in the anti-HIV cocktail). In the last step of this work, during a study to determinate the factors that command the facial diastereoselectivity on the Heck arylation of endocyclic enecarbamates with diazonium salts, a total and stereoselective synthesis of Schramm C-azanucleoside (a synthetic pyrrolidine with potent tripanocidal activity) was performed. These studies have show the versatility of endocyclic enecarbamates as synthetic intermediates to the building of more complex molecules / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Carlos Roque Duarte Correia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T11:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azevedo_LuizFabriciodaSilva_M.pdf: 1610950 bytes, checksum: 7d31330e73f1ffeb923f119448edcc2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esfingolipídios são compostos naturais que apresentam uma miríade de atividades biológicas conhecidas. A esfingosina é o exemplo mais representativo desta classe de compostos. Este trabalho está relacionado com a síntese de um análogo cíclico da esfingosina. A primeira parte esteve relacionada com a preparação do hidroxilactol F. Inicialmente o enecarbamato B foi preparado a partir da 2-pirrolidinona A através de 2 metodologias; a mais eficiente realizada em "one-pot" com rendimento global de 60%. A funcionalização da dupla endociclica do enecarbamato B foi efetuada com sucesso a partir da reação de cicloadição do tipo [2+2] com dicloroceteno. Esta reação levou a formação da a, a-diclorobutanona C em excelente rendimento (90%). A remoção dos cloros de C com um liga de Zn/Cu em uma solução metanóica de NH4Cl, levou a obtenção da ciclobutanona D em moderado rendimento (50%). A irradiação ultravioleta na presença de ácido acético, seguida pela substituição do grupamento acetil, com BF3-OEt2, pelo grupamento tiofenol, e finalmente a eliminação em meio básico sob refluxo, forneceu o diidrofurano E em bom rendimento global (4 etapas em 53 %). A reação de diidroxilação do diidrofurano E com OsO4 realizada em bom rendimento (87%) completou a sintese do hidroxilactol F. A segunda parte deste trabalho esteve realizada com os estudos visandose à síntese de um análogo cíclico da esfingosina. A melhor rota encontrada foi a reação do hidroxilactol F com [Ph3PCH3]+Br- que levou a obtenção da olefina desejada em baixo rendimento. A reação de metátese com 1-octadeceno, realizada em bom rendimento (80%) e a desproteção de G com Et3SiH e CF3CO2H alcançada em bom rendimento (89%), completaram a síntese do composto. A síntese convergente do análogo cíclico da esfingosina, partindo-se da 2- pirrolidinona A foi alcançada em 14 etapas e com rendimento global de 14% / Abstract: Sphingosine are natural compounds that bear multiple known biological activities. The sphingosine molecule is representative of this class of biological compounds. The present study is related to the synthesis of a new cyclic analogue of sphingosine. The first part of this dissertation was focused on the synthesis of the hydroxy lactol F. The synthesis began with distinct methodologies: The most efficient one was realized by a ¿one-pot¿ procedure to provide the enecarbamate B in 60% overall yield. The endocyclic double bond funcionalization of B was performed with sucess employing a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with dichloroketene. This reaction yielded the corresponding a,a-dichlorocyclobutanone C in excellent yields (90%). The removal of the chlorine atoms of C was carried out using a Zn/Cu alloy in a methanol solution of NH4Cl, to give the cyclobutanone D in moderate yieelds (50%). Ultraviolet irradiation of D in the presence of acetic acid, followed by replacement of the acethyl group by thiophenol, promoted by BF3-OEt2, and elimination in basic medium under reflux, provided the dihydrofuran intermediate E in good overall yields (53% over 4 steps). Finally, stereoselective dihydroxylation of E with OsO4 furnished the hydroxylactol F in 87% yield. In the second part of this dissertation we focused on the synthesis of the cyclic analogue of sphingosine. The best route examined involved the olefination of the intermediate hydrolactol F wiht [Ph3PCH3]+Br- to provide the desired trans olefin in low yields. Olefin metathesis of this olefin with 1-octadecene gave intermediate G in a good yield of 80%. Next, the Boc protected olefin G was deprotected with Et3SiH and CF3CO2H to provide the desired cyclic analogue of sphingosine in 89% yield. The stereocontrolled total synthesis of this new cyclic analogue of sphingosine was accomplished from 2-pyrrolidinone A in 11 steps with an overall yield of 14% / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

De nos jours, parmi toutes les transformations chimiques dont disposent les chimistes organiciens, le réarrangement sigmatropique [3,3] constitue un outil puissant afin de créer une liaison C-C ou encore C-hétéroatome. Le réarrangement d’allyl cyanate en allyl isocyanate, jusqu’ici peu utilisé, est en train d’émerger, comme une nouvelle méthode efficace de préparation d’allylamines substituées. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit mon travail de thèse qui a pour objectif d’étudier et d’utiliser le réarrangement sigmatropique [3,3] d’allyl cyanates diversement substitués pour la synthèse de molécules d’intérêt biologique. Dans une première partie, l’emploi d’allyl cyanates borylés nous a permis de synthétiser, de façon stéréocontrôlée, des ènecarbamates et des ènehydroxyurées cycliques à 7 chainons ainsi que des γ-butyrolactones. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée à la première synthèse totale de la (-)-Galbacin. Les ènecarbamates cycliques ont fait l’objet, en seconde partie, d’une étude structure-activité en tant qu’inhibiteur du protéasome humain. Dans une troisième partie, nous avons étudié le réarrangement d’allyl cyanates silylés ce qui nous a permis d’accéder à des α-amino allylsilanes énantioenrichis. En dernière partie, nous avons mis en évidence un oxo-réarrangement à partir d’allyl carbamates substitués par un groupement aryle. / Nowadays, among all chemical transformations in the organic chemist’s toolbox, [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangements represent a powerful method to create carbon-carbon or even carbon-heteroatom bonds. The allyl cyanate to allyl isocyanate rearrangement, underused so far, is becoming an attractive method to prepare substituted allylamines. In this context, I studied and applied in my thesis this [3,3] rearrangement on diversely substituted allyl cyanates for the synthesis of molecules of biological interest. First, we used borylated allyl cyanates to prepare, stereoselectively, cyclic seven membered enecarbamates and enehydroxyureas as well as γ-butyrolactones. This methodology was applied to the first total synthesis of (-)-Galbacin. Then, a library of cyclic enecarbamates was performed to study the structure-activity relationship on the human proteasome. Next, the study of silylated allyl cyanates allowed us to prepare some new enantioenriched α-amino allylsilanes. Finally, we brought to light an unexpected oxo-rearrangement from aryl substituted allyl carbamates.