Sveriges skogar får i och med det ökande gröna energibehovet en allt mer betydande roll i framtidens energiförsörjning. Effektiviteten i uttaget måste bli bättre för att på bästa sätt förvalta den råvara som man finns och på det sättet få ut mer energi och hålla kostnaderna nere. Denna rapport är ett delprojekt av CHRISGAS (Clean Hydrogen-RIch Synthesis GAS). Projektet syftar till att genom förgasning av biomassa demonstrera framställning av väterik syntetisk gas för tillverkning av fordonsbränsle. Resultatet i denna rapport skall visa metoder för en effektiv tillförsel av skogsbränsle till industrier för energiomvandling. Vid insamling och hantering av avverkningsrester från grandominerade slutavverkningsbestånd i Sverige finns det tre olika grundalternativ: sönderdelning på hygget, sönderdelning vid avlägg eller sönderdelning vid industri. Den mest använda hanteringsmetoden för skogsbränsleuttag i Sverige är anpassad efter värmeverkens önskemål samt vilka rekommendationer som ges med hänsyn till skogsmarkens näringsbalans. Det betyder att idag låter man merparten av skogsbränslet barrar av i processorhögar ute på hygget innan det samlas ihop på ett eller annat sätt. För att bedöma effektiviteten är det i slutändan hur mycket energi som man kan få ut från skogsmarken i förhållande till vad hanteringen kostar som räknas. Beroende på vilken hanteringsmetod som används leder hantering och lagring av skogsbränslet till att det försvinner mellan 30-50 % torrmassa utav den potentiella mängd som finns på hygget vid avverkningen. Om man utgår från att normalkostnaden är den kostnad på 117 kr/MWh som uppstår när skogsbränslet lagras i processorhögar över sommaren och sedan skotas ihop till vältor skulle kostnaden sänkas med 25–30 % genom någon form av buntning. / With this increased need for green energy, Sweden’s forest will get an ever more important roll in the future energy supply. Better efficiency in withdrawal is needed to manage a raw material the best way and thus get more energy and keep the costs down. This report is a part of the CHRISGAS project (Clean Hydrogen-RIch Synthesis GAS). Through gasification of biomass, the project aims to demonstrate a proposed hydrogen-rich synthetic gas for the production of vehicle fuel. The results in this report will show methods for an effective supplying of forest fuel to industries for energy conversion. During the collection and handling of logging residuals in a spruce-dominated final logging clump in Sweden, there are three basic alternatives: comminution at the logging area, comminution at the depot or comminution at industry. The most used handling method for forest fuel withdrawal in Sweden is adapted to the wishes of the heating plant as well as which recommendations consider the nutritional balance of the forest land. This means that the majority of forest fuel sheds its needles in the processing piles out in the clearing before it is collected in one way or another. In the end, to assess the efficiency, it is how much energy that can be taken from the forest land in relation to the handling cost that counts. Depending on which handling method is used, the handling and storage of forest fuel leads a loss of between 30-50% dry matter from the potential amount found in the clearing during logging. If we consider that the normal cost is the cost of 117 kr/MWh that arises when forest fuel is stored in small piles during the summer and then forwards together on windrows, the cost would decrease by 25-30% through some form of bundling.

<p>Sveriges skogar får i och med det ökande gröna energibehovet en allt mer betydande roll i framtidens energiförsörjning.</p><p>Effektiviteten i uttaget måste bli bättre för att på bästa sätt förvalta den råvara som man finns och på det sättet få ut mer</p><p>energi och hålla kostnaderna nere. Denna rapport är ett delprojekt av CHRISGAS (Clean Hydrogen-RIch Synthesis GAS).</p><p>Projektet syftar till att genom förgasning av biomassa demonstrera framställning av väterik syntetisk gas för tillverkning av</p><p>fordonsbränsle. Resultatet i denna rapport skall visa metoder för en effektiv tillförsel av skogsbränsle till industrier för</p><p>energiomvandling. Vid insamling och hantering av avverkningsrester från grandominerade slutavverkningsbestånd i</p><p>Sverige finns det tre olika grundalternativ: sönderdelning på hygget, sönderdelning vid avlägg eller sönderdelning vid</p><p>industri. Den mest använda hanteringsmetoden för skogsbränsleuttag i Sverige är anpassad efter värmeverkens önskemål</p><p>samt vilka rekommendationer som ges med hänsyn till skogsmarkens näringsbalans. Det betyder att idag låter man</p><p>merparten av skogsbränslet barrar av i processorhögar ute på hygget innan det samlas ihop på ett eller annat sätt. För att</p><p>bedöma effektiviteten är det i slutändan hur mycket energi som man kan få ut från skogsmarken i förhållande till vad</p><p>hanteringen kostar som räknas. Beroende på vilken hanteringsmetod som används leder hantering och lagring av</p><p>skogsbränslet till att det försvinner mellan 30-50 % torrmassa utav den potentiella mängd som finns på hygget vid</p><p>avverkningen. Om man utgår från att normalkostnaden är den kostnad på 117 kr/MWh som uppstår när skogsbränslet</p><p>lagras i processorhögar över sommaren och sedan skotas ihop till vältor skulle kostnaden sänkas med 25–30 % genom</p><p>någon form av buntning.</p> / <p>With this increased need for green energy, Sweden’s forest will get an ever more important roll in the future energy</p><p>supply. Better efficiency in withdrawal is needed to manage a raw material the best way and thus get more energy and</p><p>keep the costs down. This report is a part of the CHRISGAS project (Clean Hydrogen-RIch Synthesis GAS). Through</p><p>gasification of biomass, the project aims to demonstrate a proposed hydrogen-rich synthetic gas for the production of</p><p>vehicle fuel. The results in this report will show methods for an effective supplying of forest fuel to industries for energy</p><p>conversion. During the collection and handling of logging residuals in a spruce-dominated final logging clump in</p><p>Sweden, there are three basic alternatives: comminution at the logging area, comminution at the depot or comminution</p><p>at industry. The most used handling method for forest fuel withdrawal in Sweden is adapted to the wishes of the</p><p>heating plant as well as which recommendations consider the nutritional balance of the forest land. This means that the</p><p>majority of forest fuel sheds its needles in the processing piles out in the clearing before it is collected in one way or</p><p>another. In the end, to assess the efficiency, it is how much energy that can be taken from the forest land in relation to</p><p>the handling cost that counts. Depending on which handling method is used, the handling and storage of forest fuel</p><p>leads a loss of between 30-50% dry matter from the potential amount found in the clearing during logging. If we</p><p>consider that the normal cost is the cost of 117 kr/MWh that arises when forest fuel is stored in small piles during the</p><p>summer and then forwards together on windrows, the cost would decrease by 25-30% through some form of bundling.</p>

<p>Despite big expansion of biogas plants in the world, does not have the levels in the Swedish market succeeded very good. Presently are not so many expanded biogas plants in Sweden. Especially biogas plants that are based on rest products from the industry. This study checks the possibility and takes up the profitability in producing biogas off spill products from rape oil production. The spill product that is interesting in this case is process water with high-energy contents that currently are given away to the local farmers for fertilization of farmland.</p><p> Results from the study show that the process water in itself is not appropriate substrate for digestion in a biogas plant. On the other hand if you use an involvement corresponding 20- 25% graft in the process water can the result become really good. But to use this biogas to heat power plant or upgrading to vehicle fuel can it be unsuitable on the basis of economic calculations. This entirely depends on that production of the process water is too little and that will give a result with smaller amount biogas production. This amount will not be neither enough to be sold to other companies for upgrading or other purposes.</p><p> This problem can be solved through cooperation with the municipality’s sewage treatment or local farmers that will supply their energy needs by themselves. If the cooperation takes in force can biogas plant becomes profitable irrespective of what the biogas will be used to.</p><p> Using biogas in heat power plant to force electricity and heat with minimum 200-kilowatt gas engine can investment be profitable, regardless of if the electricity will be sold on the market or it be used internal. It is also economic to upgrade biogas to vehicle fuel with a minimum prise of 7, 5 SEK/Nm³ biogas.   </p><p> Investment on biogas plant is depending on factors like interest rate, economic contribution, costs and political arrangements so. The results will be changed if the economic factors changed, for examples lower interest rate and higher economic contributions brings profitability in the investment. On the other hand higher raw materials or less economic contribution will make that the investment becomes uneconomical.</p>

Despite big expansion of biogas plants in the world, does not have the levels in the Swedish market succeeded very good. Presently are not so many expanded biogas plants in Sweden. Especially biogas plants that are based on rest products from the industry. This study checks the possibility and takes up the profitability in producing biogas off spill products from rape oil production. The spill product that is interesting in this case is process water with high-energy contents that currently are given away to the local farmers for fertilization of farmland.  Results from the study show that the process water in itself is not appropriate substrate for digestion in a biogas plant. On the other hand if you use an involvement corresponding 20- 25% graft in the process water can the result become really good. But to use this biogas to heat power plant or upgrading to vehicle fuel can it be unsuitable on the basis of economic calculations. This entirely depends on that production of the process water is too little and that will give a result with smaller amount biogas production. This amount will not be neither enough to be sold to other companies for upgrading or other purposes.  This problem can be solved through cooperation with the municipality’s sewage treatment or local farmers that will supply their energy needs by themselves. If the cooperation takes in force can biogas plant becomes profitable irrespective of what the biogas will be used to.  Using biogas in heat power plant to force electricity and heat with minimum 200-kilowatt gas engine can investment be profitable, regardless of if the electricity will be sold on the market or it be used internal. It is also economic to upgrade biogas to vehicle fuel with a minimum prise of 7, 5 SEK/Nm3 biogas.     Investment on biogas plant is depending on factors like interest rate, economic contribution, costs and political arrangements so. The results will be changed if the economic factors changed, for examples lower interest rate and higher economic contributions brings profitability in the investment. On the other hand higher raw materials or less economic contribution will make that the investment becomes uneconomical.