<p>Den här rapporten är ett examensarbete utfört för Volvo Cars Uddevalla vid Linköpings tekniska högskola. Vår uppgift har varit att hjälpa Volvo Cars Uddevalla med att starta arbetet med energieffektivisering. Det gör vi genom att undersöka vilka möjligheter till energieffektiviseringar som finns för att minska framförallt elanvändningen. Vi har föreslagit ett antal effektiviseringsåtgärder genom att titta på de mest energiintensiva processerna på fabriken och målet för elanvändningen är att minska den med 50 procent.</p><p>Effektiviseringsåtgärderna har tagits fram genom att leta systemfel, som i princip alltid finns inom ett företag, och genom att undersöka om icke elspecifika processer kan konverteras till bränslen. Det är framförallt stödprocesserna som undersökts eftersom det oftast är bland dem de största systemfelen finns.</p><p>En uppskattning har slutligen utförts för hur stor energianvändningen blir efter genomförda förändringar. En besparingsberäkning har även genomförts med ett nuvarande och framtida elpris. Vi har däremot inte beräknat kostnaden för till exempel nyinvestering eller konvertering till fjärrvärme. </p><p>Resultatet är att elenergianvändningen har reducerats med 45 procent och fjärrvärmeförbrukningen med 43 procent. Målet uppnåddes som synes ej, men studeras också processventilationen och processbelysningen finns goda möjligheter att reducera elförbrukningen med 50 procent.</p>

Den här rapporten är ett examensarbete utfört för Volvo Cars Uddevalla vid Linköpings tekniska högskola. Vår uppgift har varit att hjälpa Volvo Cars Uddevalla med att starta arbetet med energieffektivisering. Det gör vi genom att undersöka vilka möjligheter till energieffektiviseringar som finns för att minska framförallt elanvändningen. Vi har föreslagit ett antal effektiviseringsåtgärder genom att titta på de mest energiintensiva processerna på fabriken och målet för elanvändningen är att minska den med 50 procent. Effektiviseringsåtgärderna har tagits fram genom att leta systemfel, som i princip alltid finns inom ett företag, och genom att undersöka om icke elspecifika processer kan konverteras till bränslen. Det är framförallt stödprocesserna som undersökts eftersom det oftast är bland dem de största systemfelen finns. En uppskattning har slutligen utförts för hur stor energianvändningen blir efter genomförda förändringar. En besparingsberäkning har även genomförts med ett nuvarande och framtida elpris. Vi har däremot inte beräknat kostnaden för till exempel nyinvestering eller konvertering till fjärrvärme. Resultatet är att elenergianvändningen har reducerats med 45 procent och fjärrvärmeförbrukningen med 43 procent. Målet uppnåddes som synes ej, men studeras också processventilationen och processbelysningen finns goda möjligheter att reducera elförbrukningen med 50 procent.

<p>With a larger awareness of the climate changes and increasing electricity prices, energy efficiency measures in the industry have become more common. By rationalize the activity and by the same time decrease the emission of greenhouse gases the company can both save money and reduce negative environmental impact. For the Swedish industries the electricity price have traditional been relative low, which has resulted in a considerable larger usage than other European countries. By a deregulation of the European electricity market the electricity price will level off between the countries, which will cause a higher electricity price in Sweden than we are use to. To prevent that the Swedish industry don’t lose competitiveness against the other European countries, it will require energy efficiency activities in all different forms.</p><p>ABB Sweden has decided to decrease their total energy usage with five percent in two years. This is one step to rationalize their activity and set a good example for other companies and customers. LV Motors is a company within the division Automation Products that fabricates Low Voltage Motors within the shaft height 112 – 280 (millimeter). This Master’s thesis is accomplished at LV Motors and is a part of the goal to decrease the total energy usage at ABB Sweden with five percent.</p><p>In order to increase energy efficiency in a company it is very important that you first find the total use of energy. Thereafter when the total energy is spotted and divided in different unit processes is it likely to look at where the energy use is benefiting to examine.</p><p>Since electricity is the energy form that is most common and has the highest price it’s the electric power consumption that have been studied the most. From the table above you can see that the electricity is divided almost the same between Support processes and Production processes. The Lighting is the largest unit process followed by the Heating of all the ovens. Thereafter the Ventilation and the Compressed air are the largest unit processes. With knowledge in energy efficiency measures in the industry and briefing of former studies the concentration in this work has been improvements of the Support processes.</p><p>In excess of all suggested energy improvements LV Motors has a large potential to decrease their electric bills in order to cooperate with the real-estate concern and make sure that the electric bills get correctly charged. LV Motors don’t possess their own building, which brings that processes like lightning, ventilation and space heating should be included in the rent. These designs for how the electricity charges are however not totally correct.</p><p>Total there is a potential to save up to 1,6 million crowns per year in decreasing operating costs. To accomplish this it will demand relative large investments. If you’re not willing to do these investments there are still a cost-saving at 700 000 crowns per year that don’t demand any large investments, only a changed behavior at the employees. Since the electricity price in Sweden probably will further increase the next years, this results in even larger cost-savings than the calculated savings above.</p><p>Besides saving money there is also a potential to save between 72 to 144 tonnes less emission of carbon dioxide per year. Making the electricity use more effective for the company will do this possible. For heat recovery will further reduction of carbon dioxides be added, but these numbers are not included here.</p><p>The biggest barrier to energy effective at LV Motors is split incentives, as the company doesn’t own the buildings. The real-estate group and LV Motors must agree on who stands for the investment and who get in on the profit. If these two arguments don’t connect it is difficult to motivate the purchase of more energy effective equipment.</p>

With a larger awareness of the climate changes and increasing electricity prices, energy efficiency measures in the industry have become more common. By rationalize the activity and by the same time decrease the emission of greenhouse gases the company can both save money and reduce negative environmental impact. For the Swedish industries the electricity price have traditional been relative low, which has resulted in a considerable larger usage than other European countries. By a deregulation of the European electricity market the electricity price will level off between the countries, which will cause a higher electricity price in Sweden than we are use to. To prevent that the Swedish industry don’t lose competitiveness against the other European countries, it will require energy efficiency activities in all different forms. ABB Sweden has decided to decrease their total energy usage with five percent in two years. This is one step to rationalize their activity and set a good example for other companies and customers. LV Motors is a company within the division Automation Products that fabricates Low Voltage Motors within the shaft height 112 – 280 (millimeter). This Master’s thesis is accomplished at LV Motors and is a part of the goal to decrease the total energy usage at ABB Sweden with five percent. In order to increase energy efficiency in a company it is very important that you first find the total use of energy. Thereafter when the total energy is spotted and divided in different unit processes is it likely to look at where the energy use is benefiting to examine. Since electricity is the energy form that is most common and has the highest price it’s the electric power consumption that have been studied the most. From the table above you can see that the electricity is divided almost the same between Support processes and Production processes. The Lighting is the largest unit process followed by the Heating of all the ovens. Thereafter the Ventilation and the Compressed air are the largest unit processes. With knowledge in energy efficiency measures in the industry and briefing of former studies the concentration in this work has been improvements of the Support processes. In excess of all suggested energy improvements LV Motors has a large potential to decrease their electric bills in order to cooperate with the real-estate concern and make sure that the electric bills get correctly charged. LV Motors don’t possess their own building, which brings that processes like lightning, ventilation and space heating should be included in the rent. These designs for how the electricity charges are however not totally correct. Total there is a potential to save up to 1,6 million crowns per year in decreasing operating costs. To accomplish this it will demand relative large investments. If you’re not willing to do these investments there are still a cost-saving at 700 000 crowns per year that don’t demand any large investments, only a changed behavior at the employees. Since the electricity price in Sweden probably will further increase the next years, this results in even larger cost-savings than the calculated savings above. Besides saving money there is also a potential to save between 72 to 144 tonnes less emission of carbon dioxide per year. Making the electricity use more effective for the company will do this possible. For heat recovery will further reduction of carbon dioxides be added, but these numbers are not included here. The biggest barrier to energy effective at LV Motors is split incentives, as the company doesn’t own the buildings. The real-estate group and LV Motors must agree on who stands for the investment and who get in on the profit. If these two arguments don’t connect it is difficult to motivate the purchase of more energy effective equipment.

Förnybar energi sägs vara en stor bidragande faktor till att lösa klimatproblem med global uppvärmning och den svenska regeringen har som mål att Sverige ska vara 100% fossilfritt år 2045. Ett förslag från Energimyndigheten är att cirka 5-10% av den svenska elkonsumtionen ska komma från solceller. Utvecklingen med solceller går framåt och allt fler privatpersoner och företag väljer att investera i det. Denna rapport ämnar att undersöka hur solceller kan dimensioneras för större kommersiella företag, samt även att kartlägga hur nyckelpersoner i koppling till företaget Dahl Sverige AB resonerar om hållbarhet och solceller. Dahl har valt att utvärdera möjligheten med solceller och används därför som ett studieobjekt i denna rapport. Efter insamling av av data kunde programmet System Advisor Model användas för att dimensionera solcellssystemet. Utifrån resultaten av simuleringarna togs tre olika storleksalternativ på solcellssystemet fram för att kunna fungera som beslutsunderlag vid beslutsfattande från Dahl; ett alternativ för att undvika energiskatten och främja det ekonomiska, ett för att undvika överproduktion och slutligen ett för maximal miljönytta. Dock kan en avvägning göras utifrån vad företaget själva accepterar för tröskelränta, eftersom att solcellssystemet blev mer miljövänligt men krävde en större investering allt eftersom storleken ökade. För att undersöka resonemang beträffande solceller och hållbarhet har intervjuer genomförts med fem nyckelpersoner i logistikprojektet där Dahl bygger ett nytt centrallager. Intervjuerna kategoriserades i sex olika teman. Dessa jämfördes sedan utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk om olika paradigm: ett transformativt ekocentriskt paradigm samt ett dominant kulturellt paradigm. Resultatet synliggjorde att informanterna resonerade på olika sätt. Det fanns inslag av båda paradigmen men informanterna resonerade främst utifrån det dominanta kulturella paradigmet som motsvarar dagens marknadsdrivna konkurrensbaserade samhälle. Ett alternativ för att utveckla företaget i en mer hållbar riktning blir således att införa mer internutbildning för att främja en transformativ ekocentrisk världssyn. Denna slutsats uppskattas vara applicerbar även inom andra företag utanför Dahl. / Renewable energy is said to be a contributing factor in solving the environmental problems with global warming, which is why the Swedish Government has decided that Sweden will be 100% fossil free by 2045. A proposition from the Swedish Energy Agency is that around 5-10% of the Swedish consumption should come from solar energy. The development of solar PVs are going forward, and the number of private households and organisations that are choosing to invest are growing. This report aims to investigate how a solar PV system can be dimensioned for bigger commercial companies. It also seeks to map how stakeholders at Dahl Sverige AB, a large trading company in the plumbing industry, reason about solar cells and sustainability. Dahl is evaluating the possibilities with solar PVs, and will be used as a case in this report. After collecting data, the System Advisor Model program could be used to dimension the solar cell system. Based on the results of the simulations, three different size alternatives on the solar cell system were developed in order to be able to function as a basis for a decision for the study object; one option to avoid the energy tax and promote the economy, one to avoid overproduction and one for maximum environmental benefit. However, a trade-off could be made depending on what hurdle rate the company deems acceptable, as the solarsystem becomes more environmentally friendly but requires a larger investment as the size increases.To investigate reasoning regarding solar cells and sustainability, five interviews were conducted with five stakeholders with a connection to the logistics project to build a new central warehouse. The interviews went through a thematic analysis and the answers were characterized as six different themes. These were analysed on the basis of a theoretical framework that distinguishes between a dominant cultural paradigm and a transformative ecocentric paradigm. The result showed that the informants reasoned differently. There were elements from both paradigms, but the informants largely expressed opinions that could be characterized as the dominant cultural paradigm. An alternative for Dahl to become more sustainable was thus to introduce more internal training to promote a transformative ecocentric worldview. This conclusion is assessed to be applicable for other companies outside the Dahl case as well.