Nowadays there are more and more installations of renewable sources of energy. One of them is changing of sunlight into electric energy by using photovoltaic cells. Installation of photovoltaic systems into buildings and landscape is becoming modern approach to architecture and urbanism. It creates new architectonic expression - "solar design" and brings not only the energy profit but successful substitution for traditional materials and its usable properties.

自1970年代開始，美國國防部為了因應長期軍事規劃不足之處，而發展出一套名為「淨評估」(Net Assessment)的分析技術，最初是針對當時的蘇聯以及華沙公約組織，以進行軍事能力的評估分析，然而，隨著歷史的演變，軍事作為主要保障國家安全的要素固然不變，但有更多的領域逐漸受到人們的重視，所以淨評估觀念發展至今，已大為擴張，舉凡科技、政治、經濟、社會、意識形態，甚至疾病等足以影響到整個國家興衰的因素，都應是淨評估分析的目標。1990年之後國際能源短缺問題甚為嚴重，許多衝突雖未以爭奪能源為名，但究其根本，仍是為了各國日益短缺的生存命脈，因此能源的競逐似乎已成未來國與國間最為激烈的導火線，而就台灣來說，對外能源的依賴度達到98%以上，在亞太局勢愈趨險峻、台海衝突一觸及發的當下，如何擬定一套能源戰略，實為迫在眉睫，本文便以淨評估的角度，對台灣能源戰略環境進行全面性的診斷與機會探索，試圖回答以下的問題：(一)目前台灣在能源戰略環境中所面臨之態勢；(二)在如是能源戰略環境下的演變趨勢與預測。 / Since the 1970s, in order to cope with the defective plan of military for a long time, US DOD develops one set of analytical technology － Net Assessment. At first, it used to the Former Soviet Union and WTO assessment analysis of carrying on military ability. Doubtless, an essential factor of the military affairs is the guarantee national security. However, more fields are paid attention to by people gradually. The concept of the Net Assessment, therefore, is society, ideology, even the diseases are enough to influence the rise and fall of the nation, there are all targets that the Net Assessment should analyze. The international energy shortage is a very serious problem after the 1990s. Although many conflicts between the countries are not fighting for the energy, to get bottom of an affair, for lifeblood in short day by day in each country. Therefore the energy competition seems to be the direct cause of the fight/ conflict between countries in future. As to Taiwan, Dependence on imported energy is up to 98%. At the moment the relationship in the Asia Pacific is more and more tense. Besides, the conflict of the Taiwan Straits can be happened any time. How to draft a set of energy strategy is an extremely urgent mission. The author used the Net Assessment point to write this article. Focus on comprehensive diagnosis and chance to explore to Taiwan energy's strategic environment; moreover, try to find out the following questions. First, the posture Taiwan faces in the energy strategy environment at present. Second, the trend of evolvement and prediction is under the energy strategy environment.

Over the years, every major city turns into a knot of intractable problems: overpopulation, traffic jams, environmental degradation. Some countries make a faster conversion from an industrial development to an information growth phase, than the infrastructural changes take place. Therefore, environmental design and construction would not be short-termed, but rather will be the long-term targets for all the groups associated with the construction. The healthy living is one of the most important reasons to start a complicated long-term reconstruction of eco-cities. Successful ecological reconstitution requires a knowledge about already implemented exemplary solutions. For this purpose, the dissertation analyzes the basic ecological problems of settlements, analyzing the examples of approaches to improve the environmental performance of cities on the reference of foreign experience and creates criteria and principles for designing urban structures for healthy living in CR.

Due to urbanization and the population of cities producing up to 75% of emission, Smart City concepts, looking at sustainability and more efficiency within the city, with the help of IoT and ICT based technology, are seen as an opportunity to act future-oriented, today. Construction and transportation are seen as the main contributors on the way of change from energy consumption to energy production. Enhancing infrastructure to improve the quality of all sorts of public transportation is thus of utter importance to governance, interested in Smart City concepts. Looking at the literature, waterborne transportation has not received much scientific attention in the context of being implemented into Smart City initiatives. This systematic literature research draws logical conclusions from the researched literature. The research concludes with a research agenda for future research to deepen the knowledge in the explanatory field of waterborne transportation making use of Smart City technologies. The main findings of this thesis are: First, waterborne transportation poses a threat to the environment and impacts sustainability of water bodies, as well as the environment surrounding them. Second, Smart City technologies can successfully be implemented in waterborne transportation when carefully planned. Barriers for the implementation of Smart City concepts can be lack of knowledge, investment, data security and readiness of infrastructure. These can be overcome through the help of collaboration and knowledge sharing among the involved stakeholders. Third, the image of the industry can be shifted, as well as its direct impact and the indirect use of waterborne transportation can be made more sustainable and ecosystem friendly. This transition attracts further customers, who otherwise were not willing to use waterborne transportation. In order to make waterborne transportation more sustainable and part of the Smart City movement, knowledge needs to be deepened and awareness about the topic needs to be spread. Its use of Smart City technologies needs to be further investigated, looking at specific types and tailored solutions for them, as well as how beneficial such an investment can be for governments and companies regarding ecological costs and their image. This thesis mainly aims to help scholars, interested in further research to deepen the knowledge on waterborne transportation in a sustainability context, but also companies and governance, looking to make waterborne transportation more sustainable.