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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Nutritionstillförsel efter intensivvård / Nutrition supply after intensive care

Kilsand, Kristina January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund: Att råka ut för en kritisk sjukdom som kräver intensivvård kan medföra en snabb reducering av muskelmassa och en samtidig muskelsvaghet. Förändringar som även är associerade med förlängd sjukhusvistelse, en minskning av den funktionella återhämtningen efter utskrivning och som kan resultera i en försämrad livskvalitet för patienten. Flera studier har visat att intensivvårdspatientens nutritionsintag efter intensivvård ofta är otillräcklig Motiv: Ungefär var tionde patient råkar ut för någon form av vårdskada och då inkluderas även skador som inte är relaterad till den underliggande sjukdomen och således hade kunnat undvikas. En säker vård innebär att ha kunskap om riskerna och att arbeta så att riskerna minimeras Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur mycket näring intensivvårdspatienter som vårdats tre dagar eller mer på IVA erhåller på vårdavdelningen och om mängden näringstillförseln påverkar patientens rörlighet, muskelkraft och antal dagar på sjukhus. Metod: Studien har en kvantitativ design och är en del av en större pågående feasability studie. Data som samlades in var dagligt energiintag inklusive intravenöstoch enteralt intag fram till utskrivning eller max 28 dagar. Var 3–5 dag kontrollerades greppstyrka och ICU Mobility Scale för analys av muskelkraft och rörlighet. 33 patienter inkluderades genom konsekutivt urval. Kriterier för inklusion var patienter >18år som vårdats tre dagar eller mer på IVA och kunnat ge muntligt och skriftligt samtycke till studien. Resultat: Resultatet visade en stor variation i intaget både vad gäller kalorier och protein. Samma patient kunde under sin vårdtid ha såväl ett betydande underskott som ett överskott när det gäller erhållna kalorier i relation till det uppmätta energibehovet. Samtidigt fanns det patienter som aldrig uppnådde sitt energibehov under hela vårdtiden. Näringsintagets påverkan på rörlighet och muskelkraft visade på en svag signifikant negativ korrelation vid den andra mätningen Konklusion: Ingen av patienterna erhöll sitt uppmätta kaloribehov under hela vårdtiden. Majoriteten av vårdtiden fick mer än hälften (57,58 %) av patienterna under 80 procent av sitt energibehov. Det fanns en signifikant men svag negativ korrelation vid andra mätningen när kalori- och proteinintaget korrelerades mot patientens rörlighet (ICU mobility) och greppkraft med undantag av kaloriintag mot rörlighet. Vid tredje mättillfället fanns sambandet inte längre kvar. / Background: Suffering from a critical illness that requires intensive care can lead to a rapid reduction in muscle mass and a simultaneous muscle weakness. Changes that are also associated with prolonged hospital stay, a decrease in functional recovery after discharge and that can result in a decreased quality of life for the patient. Several studies have shown that the intensive care patient's nutritional intake after intensive care often is insufficient.  Motive: Approximately every tenth patient experiences some form of medical injury, and this also includes injuries that are not related to the underlying disease and that could have been avoided. Safe care means having knowledge of the risks and working to minimize the risks.  Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate how much nutrition intensive care patients who have been treated for three days or more in ICU receive in the ward and whether the amount of nutrition affect the patient's mobility, muscle strength and number of days in hospital. Methods: The study has a quantitative design and is part of a larger ongoing feasibility study. The data collected was daily energy intake including intravenous and enteral intake until discharge or a maximum of 28 days. Every 3–5 days, grip strength and the ICU Mobility Scale were checked for analysis of muscle strength and mobility. 33 patients were included through consecutive selection. Inclusion criteria were patients >18 years of age who were treated for three days or more in the intensive care unit and were able to give verbal and written consent to the study.  Result: The result showed a large variation in intake both in terms of calories and protein. The same patient could, during his period of care, have both a significant deficit and an excess in terms of calories received in relation to the measured energy requirement. At the same time, there were patients who never achieved their energy needs during the entire period of care. The impact of nutritional intake on mobility and muscle strength showed a weak significant negative correlation at the second measurement.  Conclusion: None of the patients received their measured caloric needs during the entire period of care. For most of the time at the ward, more than half (57.58%) of the patients received less than 80 percent of their energy need. There was a significant but weak negative correlation at the second measurement when caloric and protein intake was correlated to the patient's mobility (ICU mobility) and grip strength except for caloric intake to mobility. At the third measurement occasion, the connection no longer existed.
2

Perfil nutricional de pacientes adultos com anemia falciforme.

Araújo, Andréa da Silva January 2009 (has links)
p. 1-88 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-08T18:02:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea S Araujo Seg.pdf: 542886 bytes, checksum: 8d5a844a3988db38727c8985ee260c26 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T13:16:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea S Araujo Seg.pdf: 542886 bytes, checksum: 8d5a844a3988db38727c8985ee260c26 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T13:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea S Araujo Seg.pdf: 542886 bytes, checksum: 8d5a844a3988db38727c8985ee260c26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Trata-se de um estudo comparativo, não pareado, com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de déficit antropométrico e de inadequação da ingestão energéticoproteica em indivíduos adultos, de ambos os sexos, com anemia falciforme comparando-os com indivíduos sem hemoglobinopatias. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi utilizado para avaliar o estado antropométrico e a composição corpórea foi obtida pelo percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) e da área muscular do braço corrigida (AMBc). A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada pela média de dois recordatórios de 24 horas. Para análise do risco de inadequação da ingestão de energia e de proteína foi utilizada a abordagem proposta pelo Institute of Medicine of the United States. A avaliação da ingestão de macronutrientes foi realizada por meio do Intervalo Aceitável de Distribuição de Macronutrientes (AMDR) para ambos os sexos. Proporções foram comparadas utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado ou teste de Fischer. A existência de associação entre anemia falciforme e o estado antropométrico foi avaliada pela odds ratio. Para a comparação de médias entre os grupos referentes ao consumo alimentar e os indicadores antropométricos utilizou-se o teste T de student. Nos testes mencionados foi considerado estatisticamente significante um p-valor inferior a 5%. A inadequação de energia e nutrientes foi obtida pelo percentual de indivíduos que não conseguiram alcançar a recomendação média destes. Foram avaliados 60 indivíduos, sendo 33 com anemia falciforme e 27 sem esta doença. Os indivíduos com anemia falciforme apresentaram significantemente maior prevalência de magreza segundo IMC (30,3% vs 7,4%; p=0,049; OR = 5,4), desnutrição pela AMBc (78,8% vs 25,9%; p<0,001; OR= 10,6), bem como menor percentual de gordura corpórea (39,4% vs 11,1%; p=0,019; OR=5,2). Ambos os grupos apresentaram elevada prevalência de inadequação de energia, entretanto, valores de inadequação de proteína foram expressivamente menores. Concluiu-se que os portadores de anemia falciforme apresentaram os maiores déficits antropométricos quando comparados aos indivíduos sem esta doença. Ocorreu uma elevada prevalência de inadequação de ingestão alimentar de energia que influenciou negativamente o estado antropométrico da população em estudo, especialmente daqueles indivíduos que tinham anemia falciforme. / Salvador

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