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This work is concerned with the way that official bilingualism emerged as a part of English-Canadian values in the 1960s. Much of this work is about the effort in the 1960s to change the federal public service from a stronghold of English-speaking Canada to an organisation where English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians could work in their own language on an equal footing. The archival records of the Professional Institute of the Public Service provide detailed insight into this change and the resistance to it. It is the thesis of this work that the adaptation to official bilingualism in the Public Service of Canada played a key role in setting English-speaking attitudes to bilingualism. The struggle to define and impose official bilingualism in the federal public service was a testing ground for the evolution of bilingualism in English-speaking Canada as a whole. As much of English-speaking Canada accepted the value of bilingualism in principle, the public service worked out the practical ramifications of this culture change. The result was a slow and only partial progress toward effective bilingualism in the federal public service and in Canada as a whole.

A considerable body of work on women's television careers exists in Europe and North America, but the English-speaking Caribbean countries have never been investigated for their regional practices. This dissertation fills this void by addressing three major themes: a) the discrepancies between the high female labour force participation rates and their low representation in media management positions; b) the role of Caribbean gender ideology and stereotypes in excluding females from the professions; and c) the dearth of anti-discrimination and equity legislation in the region, their impact on female professional careers; and what can be done to ameliorate the working conditions of female broadcasters in the Caribbean. Historically, there has always been a significant percentage of women in employment in the Caribbean: during slavery, women outnumbered male workers on the plantations. The last two decades have seen a marked movement of women out of agriculture and into the service sectors including tourism and banking; as well as communication and some of the professions. As elsewhere in the world, gender structures and fragments the contemporary Caribbean labour force; and the tendency for men and women to have access to qualitatively different types of jobs is a persistent feature of both professional and general employment patterns in the region. This thesis investigates journalism as one of the prestige professions, which has attracted female personnel since the 1960s; and compares their access, promotion and remuneration to that of the male professionals. The thesis further uses Canadian and American findings to determine the informal barriers encountered by females in building their careers, as well as asesses the equity legislation and its impact on the region. Two comprehensive surveys covering all Television stations in the Anglophone Caribbean provide the data for the thesis; which are similar to those used by Robinson/St. Jean (1997) in Canada and Weaver / Il existe en Europe et en Amerique du nord de nombreuses etudes sur la vie professionnelle des femmes oeuvrant dans le domaine televisuel. Aux Caraibes Anglophones, par contre, il n'existe aucune etude de ce genre. Ce travail vise a combler ce vide en considerant le probleme sous trois angles principaux: a) les ecarts existant entre le taux eleve de la main-d'ceuvre feminine dans le domaine televisuel et la sous-representation des femmes parmi les cadres superieurs du secteur des medias b) le role de l'ideologie et des stereotypes de sexes aux Caraibes dans l'exclusion des femmes des postes de responsabilite au sein des entreprises mediatiques et de la penurie d'une politique de justice sociale et d'equite d'emploi dans la region et ses consequences sur les carrieres des femmes; et dans quelle mesure it serait possible d'ameliorer les conditions de travail des femmes dans le domaine de la telediffusion aux Caraibes. Historiquement les femmes des Caraibes ont toujours constitue un pourcentage important de la main-d'ceuvre: pendant l'esclavage, le nombre de femmes travaillant sur les plantations depassait celui d'ouvriers de sexe masculin. D'ailleurs, au cours des deux demieres decennies, les femmes ont de plus en plus abandonne le secteur de l'agriculture au profit de celui de services et de consommation, y compris le tourisme et les operations bancaires, la communication et certaines autres professions. Comme ailleurs dans le monde, l'appartenance sexuelle conditionne et influence le decoupage de l'effectif aux Caraibes contemporaines; la tendance selon laquelle les hommes et les femmes occupent des postes qualitativement differents est donc une caracteristique permanente des politiques d'emploi de la region. Cette these analyse le journalisme comme profession de prestige ayant attire les femmes depuis les annees 60 et compare leur acces au travail et a la promotion et leur remuneration a ceux de leurs homologues masculins. La these s'inspire des resultats d'etud

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Although there has been an increasing incidence of breast cancer among Non-English speaking background (NESB) women in many developed countries, existing screening services are being underused by these women. Studies show that the barriers to the accessibility of breast cancer screening by NESB women include their lack of awareness, low level of education, low self-efficacy and lack of social interaction with other women. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge relating to breast cancer and mammography, self-efficacy and barriers to mammography use among NESB women in an Australian regional city before and after their attendance at a health education session. This health education session aimed to increase the awareness and use of mammography among these NESB women. Two widely used behaviour theories, ‘Health belief model’ and ‘Social Cognitive Theory,’ were applied as the theoretical framework for this study. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in which the health education session was used as an intervention. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were completed by study participants before and after the health education session. Their knowledge of breast cancer and mammography was assessed. In addition, their self-efficacy and barriers to the use of mammography were also analysed. Results indicated that informal recruitment strategies were more effective with these NESB women. Initially 49 women were recruited. Of these, 23 women (47%) attended the health education session. As data showed tertiary educated and employed women who already had mammogram/s were more likely to attend the session. After attending the health education session, the women’s knowledge relating to breast cancer and mammography was improved and the perceived barriers to the use of mammography were reduced. During a three month follow-up period, there was no change of mammogram use by the women. However, the results showed a trend of increased intention to use the mammogram over a period of two years (41.7%) compared to six months (25.0%). Based on these results, further studies are recommended to explore the beneficial outcomes of health promotion programs targeting NESB women who are not in the workforce or have a low level of education.

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This qualitative study examined three areas of social service provision through the experiences of non-English speaking older Hispanic immigrants. These three areas included availability and accessibility of services and culturally competent practices of service providers. The qualitative approach of phenomenology was used to interview ten participants in order to explore their experiences with service provision. An analysis of the interviews pointed to the following themes: (a) experiences with services were deeply connected to issues of immigration and adaptation; (b) language barriers were especially difficult to overcome in services; (c) the role of families as primary supports needed to be reconsidered in order to offer better quality of services; and (d) culturally competent practices needed to be reinforced at the organizational level of workers, agencies and government in order to become more effective. From these themes, recommendations and implications for social work and services for non-English speaking elderly Hispanics are detailed.

This qualitative study examined three areas of social service provision through the experiences of non-English speaking older Hispanic immigrants. These three areas included availability and accessibility of services and culturally competent practices of service providers. The qualitative approach of phenomenology was used to interview ten participants in order to explore their experiences with service provision. An analysis of the interviews pointed to the following themes: (a) experiences with services were deeply connected to issues of immigration and adaptation; (b) language barriers were especially difficult to overcome in services; (c) the role of families as primary supports needed to be reconsidered in order to offer better quality of services; and (d) culturally competent practices needed to be reinforced at the organizational level of workers, agencies and government in order to become more effective. From these themes, recommendations and implications for social work and services for non-English speaking elderly Hispanics are detailed.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-174). / v, 174 leaves, bound 29 cm

Migration can cause disruption to the normal functioning of the family; especially women and mothers. In this study a cross sectional approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was undertaken to establish the impact of migration on women fiom the United Kingdom (UK) and Eire (N=154) now living in Australia; from these participants 40 were selected for in-depth interview. Women were asked about their experiences of migration and the strategies used to 'settle' in a new country. The researcher postulated that the process of settlement requires a reinvention of the self through building new perceptions of culture, country, friends, and family and the re-definition of the self in relation to these aspects of the environment. A conceptual model was developed and used to determine and examine the relationships amongst who and what influenced the decision and motivation to migrate, the impact of exposure to a new culture, assault on the old identity and the possible grieving response to the impact of multiple loss (loss of home, major attachment figure, family, community, culture and social networks). Bowlby's attachment theory and grieving process was used as a theoretical framework for the study. Data analysis inQcated that the majority of the women experienced at least some of the characteristics associated with the stages of the grieving process and the time-scale and pathway through the process differed amongst individuals. Women who successfully reached the final stage (reorganisation) of the grieving process were able to "re-invent" themselves using pre and post-migration strategies (social, cultural and country activities). Participants who were less able in this transformation or re-invention used more solitary strategies. Different levels of a sense of belonging and success in re-inventing the self were linked to the different motivations for migrating. Inability to reach the stage of re-organisation, even after residency of 20 years or more, resulted in negative perceptions of the adopted country and continuing psychological distress. However, even those participants who successfully re-invented themselves continued to foster a residual link to the homeland. This is interpreted to be the result of a form of imprinting. Furthermore, women with newborns or young children identified that the impact of multiple loss, especially loss of a social support system, had a detrimental impact on their childrearing experiences. The study has implications for future migrants in assisting them to adjust and survive in the new country. It also has implications for health professionals to recognise that all mothers and perhaps especially migrant mothers require a social support network. Further, the health professional needs to be a part of that network and also assist the migrant to develop the appropriate shlls to extend their social support. In addition, immigration and social services and the general population should recognise and provide for the psychological and physical needs of migrants of all origrns - English speaking as well as non-English speaking.