Proposing a math model and using enthalpy method to solve the temperature and flow field distribution around the bubble. Find the influence for different coefficients.

Les variations de température à la surface externe d'une conduite peuvent provoquer la solidification du fluide en écoulement interne, induisant la formation de dépôts solides sur les parois en contact avec le fluide. Ces dépôts peuvent s'avérer néfastes au bon fonctionnement du système intégrant cette conduite ce qui motive l'étude de ces phénomènes physiques afin de comprendre les mécanismes qui les gouvernent et de permettre leur prévention. Ce genre de situations peuvent être rencontrées dans le domaine pétrolier, par exemple lors du transport en pipeline d'huiles chargées de paraffines, d'hydrates ou d'asphaltènes ; dans le domaine agroalimentaire pour la circulation de produits liquides dans des tubes refroidis ou bien tout simplement pour des canalisations d'eau subissant un refroidissement. Dans la majorité des cas le fluide en écoulement dans les conduites pétrolières est un matériau à changement de phase (MCP) complexe et sa composition multiple avec des interactions entre la rhéologie, la constitution et la température impactant la thermo-hydrodynamique de l'écoulement et la cinétique de transition de phase. Dans le cadre de cette thèse nous proposons de nous pencher sur ces aspects par voie de modélisation. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons développé un modèle physique basé sur la méthode enthalpique pour étudier l’impact de la convection naturelle sur des écoulements et des transferts thermiques avec transition de phase solide liquide dans différentes géométries (cavité carré, cylindre, sphère, autour d’un faisceau de cylindre, …). L'effet du maillage et de l'ordre de précision des schémas numérique est aussi présenté. Le même modèle a été utilisé pour analyser la cristallisation d’un mélange de deux paraffines dans des cellules calorimétriques (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Pour cette étude, le modèle a été validé à l’aide des résultats expérimentaux de la technique DSC. Le problème de l’écoulement d’un mélange de deux paraffines dans une conduite cylindrique a été aussi abordé afin de prédire la cristallisation du mélange sur la paroi interne de la conduite. Une étude paramétrique a été effectuée pour analyser l’influence de différents paramètres (nombre de Reynolds, concentration initiale de la solution binaire, température de la paroi, …) sur la cinétique de la cristallisation du mélange. La deuxième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à l’étude de l’écoulement avec changement de phase liquide-solide d’un brut paraffinique dans des conduites pétrolières. En effet, la cristallisation des paraffines dans les bruts engendre un équilibre phase thermodynamique liquide/solide. Un modèle thermodynamique rendant compte de cet équilibre a été développé (et validé à l’aide de résultats expérimentaux disponible dans la littérature). Ce modèle nous a permis de prédire la température de cristallisation commençante (Wax Appearance Temperature), ainsi que la quantité de paraffines cristallisées. Ce modèle thermodynamique a été couplé avec un modèle physique reposant sur les équations de conservation de la masse, de la quantité de mouvement, de l'énergie et des espèces pour décrire l’écoulement d’un brut paraffinique avec changement de phase liquide-solide dans des conduites pétrolières. Le modèle physique a été validé à l’aide de résultats expérimentaux disponibles dans la littérature. / Temperature change at the outer surface of a pipe can cause solidification of the fluid flowing internally, inducing the formation of solid deposits on the walls in contact with the fluid. This kind of phenomena can be encountered in many situations in the industrial context such as petroleum industries, for example when transporting pipeline oils with paraffins, hydrates or asphaltenes; food industry for the flow of liquids in cooled tubes or simply for water pipes undergoing cooling.The rheology of the transported fluid, its composition and temperature are among the key factors that influence the thermo-hydrodynamics of the flow and the kinetics of the formation of the deposits. The analysis of their impact is required to enhance the understanding of these mechanisms in order to avoid their undesirable effects as fouling or complete blockage of pipes.In this thesis we propose to study these mechanisms by numerical modelling. We will focus on the modelling of phase change and especially on the description of liquid-solid interfaces by models able to integrate the thermodynamics of physical phenomena such as diffuse interface methods. We seek the two-dimensional numerical resolution of the equations of flow, heat and mass transfer while taking into account the coupling between rheology, composition and temperature in the liquid phase as well as at the interface. The work will be undertaken in the basis of the in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code developed in the laboratory.

In this thesis, we present an experimental and numerical study of globularization during reheating of thixocast billet having non-dendritic microstructure. The process of reheating is an important step in the semisolid processing and is essential to control its microstructure and hence its mechanical properties. Material chosen for this study is Aluminum alloy, A356. The primary focus of this study is the heat treatment below eutectic temperature i.e. transformation in solid phase. It is found that during short duration heat treatment, globularization of primary α grains and spheroidization of eutectic Si flakes take place which improves the mechanical properties of semisolid cast products significantly. A prolonged heat treatment is found to degrade the properties of castings since it enhances the porosity and coarsening of Si. The study suggests that a precise heat treatment practice can be designed to improve the semisolid microstructure. A computational model based on Phase field approach has been proposed to study this phenomena. Predictions based on this model are qualitatively compared with corresponding experimental observations. Since eutectics form an important step in multiphase solidification, an attempt has been made to develop an enthalpy based explicit micro-scale model for eutectic solidification. In this preliminary study, growth of adjacent α and β phases in a two dimensional Eulerian framework has been simulated. The model is qualitatively validated with Jackson Hunt theory. Results show expected eutectic growth. This methodology promises significant saving in computational time compared to existing numerical models.

This paper reports a numerical approach for modelling the thermal behavior and heat accumulation/liberation of sustainable cementitious composites made with Recycled Brick Aggregates (RBAs) employed as carriers for Phase-Change Materials (PCMs). In the framework of the further development of the fixed grid modelling method, classically employed for solving the well-known Stefan problem, an enthalpy-based approach and an apparent calorific capacity method have been proposed and validated. More specifically, the results of an experimental program, following an advanced incorporation and immobilization technique, developed at the Institut für Werkstoffe im Bauwesen for investigating the thermal responses of various combinations of PCM-RBAs, have been considered as the benchmark to calibrate/validate the numerical results. Promising numerical results have been obtained, and temperature simulations showed good agreement with the experimental data of the analyzed mixtures.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T12:20:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gessicalacerdasiqueira.pdf: 2914379 bytes, checksum: 13b701ceac7f6562db4c0a3167e60c32 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T14:37:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gessicalacerdasiqueira.pdf: 2914379 bytes, checksum: 13b701ceac7f6562db4c0a3167e60c32 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T14:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gessicalacerdasiqueira.pdf: 2914379 bytes, checksum: 13b701ceac7f6562db4c0a3167e60c32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-13 / Processos de transferência de calor com mudança de fase são de interesse em várias áreas da ciência, engenharia e aplicações industriais. Em processos de solidificação, por exemplo, a ocorrência de trincas e formações de vazios causados por uma redução na capacidade de resistir a esforços mecânicos geralmente são observados, e é de grande importância prever esses comportamentos para que possam ser evitados. Uma das formas de se estudar esses fenômenos e suas aplicações é através do uso de modelos matemáticos que possibilitam, através do uso de métodos de discretização temporal e espacial a realização de simulações computacionais. Dessa forma, este trabalho estudou e comparou diferentes formulações numéricas do método dos elementos finitos para problemas de transferência de calor com mudança de fase levando em consideração a condução como mecanismo de transferência de calor. Na metodologia usada, os processos de solidificação ou fusão foram tratados por meio de métodos baseados em malhas fixas. Diversos experimentos numéricos foram realizados para se analisar a adequabilidade dos métodos estudados e propostos neste trabalho e os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios. / Heat transfer processes with phase change are of great interest in several areas of science, engineering and industrial applications. In some of these applications, such as in solidification processes, the occurrence of cracks and void formation caused by a reduction in the ability of the material to resist mechanical loadings are generally observed, and it is of great importance to predict these behaviors so that they can be circumvented. One of the ways to study these phenomena and their applications is through the use of mathematical models and executing of computer simulations. Thus, this work studied and compared different numerical formulations of the finite element method for the heat transfer problems with phase change considering only conduction as the main mechanism of heat transfer. In the methodology used, the solidification or melting processes were treated by means of numerical methods based on fixed meshs. Several numerical experiments were performed to analyze the suitability of the methods studied and proposed in this work and the results were satisfactory.

Cílem diplomové práce je vytvoření 2D numerického modelu pohybujícího se řezu s proměnnými okrajovými podmínkami skutečné geometrie plynulého odlévání a chlazení předlitku v prostředí MATLAB. Model se zabývá vysoce nelineárními termofyzikálními podmínkami oceli během tuhnutí a chlazení. V práci je simulovaná nejen nelinearita termofyzikálních podmínek, ale také nelinearita při fázové změně. Fázová změna je modelovaná pomocí metody entalpie, metody zdánlivé kapacity a metody teplotního zotavení. Všechny výsledky práce jsou porovnány z více hledisek, jako např. z hlediska přesnosti, rychlosti výpočtu, nebo vhodnosti časového diskretizačního kroku pro nelineární problémy, a paralelizace.