My diploma thesis is focused on export possibilities for Czech companies in Iraq. It gives information about Iraq entrepreneurial environment regarding cultural and business specifics of that territory. The main aim of mine was not only to show potential export fields but also particular forms of market entry and take into account all entrepreneurial risks. There are several successful Czech companies with lot of experience on Iraq market which can be shown as examples for others. I also wanted to highlight various government and non-government support of Czech export. This dissertation should serve as an export guide to Iraq and show all aspects of Iraq business characteristics on which exporters must be prepared for.

This thesis gives an analysis of the entrepreneurial environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the perspective of foreign investors, who would like to enter on the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina, either to export on this markert or run a business here. Thesis involves the evaluation of the current state of the entrepreneurial environment of a country and gives the advantages and disadvantages of the country and its specificity for potential investors. Entrepreneurial environment of the country is analyzed using the PEST analysis.

The goal of the graduation thesis is an attempt to extend to all the persons interested in entrepreneurship in Mexico current information concerning this issue. Preamble of the work constitutes a brief characteristics of the country including a short historical review. A fundamental chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the business ambient follows. Its specificity have been analysed on the basis of two different methods - PEST method and SWOT method. Further, there are surveyed promising sectors of the Mexican economy in light of investment and foreign trade and all that with respect to the opportunities for the Czech business corporations. A separate chapter is dedicated to the process of entrepreneur's penetration the Mexican market and its terms. The graduation thesis is also focused on characteristics of particular institutions engaged in the field of foreign trade and investment which can give an advisory opinion or help to the clients. A part of the work is also a list of contact addresses of the entities mentioned in the thesis. Closing chapter presents concrete subvention examples of the Czech corporations export activities.

The diploma thesis is devoted to market entry strategies, afterwards it is focused on entry to swedish market of selected company.The first chapter theoretically describes market entry strategies. The second chapter is focused on swedish market, as a target market of chosen company. The main part of this chapter pursues description and analysis of swedish entrepreneurial environment. Therefore two reports are used: Doing Business Report and Global Competitivness Report. The third chapter describes market entry of selected company, the fourth part evaluetes its rate of success. The aim of this thesis is to analyze reasons and market entry strategies, evaluate swedish market from the perspective of the Czech company entering the swedish market and at the end to assess the rate of success of the market entry.

Master thesis is focused on the agency CzechInvest and its role towards enterprises in the Czech Republic. Their influence on entrepreneurs raises competitiveness of Czech companies and also increases the position of our companies abroad. The first chapter deals with theoretical approaches to international trade. Another chapter focuses on the situation in the Czech economy after the revolution in 1989. Special attention is paid to foreign direct investment as a key factor in the development of the Czech economy in the third chapter. CzechInvest activities are divided into the period before joining the European Union and the activities that the agency performs and after joining Czech republic EU. After joining the EU CzechInvest agenda has expanded and adopts new programs. Those are devoted to the fifth chapter. The last chapter explores the influence of the chosen indicators.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-20T18:50:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 praticasde_gestao.pdf: 817287 bytes, checksum: 4ea3f6b86d092866836dab3b78da28f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-20T18:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 praticasde_gestao.pdf: 817287 bytes, checksum: 4ea3f6b86d092866836dab3b78da28f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-24 / Nenhuma / Essa dissertação tem como objeto de estudo identificar as práticas de gestão de custos, no contexto de sua aceitação como necessárias ao atual ambiente operacional das empresas, bem como sua adoção no contexto gerencial. Inicialmente, o trabalho circunscreve-se às transformações ocorridas no mundo dos negócios nas últimas décadas, bem como as novas e/ou aperfeiçoadas práticas para mensuração e gestão de custos, destacando o custeio e gestão baseada em atividades, o custo da qualidade, o custo-alvo, o custeio do ciclo de vida e a análise da cadeia de valor, defendidos por alguns autores como adequadas ao novo ambiente. A partir de tal abordagem é examinado o conteúdo básico dos conceitos e justificativas que envolvem as práticas de gestão de custo, objeto deste estudo, possibilitando destacar os conceitos sob um prisma crítico, confrontando as opiniões de diversos pesquisadores. Em complemento ao estudo, são abordadas algumas pesquisas nacionais sobre o tema, que permitem traçar um comparativo dos resultados deste estudo com os de outras regiões do país. O estudo está fundamentado em uma pesquisa efetuada em trinta empresas de médio e grande porte, situadas nas regiões oeste e noroeste do estado do Paraná e os resultados apresentados permite concluir que as novas e/ou aperfeiçoadas práticas de gestão de custos não têm merecido a devida atenção por parte dos envolvidos na geração da informação de custos, motivado, na opinião dos entrevistados, dentre outros, pelo não conhecimento de tais práticas, baixa relação custo-benefício para sua implantação, e pela predominante preferência no aprimoramento das práticas convencionais. / This research has, as its object of study, the identification of cost management practices in the context of their acceptation as necessary to the new operational environment of the companies, as well as their adoption in the managerial context. To start with, the work describes the transformations occurred in the world of business during the last decades, as well as the new and/or improved practices for the measurement and management of costs, with special attention to cost and management based on activities, the cost of quality, the target-cost, the cost of the life cycle and the analysis of the chain of values, considered by some authors as adequate to the new environment. Based on this approach, the basic content of the concepts is thoroughly examined as well as the reasons which involve the practices of cost management, object of this study, thus allowing highlighting the concepts under a critical point of view, confronting the opinions of several researchers. As a complement to this study, some national researches about the theme are taken in consideration, which allow the establishment of a comparison between this study and studies from other regions of the country. The study is based on a research carried out with thirty middle-sized and big-sized companies, located in the western and northwestern region of the state of Paraná and the results which were achieved allow the conclusion that the new and/or improved cost management practices have not deserved the attention by the parties involved in the generation of the information regarding costs, motivated by the opinion of the parties who were interviewed, among other reasons, for not knowing about such practices, the low cost-benefit relationship for its implementation and for the predominant preference for the improvement of conventional practices.

Le rôle de l’entrepreneuriat en tant que levier pour les économies a été beaucoup mis en évidence et depuis longtemps (cf. Schumpeter). Dans ce sens, selon l’OCDE (2016) « L’entrepreneuriat est une source importante de création d’emplois et d’innovation ». De plus, « l’entrepreneuriat est considéré comme un moteur essentiel de la reprise économique et de la croissance de l’emploi » (OCDE, 2012Toutefois, l’aspect « économique » de l’entrepreneuriat semble moins évident pour les cas des femmes entrepreneures. En effet, en 2013, les femmes qui travaillaient à leur compte gagnaient entre 13 % et 60 % de moins que les hommes dans la zone OCDE (OCDE, 2016). Ce constat concernant l’écart en matière de performance économique et de caractéristiques des entreprises créées et gérées par des entrepreneures femmes rejoint les résultats de recherches académiques qui ont noté que celles-ci créent des entreprises de très petites tailles et à faible croissance.Dans le cadre de cette thèse nous optons pour une recherche focalisée exclusivement sur les femmes. Nous mettons ainsi l’accent sur la notion de la performance des entreprises telle qu'elle est vue et définie par ces femmes entrepreneures.L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de mettre en évidence une définition de la performance donnée par les femmes entrepreneures. Répondre à cette problématique permettrait de contribuer à la littérature en apportant de nouvelles connaissances sur la performance et sur les femmes entrepreneures. En effet, le phénomène dit de « sous-performance » est remis en question, et la performance des entreprises est vue sous un autre angle. En suite, sur un plan plus pratique, comprendre certains phénomènes et comportements permet de mettre en place les dispositifs nécessaires pour mieux les orienter et surtout les encourager. / The role of entrepreneurship has been highlighted as leverage for many economies (see Schumpeter). In this sense, according to the OECD (2016) "Entrepreneurship is an important source of job creation and innovation". In addition, "entrepreneurship is seen as a key driver of economic recovery and employment growth" (OECD, 2012)However, the "economic" aspect of entrepreneurship seems to be less obvious for the case of women entrepreneurs. In 2013, self-employed women earned between 13% and 60% less than men in the OECD area (OECD, 2016). This finding concerning the gap in economic performance and the characteristics of firms created and managed by women entrepreners is consistent with academic research results. Reserchers concluded that women entrepreneurs create smaller and with lower-growth rate firms.In this thesis we opt for a research focused exclusively on women. Thus we emphasize the notion of corporate performance as seen and defined by those women entrepreneurs.The purpose of this research is to highlight a definition of performance given by women entrepreneurs. We aim to contribute to the literature by bringing new knowledge on performance and on women entrepreneurs. Indeed, the phenomenon called "underperformance" is questioned, and the performance of small firms is seen from another angle. Then, on a practical level, politics need to understand certain phenomena and behaviors. That would help them to put in place the necessary devices to better guide women enrepreneurs and especially to encourage them.

The goal of this thesis is to identify the challenges and success factors of the support system for innovative start-ups in the Czech Republic as well as to formulate recommendations for the implementation of the currently envisaged Seed fund project. The thesis covers the specifics of start-up companies and barriers for their development and puts them in relation with the current state of the Czech entrepreneurial environment and its innovation performance. Hard data as well as opinions of experts and potential investors are assessed to analyze the needs and motivations of both demand and supply sides of the venture capital market in order to provide some valuable insights which may help the support system to improve the access of entrepreneurs to external finance and boost the creation of innovative start-ups in the Czech Republic. The main suggestions introduced relate to the focus on retaining strict transparency, to the careful selection of entities evaluating the viability of projects and those providing services assisting the entrepreneurs in the preparation phase. Finally, the right setting of conditions of the Seed fund to attract both private investors and entrepreneurs will determine the success of the whole project.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of entrepreneurial environment of the Republic of China by using the PEST analysis. After the theoretical definition of the term of entrepreneurial environment and the presentation of basic characteristics of this country the analysis of particular aspects of entrepreneurial environment follows, respectively political, legal, economic, technological, social, and cultural environment. The last chapter of this thesis also pays attention to the assessment of existing business co-operation between the Republic of China and the Czech Republic and the identification of perspective branches for business relations between these two countries in the future.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] El emprendimiento sostenible (ES) se ha convertido en un tema central de interés en diversos sectores, como academia, sector privado, sector público y la sociedad civil. Este enfoque emerge de la necesidad de crear entornos donde las personas, el planeta, puedan prosperar de manera sostenible, integrando aspectos económicos, sociales, ambientales, políticos y culturales. La definición de ES varía según autor e intereses de investigación (Belz, 2013). Autores como Cohen & Winn (2007) sostienen que el ES conduce a una economía más sostenible a largo plazo a través de oportunidades de negocio, Mientras que Moya et al. (2019) enfatizan la importancia de modelo de negocio que generen ingresos y, al mismo tiempo, preserven el medio ambiente y promueven el bienestar de la sociedad. En el 2015, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas aprobó la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, que incluye 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) (UN, 2015). Estos ODS, se agrupan en cinco ejes principales: personas, planeta, prosperidad, paz y alianzas, que busca promover el bienestar de las actuales y futuras generaciones de manera inclusiva, equitativa y sostenible, al mismo tiempo que se garantiza la preservación del medio ambiente. La presente tesis doctoral propone aplicar un modelo de emprendimiento sostenible fundamentado en los ODS, como una estrategia para garantizar la perdurabilidad de los emprendimientos sostenibles en el tiempo. Para ello se identificaron seis criterios característicos clave: innovación, oportunidad, responsabilidad, calidad, creatividad y capacidad, que se asocian a diferentes variables para construir la estrategia sostenible. La investigación se divide en tres etapas. En la primera etapa, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de los constructos ES y ODS. En la segunda etapa, se lleva a cabo un análisis de los avances y desafíos de los ODS, partimos analizando 23 países de América Latina y el Caribe, así como 38 a países miembros de la OCDE, con el objetivo de identificar grupos homogéneos de países en función de cada uno de los cinco ejes de los ODS. En la tercera etapa, se desarrolla la base de datos, integrando variables relacionadas con los indicadores de innovación, los ODS, la actividad y actitud empresarial y las condiciones del marco empresarial. Estas variables se utilizan para examinar la relación entre la estrategia sostenible y la perdurabilidad de los emprendimientos sostenibles a través del indicador propiedad empresarial establecida, utilizando un modelo de datos panel desbalanceado de efectos fijos para 48 países durante el periodo 2015 al 2021. Los resultados de la investigación confirman la importancia de la aplicación de las variables de la estrategia sostenible para la implementación del modelo de ES fundamentado en los ODS. Se observa una relación significativa entre las variables relacionadas con la actividad empresarial y las condiciones del marco empresarial con la perdurabilidad de la propiedad empresarial establecida (EBO). Además, se identifica una relación positiva entre los ODS y la perdurabilidad de la EBO. Sin embargo, en el modelo las variables relacionadas con los indicadores de innovación no muestran una relación significativa con la perdurabilidad de la EBO. Esto sugiere que el impacto de la innovación en la perdurabilidad de la EBO podría ser más complejo y dependa de otros factores contextuales, como nivel de desarrollo económico del país o del sector de actividad económica. En conclusión, la investigación proporciona importantes contribuciones a la literatura y la práctica: Proporcionando herramientas y enfoques para orientar y evaluar el impacto de políticas y programas relacionados con emprendimiento, ES, ODS, el espíritu empresarial, entre otros, que facilitan la toma de decisiones más informadas. Esta investigación permitirá abordar los desafíos de la sostenibilidad de manera efectiva y contribuir al desarrollo sostenible en beneficio de todos. / [CA] L'emprenedoria sostenible (ÉS) s'ha convertit en un tema central d'interés en diversos sectors, com a acadèmia, sector privat, sector públic i la societat civil. Este enfocament emergix de la necessitat de crear entorns on les persones, el planeta, puguen prosperar de manera sostenible, integrant aspectes econòmics, socials, ambientals, polítics i culturals. La definició de ÉS varia segons autor i interessos d'investigació (Belz, 2013). Autors com Cohen & Winn (2007) sostenen que l'ÉS conduïx a una economia més sostenible a llarg termini a través d'oportunitats de negoci, Mentres que Moya et al. (2019) emfatitzen la importància de model de negoci que generen ingressos i, al mateix temps, preserven el medi ambient i promouen el benestar de la societat. En el 2015, l'Assemblea General de les Nacions Unides va aprovar l'Agenda 2030 per al Desenvolupament Sostenible, que inclou 17 Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible (ODS) (UN, 2015). Estos ODS, s'agrupen en cinc eixos principals: persones, planeta, prosperitat, pau i aliances, que busca promoure el benestar de les actuals i futures generacions de manera inclusiva, equitativa i sostenible, al mateix temps que es garantix la preservació del medi ambient. La present tesi doctoral proposa aplicar un model d'emprenedoria sostenible fonamentada en els ODS, com una estratègia per a garantir la perdurabilitat de les emprenedories sostenibles en el temps. Per a això es van identificar sis criteris característics clau: innovació, oportunitat, responsabilitat, qualitat, creativitat i capacitat, que s'associen a diferents variables per a construir l'estratègia sostenible. La investigació es dividix en tres etapes. En la primera etapa, es realitza una revisió bibliogràfica exhaustiva dels constructes ÉS i ODS. En la segona etapa, es duu a terme una anàlisi dels avanços i desafiaments dels ODS, partim analitzant 23 països d'Amèrica Llatina i el Carib, així com 38 a països membres de l'OCDE, amb l'objectiu d'identificar grups homogenis de països en funció de cadascun dels cinc eixos dels ODS. En la tercera etapa, es desenvolupa la base de dades, integrant variables relacionades amb els indicadors d'innovació, els ODS, l'activitat i actitud empresarial i les condicions del marc empresarial. Estes variables s'utilitzen per a examinar la relació entre l'estratègia sostenible i la perdurabilitat de les emprenedories sostenibles a través de l'indicador propietat empresarial establida, utilitzant un model de dades panell desbalanceado d'efectes fixos per a 48 països durant el període 2015 al 2021. Els resultats de la investigació confirmen la importància de l'aplicació de les variables de l'estratègia sostenible per a la implementació del model de fon ÉS amentat en els ODS. S'observa una relació significativa entre les variables relacionades amb l'activitat empresarial i les condicions del marc empresarial amb la perdurabilitat de la propietat empresarial establida (EBO). A més, s'identifica una relació positiva entre els ODS i la perdurabilitat de l'EBO. No obstant això, en el model les variables relacionades amb els indicadors d'innovació no mostren una relació significativa amb la perdurabilitat de l'EBO. Això suggerix que l'impacte de la innovació en la perdurabilitat de l'EBO podria ser més complex i depenga d'altres factors contextuals, com a nivell de desenvolupament econòmic del país o del sector d'activitat econòmica. En conclusió, la investigació proporciona importants contribucions a la literatura i la pràctica: Proporcionant ferramentes i enfocaments per a orientar i avaluar l'impacte de polítiques i programes relacionats amb emprenedoria, ÉS, ODS, l'esperit empresarial, entre altres, que faciliten la presa de decisions més informades. Esta investigació permetrà abordar els desafiaments de la sostenibilitat de manera efectiva i contribuir al desenvolupament sostenible en benefici de tots. / [EN] Sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) has become a central topic of interest in various sectors, such as academia, the private sector, the public sector and civil society. This approach emerges from the need to create environments where people, the planet, can thrive in a sustainable way, integrating economic, social, environmental, political and cultural aspects. The definition of SE varies according to author and research interests (Belz, 2013). Authors such as Cohen & Winn (2007) argue that SE leads to a more sustainable economy in the long term through business opportunities, while Moya et al. (2019) emphasise the importance of business models that generate income and, at the same time, preserve the environment and promote the well-being of society. In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (UN, 2015). These SDGs are grouped into five main axes: people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnerships, which seek to promote the well-being of current and future generations in an inclusive, equitable and sustainable manner, while ensuring the preservation of the environment. This doctoral thesis proposes the application of a sustainable entrepreneurship model based on the SDGs as a strategy to ensure the permanence of sustainable enterprises over time. To this end, six key characteristic criteria were identified: innovation, opportunity, responsibility, quality, creativity and capacity, which are associated with different variables to build the sustainable strategy. The research is divided into three stages. In the first stage, a comprehensive literature review of the SE and SDG constructs is conducted. In the second stage, an analysis of the progress and challenges of the SDGs is carried out, starting with an analysis of 23 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as 38 OECD member countries, with the aim of identifying homogeneous groups of countries according to each of the five axes of the SDGs. In the third stage, the database is developed, integrating variables related to innovation indicators, the SDGs, entrepreneurial activity and attitude, and business framework conditions. These variables are used to examine the relationship between sustainable strategy and the permanence of sustainable ventures through the established business ownership indicator, using an unbalanced fixed effects panel data model for 48 countries over the period 2015 to 2021. The research results confirm the importance of the application of sustainable strategy variables for the implementation of the SDG-based SE model. A significant relationship is observed between variables related to entrepreneurial activity and business framework conditions with the permanence of established business ownership (EBO). Furthermore, a positive relationship is identified between the SDGs and the permanence of EBO. However, in the model the variables related to innovation indicators do not show a significant relationship with EBO permanence. This suggests that the impact of innovation on EBO permanence might be more complex and depend on other contextual factors, such as the level of economic development of the country or the sector of economic activity. In conclusion, the research provides important contributions to literature and practice: Providing tools and approaches to guide and assess the impact of policies and programmes related to entrepreneurship, SE, SDGs, entrepreneurship, among others, facilitating more informed decision-making. This research will enable to address sustainability challenges effectively and contribute to sustainable development for the benefit of all. / Benavides Sánchez, EP. (2024). Propuesta de un modelo de emprendimiento sostenible fundamentado en los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/206836 / Compendio