The legal regulation of the environment is exemplary of the formation, practice and challenge of modern legal discourse and governance. The latter part of the twentieth century has seen the emergence of environmentalism and the problematisation of the environment in terms of the management of hazard and risk. The social authority of law has meant that it has been inevitably implicated in the contestation and negotiation of environmental governance. In turn, environmental governance and discourse have required a certain refiguring of legal rationality as legal discourse has been confronted by the immanent critique of environmentalism. This thesis will focus on how the environment emerged as problematic and how it came to be governed and of legal interest. Several examples of legal thinking concerning specific environmental problems are analysed, and the manner in which the environment is constructed within the legal discursive domain is examined. Much modern knowledge and understanding regarding the environment developed in part from the specialisation of scientific discourse and experiment, which formed certain areas of expertise, including biology, ecology and toxicology. This scientific knowledge significantly contributed to governmental identification and elucidation of the environment. Modern ecology and associated technologies have facilitated the detailed mapping and auditing of physical environments, and have profoundly effected our modern appreciation of ‘the environment’ as an interdependent, dynamic and potentially fragile web of interdependent physical zones, spaces and activities. Modern environmentalism has emerged through the application of this type of technical scientific knowledge, in combination with certain forms of ‘environmental sensibility’ which treat the environment, not as a thing, or somehow ‘out there’, but as a dynamic process of which humans are a part, which has a history, an economy, and a power to transform and be transformed. The shape of modern environmental governance has been especially influenced by the scientific and ethical critique of environmentalism that connects the origin of ecological risks to technological application and commodity production. Throughout this thesis, specific aspects of the ‘analytics of government’ or governmentality approach derived from Foucault’s writing on governmentality are taken up. Governmentality theory is largely concerned with the contingent relationship between knowledge and power; thus, with analysing specific discourses and associated spaces within which differing knowledge and forms of thinking interrelate and resist each other. The contestation and negotiation associated with environmental governance has confronted legal discourse and led to a refiguring of legal rationality. Legal governance of the environment has stretched and unsettled legal orthodoxy, as the environment does not readily fit into any of the usual categories pertaining to legal rights and interests. The environment, as a legal subject, is not simply a physical space; it is a contingent and instrumental concept, determined by human activity, social values and legal and non-legal calculation.

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma är en folkhälsoutmaning världen över och i Sverige beräknas 52 % av befolkningen i åldern 16–84 år leva med övervikt eller fetma. Övervikt och fetma blir allt vanligare och en ökad risk för följdsjukdomar tillkommer därigenom. Totalt beräknas de samhällsekonomiska kostnaderna uppgå till 70 miljarder kronor/år i Sverige. Hälso- och sjukvårdspesonal möter dagligen individer som lider av övervikt och fetma. Sjuksköterskans ansvar är att stödja och motivera patientena till hälsosamma levnadsvanor, vilket gör bemötandet till en viktig faktor. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur personer med övervikt och fetma upplever bemötandet från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes där tio vetenskapliga artiklar söktes fram iCinahl Complete, Discovery, PubMed och SweMed+. Åtta kvalitativa och två kvantitativa studier valdes ut till resultatet. Artiklarna granskades, analyserades samt färgkodades för att identifiera tre teman. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i tre huvudteman; vårdrelation, vårdmiljö och skam och skuld. Resultatet visade att förhållningssättet från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal påverkar personer med övervikt och fetma och studiernapekade på flera brister. I tre artiklar framkom delvis avvikande och positiva resultat av bemötande. Slutsats: Personer med övervikt och fetma upplever fördomar, okunskap och ett bemötande som bidrar till känslor av skam och skuld. Genom ökad kunskap, respekt och lyhördhet kan hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal skapa en mer värdig och tillitsfull relation med patienten. / Background: Overweight and obesity is a public health challenge worldwide. In Sweden, 52% of the population aged 16-84 is estimated to live with overweight or obesity. Overweight and obesity are becoming more common and an increased risk of sequelae is thereby added. In total, the socio-economic costs are estimated at SEK 70 billion/year in Sweden.Healthcare professionals meet individuals suffering from overweight and obesity on a daily basis. The nurse has a responsibility to support and motivate the patients to a healthy lifestyle and this makes the approachimportant. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how people with overweight and obesity experience the approach of health care professionals. Method: A literature review was done where ten scientific articles were found in: Cinahl Complete, Discovery, PubMed and SweMed +. Eight qualitative and two quantitative studies were selected for the results. The articles were reviewed, analyzed and color coded to identify three themes. Results: The results are presented in three main themes; relations, health facilityenvironment and shame and guilt. They showed that the approach byhealth care professionals can affect people with overweight and obesityand several studies pointed out dificiencys within the care. In three articles, partly deviating and positive results of the approach appeared. Conclusion: People with overweight and obesity experience prejudice and ignorate attitudes that contributes to feelings of shame and guilt. Through increased knowledge, respect and sensitivity, healthcare professionals can createmore dignified and trustfull relations to the patients.