Graduation date: 1973

There has been an increase in empirical evidence indicating an association between governance and health systems, suggesting that better governed countries tend to have healthier populations with better performing health systems. This is an important finding, as it could point to structural public health interventions having a greater impact on health systems performance than individually targeted interventions. This doctoral thesis in public health (DrPH) from Brunel University is a compilation of three independent research projects undertaken under different settings, converging in the examination of the relationship between governance and health systems. The first project was a study conducted in the African region of the World Health Organization with the aim of understanding how and to what extent measures of governance are statistically correlated with performance of health systems as measured by a key health outcome: the under-five child mortality. The second project was a case study from a high income country in Europe during the period in which it went through an economic meltdown, the focus being a qualitative analysis of the extent to which the response to economic crisis influenced public health policy making and short term performance of the health system. The third project was a policy analysis carried out in an upper middle income country in Asia and the focus was to examine how the long history of health financing reform has influenced the performance of the health system. All research projects indicate an association between governance and health systems and the case studies provide empirical evidence of how health systems are affected by governance quality. The African study shows a statistically positive relationship between governance indicators and health outcomes, suggesting better governed countries to have lower child mortality. The European and the Asian cases suggest accountability, responsiveness, transparency and fair partnership to be important governance qualities for successful policy making and reforms. This evidence could be of use to current and future policy makers and others with the authority to configure and implement new public health policies. It indicates the importance of comprehensive analytical work prior to policy making with easy access to documents and fair participation with all stakeholders to increase the probability of reaching consensus oriented policy proposals followed by successful implementations. The main contribution of this thesis is to provide evidence through robust statistical/ qualitative analysis around the association between governance and health systems in countries at all income levels. The originality is located in the breadth (three different settings) as well as depth (three distinct, robust methods) of this kind of research. The congruence of findings regardless of study locations, the outcome measures used or types of methods applied have added to the growing evidence that there is a strong correlation between governance and health systems performance. This increased knowledge provides policy makers with additional evidence which can be applied to develop and improve governance with the aim of allocating public resources more efficiently and equitably. However, further research is required on governance and its link to health systems, inter alia how health equity is affected by selective partnership in the decision making processes and how political ideologies influence governance practices.

This thesis is aimed to analyze the impact of economic crisis in Latvia which was carried out in 2008-2010. Concurentelly the first part of the study emhasizes on claryfying the causes of the emergence of the economic crisis. The following part is focused on description of the reasons why particularly the way out of crisis throuhg internal devaluation was chosen and used. The actual negotiations on assistance from IMF and implemented fiscal consolidation are incorporated in this section of the thesis as well. The final part of the study beyond analyzing impacts of economic crisis analyzes demographic trends in Latvia. The comparison of external devaluation, which took place in Iceland, and internal devaluation that was implemented in Latvia is essential. Implemented savings measures within the internal devaluation achieved their targets and Latvia quickly emerged from the crisis and since 2011 to 2014 its GDP was continually growing. However, the worst problem which negatively affected Latvia seemed to be adverse demographic development which causes the fact that the country has to face the high rate of emigration, low birth rate and population aging.

Orientador: Marcelo Weishaupt Proni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_FernandoMelonide_M.pdf: 1791302 bytes, checksum: 110a2b7cfba9c68a715439b0ca6b3af9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O estudo que aqui se apresenta trata principalmente do Turismo no Brasil e das formas de trabalho nele existentes. Tendo como recorte analítico as transformações sociais e econômicas ocorridas no Brasil a partir dos anos noventa, o objetivo desta análise foi investigar a importância do Turismo na geração de ocupações no País, discutindo o perfil e a qualidade das mesmas. Portanto, buscou-se aqui verificar não apenas o volume de empregos, mas, também, os níveis de remuneração, os tipos de ocupação, a formalidade e a informalidade do emprego, a distribuição regional dos ocupados, dentre outras características importantes. Para contextualizar esta análise, além da discussão das metodologias de mensuração das ocupações no segmento, o texto inclui: (1) uma breve apresentação e um debate sobre o processo de desenvolvimento econômico e de configuração do mercado de trabalho brasileiro nas últimas décadas, especialmente, a partir dos anos 1990; (2) uma análise do processo de crescimento e transformação do complexo econômico do Turismo no Brasil, com o destaque para o enfoque nos ramos de atividade que formam o Núcleo Duro do Turismo, isto é, seu segmento mais dinâmico; e (3) uma reflexão acerca das políticas públicas de Turismo, que têm um papel fundamental sobre desenvolvimento da atividade e sobre a organização do trabalho no interior do mesmo. Pode-se considerar, a partir dos dados e da discussão apresentada, que apesar da expansão e do processo de modernização das atividades que compõem o centro da atividade econômica do Turismo, por um lado, e do fortalecimento das ações, programas e planos públicos para atividade no País, que sempre enfatizaram a importância da geração de empregos no segmento, por outro lado, o trabalho no Turismo brasileiro não apenas possui ainda um papel muito modesto em termos quantitativos, uma vez apuradas as metodologias de análise, como também não se destaca, na qualidade das ocupações geradas, daquelas encontradas de maneira ampla no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Pelo contrário, as ocupações encontradas no segmento turístico, em geral, caracterizam-se por rendimentos inferiores e maior precariedade, quando comparadas com outras atividades de Serviços, por exemplo. Todavia, a análise entre os ramos de atividade turística também revela diferenças importantes. De todo modo, ainda há muito que se avançar na formulação de políticas e na melhoria das condições de trabalho no Turismo, que há anos vem sendo muito valorizado, especialmente neste aspecto. / Abstract: The study that is presented here deals mainly with the Tourism in Brazil and the existing forms of work within it. Taking as analytical approach the social and economic changes that have occurred in Brazil since the nineties, the objective of this analysis was investigate the importance of the Tourism in the generation of occupations in Brazil, discussing the profile and the quality of these jobs. Therefore, the attempt of this study was not only verify the number of jobs created, but, also, the wage levels, the types of occupation, the formality and the informality of the employment, the regional distribution of the occupied, among other important characteristics. To contextualize this analysis, beyond a discussion of the methods of measurement of occupations in the segment, the text includes: (1) a brief presentation and a discussion on the process of economic development and configuration of the Brazilian labour market in the recent decades, especially from the years 1990; (2) an analysis of the growth process and transformation of the Tourism economic complex in Brazil, with emphasis on the approach in the activity branches that form the Hard Nucleus of the Tourism, that is, its more dynamic segment; and (3) a reflection concerning the public policies on tourism, which have a key role on the development of the activity and the organization of the work within it. It can be considered, from the data and the presented discussion, that - despite the expansion and modernization process of the activities that compose the center of the economic activity of the Tourism, on the other hand, and the strengthening of the actions, plans and public programs for activity in the country, which has always emphasized the importance of the employment generation in the segment, on the other hand -, the work in the Brazilian tourism not only still has a very modest hole in quantitative terms, once refined the analysis methodologies, as well as doesn't stand out, in terms of the quality of the occupations created, of those found broadly in the Brazilian labour market. Rather, the occupations found in the tourism segment, in general, are characterized by lower incomes and more precarious conditions, when compared with other activities of Services, for example. However, the analysis between the branches of tourist activity also discloses differences that are important. In all way, there is much to make progress in policy formulation and in the improvement of the conditions of the work in Tourism, which for years has been highly valued, especially in this aspect. / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The aim of this thesis is the analysis, design and implementation of a data bridge between the information system of the company Sledovanitv.cz, s.r.o. and the economic system. The first part describes the objectives of the project. The theoretical part provides the necessary foundation for the implementation and, in addition to the theoretical background of information systems as a whole it presents and describes the technologies used for the execution of the implementation. The needs and requirements for future expansion are determined based on the analysis of the current situation. The practical part introduces a proposed solution, the method and procedure of implementation. In the final part, the author gives an assessment of the practical and economic benefits of the project.