Oncocytomas are uncommon tumors of the salivary gland. They have an abundance of mitochondria, which is manifested as granular eosinophilic cytoplasm by light microscopy. On histological sections, presence of cytoplasmic glycogen and/or fixation artifact can impart cytoplasmic clearing, and oncocytomas with a predominance of clear cytoplasm are labeled clear cell oncocytomas. Two forms of oncocytoma, eosinophilic and clear cell, have been described in the surgical pathology literature. The purpose of this manuscript is to conduct a comparative cytological assessment to ascertain parallels and differences between the two variants.

Introduction: Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and inactivates IL-5. It is available as a subcutaneous preparation. The practical application of mepolizumab is as an add-on therapy in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. Areas covered: This article was created from a comprehensive literature search with information taken from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical trials of adults. The articles that have been selected evaluate the use of mepolizumab and its role in eosinophilic asthma. Expert opinion: Mepolizumab is significantly more effective than placebo in reducing exacerbations and need for systemic corticosteroids in severe eosinophilic asthma. There is a lack of head to head studies comparing mepolizumab to other monoclonal anti-IL-5 inhibitors in severe eosinophilic asthma. Post marketing surveillance revealed risk of anaphylaxis that is below 1%.

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Le réarrangement FIP1L1-PDGFRA (F/P), identifié de manière récurrente dans les leucémies chroniques à éosinophiles, est à l’origine d’une activation constitutive de l’activité tyrosine kinase de la chaîne α du récepteur au PDGFR. Les mécanismes concourant à la prolifération éosinophile exclusive et au profil de cytotoxicité spécifique à cette leucémie sont encore mal élucidés. Ce récepteur PDGFRα;, principalement exprimé dans les cellules mésenchymateuses, y exerce des effets prolifératifs et chimiotactiques, en partie induits par la production intracellulaire de dérivés réactifs de l’oxygène (ROS). Ces constatations nous ont amené à étudier les perturbations du métabolisme oxydatif dans la leucémie F/P+, en utilisant une approche d’étude globale du protéome d’éosinophiles de sujets F/P+, comparé à des éosinophiles de sujets contrôles. Dans ce travail, nous avons démontré qu’il existe, dans les éosinophiles F/P+, une dérégulation de nombreuses protéines impliquées dans la signalisation redox intracellulaire. De plus, les modifications d’expression de certaines d’entre elles (peroxiredoxine-2, src-homology-2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 ou SHP-1), non retrouvées dans les éosinophiles de patients ayant un syndrome hyperéosinophilique idiopathique, et identifiées dans une lignée cellulaire exprimant F/P, semblent spécifiquement induites par F/P. L’activation du PDGFRα; dans les éosinophiles F/P+ est donc à l’origine d’un déséquilibre du métabolisme oxydatif dont les conséquences sur la différenciation vers le lignage éosinophile ou sur la cytotoxicité seront discutées. / The FIP1L1-PDGFRA (F/P) fusion gene, identified as a recurrent molecular finding in chronic eosinophilic leukemia, induces a constitutive activation of the kinase domain of PDGFRα. However, the molecular events contributing to the predominant eosinophil lineage expansion and to the singular cytotoxicity profile of eosinophils in this leukemia remain unclear. PDGFRα;, mainly expressed in mesenchymal cells, possesses proliferative and chemotactic properties, which are, in part, mediated by the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These observations prompted us to investigate the disturbances of the redox signaling in the F/P-associated leukemia, using a comparative study of the proteome of F/P+-eosinophils and eosinophils of healthy controls. Here, we report, in F/P+-eosinophils, the abnormal expression of numerous proteins implicated in oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, changes in expression of particular proteins (peroxiredoxine-2 and src-homology-2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatase-1) appears specific to F/P-Eos compared to patients with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, and could be demonstrated in F/P-expressing cell line EOL-1. Thus, the activation of PDGFRα; in F/P+-eosinophils leads to a global disturbance of the redox signaling, whose consequences on the differentiation toward eosinophil lineage and cytotoxicity will be discussed.

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We report a rare case of Wells syndrome in which a 61-year-old Caucasian male presented with three distinct skin lesions including a cutaneous bulla, an erythematous plaque, and a linear streak located on the patient’s left anterior thigh, left dorsal wrist, and left anterior forearm, respectively. Histologic examination revealed diffuse and interstitial eosinophilic infiltrate admixed with lymphocytes and macrophages that predominantly involve the dermis. Nodular aggregates of eosinophils surrounding dermal collagen fibers suggestive of ‘flame figures’ were identified. Luna histochemical stain was used and highlighted the deposition of eosinophilic granules over the collagen bundles confirming the presence of flame figures. Laboratory workup revealed peripheral eosinophilia, but a comprehensive clinical evaluation failed to reveal a systemic disease and ultimately the diagnosis of eosinophilic cellulitis ‘Wells Syndrome’ was rendered. After a short course of immunosuppressive therapy, the patient experienced a complete resolution of the skin lesions on his last follow-up visit several weeks from the initial diagnosis. This case highlights the various clinical forms that Wells syndrome may present with and may serve as a good example for the use of Luna stain as a simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool that can help to arrive at the accurate diagnosis and inform therapy.

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