The purpose and aim of this study was to examine, identify and account for general understandings and expressions of grief in family members of dead First World War servicemen. The study found its theoretical framework in Jay Winter’s term ”languages of mourning” and his hypothesis that First World War commemoration mainly drew on ”traditional” rather than ”modern” themes and languages, as expressed in his book Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History. The study used a qualitative method of text analysis and compared its findings to previous research. The source material used in the study was reports on headstone inscriptions and texts from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. The epitaphs used in the study were from three different British war cemeteries. The main findings of the study is that the languages of mourning used in the epitaphs mainly were traditional rather than modern, in Jay Winter’s terminology. Much like Winter argued, the most common themes and thus langauges of mourning are those of ”religion” and ”memory” or ”sentimentality.” Unlike Winter, however, this study also found the use of ”personal details” about the dead or their families to be of common usage. Explicit expressions of grief or patriotism were, however, less common.

Research on Roman slavery has mainly been focued on questions of market economy since the beginning of the twentieth century. With the interest in the treatment of slaves and their experience of slavery, the master-slave relationship has been the object of increased interests, until recent exploration of the influence of freed slaves' culture on traditional practices. this thesis tries to assess the construction of parallel value systems among slaves and freedmen, which not only contrasted worldviews in free society but often reshaped them. Instrumentalization of the emotional concepts of honour and dishonour in the context of the family and in funerary commemoration are central to such assessment. / Forskningen om romerskt slaveri har främst varit fokuserad på frågor om marknadsekonomi sedan 1900-talets början. Genom intresset för behandlingen av slavar och deras upplevelse, har relationen mellan ägare och slavar varit objekt av växande intresse, fram till nutida forskning rörande frigivna slavars kulturella influens på traditionell praxis. Denna uppsats försöker förklara konstruktionen av parallela värdesystem bland slavar och frigivna, som inte bara kontrasterade med det fria samhällets världsbilder, utan reformerade dem. Instrumentaliseringen av de emotionella koncepten ära och vanära, kontextualiserad inom familjen och begravsningminnen är centrala för en sådan slutsats.