Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine spécialisée : Nancy 1 : 2002. / Thèse : 02NAN11018. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

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BRITO, Jéssica de Carvalho. Digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e características físico-químicas das fezes de equídeos alimentados com feno de tifton. 2016. 39 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Aline Mendes (alinemendes.ufc@gmail.com) on 2017-01-16T21:09:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jcbrito.pdf: 738911 bytes, checksum: b21e8de2629c7e9fe53992fdce2fae33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-01-16T21:14:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jcbrito.pdf: 738911 bytes, checksum: b21e8de2629c7e9fe53992fdce2fae33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T21:14:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jcbrito.pdf: 738911 bytes, checksum: b21e8de2629c7e9fe53992fdce2fae33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The horses and donkeys are different species of horses that have physiological characteristics that need to be understood for better accomplishment of food management and food nutrients utilization Thus, the objective was to compare and evaluate the voluntary food intake and the implications on the physico-chemical characteristics of the stool, production of short chain fatty acids and apparent digestibility of a diet consisting of hay Tifton 85 in equine and asinine species. Twenty animals were used, ten quarter mile race horses and ten Pêga breed asses, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments of ten repetitions, being the animal the experimental unit. It is considered as treatments the two species analyzed. The animals were fed with Tifton 85 hay (85.72% DM, 12.88% CP, 73.74% NDF, 32.59% ADF and 2.25 Mcal GE/kg) at will, and it was evaluated the ability of voluntary intake. After six days of adaptation to experimental conditions, it was carried out four days of total stool collection. During the collection period, at 6h feces were collected for measurement of pH and buffering capacity (BC) as well as the color evaluation and stool consistency. During the collection period, the feces were homogenized for removal of a sample for the analyzes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and gross energy (GE). Digestibility coefficients were calculated for DM, CP, NDF, ADF and GE. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the digestibility trial, at 0, 3 and 6 h after feeding for analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which were also analyzed in the stool. Donkeys showed consumption of 1.12 kg DM/BW statistically smaller (P <0.05) than equine (1.60 DM/BW). It was observed higher digestibility coefficients (P <0.05) to asses for DM (61.60%), CP (67,18%) NDF (54,17) and the ADF (50,00). There was no statistical difference for pH, color and consistency of stools among the species studied receiving diet composed only with bulky. The BC of donkeys was more efficient for BC6 (9.12 mmol/L) and BC5 (22.62 mmol/L) than horses (6.07 and 14.38 mmol/L, respectively). It was observed that donkeys produce more acetic acid (33.81 mmol/L) with a unique fodder diet, but they exhibit lower levels of this SCFA in the blood (1.00 mmol/L) compared to the horses (1.27 mmol/L), which shows less absorption of acetate in the cecum-colic region. The asses have consumption capacity of hay Tifton85 less than equine, but shows higher digestibility of nutrients and increased buffering capacity of short-chain fatty acids formed during fermentation. / Os equinos e asininos são espécies diferentes de equídeos que possuem particularidades fisiológicas que precisam ser entendidas para melhor realização do manejo alimentar e aproveitamento dos nutrientes dos alimentos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se comparar e avaliar o consumo voluntário de alimento e as implicações sobre as características físico-químicas das fezes, produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e digestibilidade aparente de uma dieta composta por feno de Tifton 85 nas espécies equina e asinina. Foram utilizados 20 animais adultos, sendo dez equinos da raça quarto de milha e dez jumentas da raça Pêga, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 2 tratamentos de 10 repetições, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. Considerou-se como tratamentos as duas espécies analisadas. Os animais foram alimentados com feno de Tifton 85 (85,72 %MS; 12,88 %PB; 73,74 %FDN; 32,59 %FDA e 2,25 Mcal EB/kg) à vontade, e avaliada a capacidade de consumo voluntário. Após seis dias de adaptação às condições experimentais, foram realizados quatro dias de coleta total de fezes. Durante o período de coleta, às 6h foram recolhidas as fezes para medição do pH e capacidade tamponante (CT), bem como a avaliação de cor e consistência das fezes. Durante o período de coleta, as fezes foram homogeneizadas para retirada de uma amostra composta para a realização das análises de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e energia bruta (EB). Foram calculados os coeficientes de digestibilidade para MS, PB, FDN, FDA e EB. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no último dia do ensaio de digestibilidade, às 0, 3 e 6h após a alimentação para análises de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) que também foram analisados nas fezes. Asininos apresentaram consumo de 1,12 Kg MS/PV menor ao dos equinos (1,60 Kg MS/PV). Observou-se maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade (P<0,05) na espécie asinina para MS (61,60%), PB (67,18%), FDN (54,17) e FDA (50,00). Não houve diferença estatística para os valores de pH, cor e consistência das fezes entre as espécies estudadas recebendo dieta composta somente com volumoso. A CT dos asininos mostrou-se mais eficiência para CT6 (9,12 mmol/L) e CT5 (22,62 mmol/L) que os equinos (6,07 e 14,38mmol/L, respectivamente). Observou-se que os asininos produzem mais ácido acético (33,81 mmol/L) com uma dieta exclusiva de forragem, mas apresentam menores níveis desse AGCC no sangue (1,00 mmol/L) em comparação aos equinos (1,27 mmol/L), o que demonstra menor absorção na região ceco- cólica de acetato. A espécie Asinina possui capacidade de consumo de feno de Tifton85 menor que a equina, mas demonstra maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e maior capacidade tamponante dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta formados na fermentação.

This Master thesis is about Peter Shaffer´s play Equus (1973). It looks at identity and the relationship of humans and horses in the text. In the introduction the author, his work in general and particularly Equus, further research and own aims and motivations for the thesis are presented. The second chapter explains the methods used to understand the play as a descriptive, narrative piece of literature according to Mick Short. Analyzing takes place in the main part: chapter three works on the concept of identity, gives a theoretical frame based on Stuart Hall´s ideas, and then characterizes and interpretes the figures Martin Dysart and Alan Strang. The two protagonists form themselves in endless processes of identification. Chapter four elaborates the historical human-horse-relationship, its characteristics and its relevance in the text. Humans and horses are presented together due to their complex similarities. The discussion following combines the results of the main chapters and states their overlapping and support of each other. Conclusions are, that Hall´s concept of constant identification is true for the two analyzed characters, that the common history of humans and horses can be found as a complex companionship in the play, that the topics of identity and the horse-human-relationship interfere with each other, and finally, that Dysart and Strang use horses to create their individual identities.

<p>The legally binding international declaration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (signed by over 180 countries) recently acknowledged the importance of conserving genetic diversity within livestock species. This study aimed to help Canada assess molecular diversity in its horse and pony (<i>Equus ferus caballus</i>) genetic resources. Here, 24 populations were examined, with special focus on the native Canadian, Mountain and Moorland, and Nordic pony populations, using two well accepted molecular tools. Additional horse breeds and feral populations were also included in this project as some may have influenced the development of the three equine groups of interest. Altogether, 821 individuals were genotyped at 38 microsatellite loci, and 280 individuals were sequenced using a 421 base pair portion of the mitochondrial displacement Hypervariable Region I.</p> <p>Results from the microsatellite analyses indicated that 13.33% of genetic diversity arose from breed differences, whereas 84.60% and 2.07% of diversity arose from within and among individuals respectively. The New Forest and Welsh breeds were found to be the most diverse while having the highest average effective number of alleles and allelic richness (4.31 and 6.01; 4.33 and 5.87 respectively). The Eriskay and Lac La Croix breeds were found to have the lowest average effective number of alleles and allelic richness (2.51 and 3.98; 2.83 and 4.01 respectively). Expected heterozygosities were lowest in the Lac La Croix (0.61) and highest in the Welsh and New Forest (0.74) breeds, whereas observed heterozygosities were highest in the Kerry Bog (0.77) and lowest in the Exmoor (0.57) breeds. The genetic structure and admixture analyses suggested that the most probable number of unique genetic clusters was 21 as opposed to the 24 predefined populations.</p> <p>Results from the mitochondrial sequence data revealed that there were 36 informative sites producing 62 haplotypes, 20 of which were previously unreported. The Connemara was found to have the highest haplotype diversity of the pony breeds (0.89); however, the Highland pony was found to have the highest nucleotide diversity and pairwise difference (0.16 and 6.73 respectively). In contrast, the Fell pony had the lowest haplotype diversity (0.22), and the feral Sable Island population had the lowest nucleotide diversity and pairwise difference (0.01 and 0.29 respectively). Multiple phylogenetic trees were reconstructed and produced similar topologies. In general, the Mountain and Moorland and Nordic breeds were spread among the clades, whereas native Canadian populations were most frequent in the D and E clades. Interestingly, a large portion of ponies were found within the rare E clade as opposed to horses.</p> <p>Information gathered from this project can be incorporated with other available data into pre-existing conservation/breeding programs currently managed by the various breed societies to ensure that the most optimal and sustainable strategies are in place.</p>

<p>The legally binding international declaration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (signed by over 180 countries) recently acknowledged the importance of conserving genetic diversity within livestock species. This study aimed to help Canada assess molecular diversity in its horse and pony (<i>Equus ferus caballus</i>) genetic resources. Here, 24 populations were examined, with special focus on the native Canadian, Mountain and Moorland, and Nordic pony populations, using two well accepted molecular tools. Additional horse breeds and feral populations were also included in this project as some may have influenced the development of the three equine groups of interest. Altogether, 821 individuals were genotyped at 38 microsatellite loci, and 280 individuals were sequenced using a 421 base pair portion of the mitochondrial displacement Hypervariable Region I.</p> <p>Results from the microsatellite analyses indicated that 13.33% of genetic diversity arose from breed differences, whereas 84.60% and 2.07% of diversity arose from within and among individuals respectively. The New Forest and Welsh breeds were found to be the most diverse while having the highest average effective number of alleles and allelic richness (4.31 and 6.01; 4.33 and 5.87 respectively). The Eriskay and Lac La Croix breeds were found to have the lowest average effective number of alleles and allelic richness (2.51 and 3.98; 2.83 and 4.01 respectively). Expected heterozygosities were lowest in the Lac La Croix (0.61) and highest in the Welsh and New Forest (0.74) breeds, whereas observed heterozygosities were highest in the Kerry Bog (0.77) and lowest in the Exmoor (0.57) breeds. The genetic structure and admixture analyses suggested that the most probable number of unique genetic clusters was 21 as opposed to the 24 predefined populations.</p> <p>Results from the mitochondrial sequence data revealed that there were 36 informative sites producing 62 haplotypes, 20 of which were previously unreported. The Connemara was found to have the highest haplotype diversity of the pony breeds (0.89); however, the Highland pony was found to have the highest nucleotide diversity and pairwise difference (0.16 and 6.73 respectively). In contrast, the Fell pony had the lowest haplotype diversity (0.22), and the feral Sable Island population had the lowest nucleotide diversity and pairwise difference (0.01 and 0.29 respectively). Multiple phylogenetic trees were reconstructed and produced similar topologies. In general, the Mountain and Moorland and Nordic breeds were spread among the clades, whereas native Canadian populations were most frequent in the D and E clades. Interestingly, a large portion of ponies were found within the rare E clade as opposed to horses.</p> <p>Information gathered from this project can be incorporated with other available data into pre-existing conservation/breeding programs currently managed by the various breed societies to ensure that the most optimal and sustainable strategies are in place.</p>

Telperion is a portion of the eZemvelo Nature Reserve, located in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. It falls within the Grassland Biome that comprise of a wide diversity of habitats and of which only 2.3% is currently conserved in reserves. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction of Telperion zebras with their vegetation habitats, the influence of vegetation on their movement and how it differs seasonally, focusing specifically on two groups in distinctly different habitat types. The first, Rocky Highveld Grassland, the second a Mixed Grassland community. Hourly zebra observations took place distinguishing between stallions, mares and foals during different times of the day, throughout a year. Zebra habitat was thereby identified and vegetation surveys were conducted in each of these sites according to the Braun-Blanquet vegetation sampling method. The plant species recorded for each sample plot were captured in the vegetation database TURBOVEG. The database was exported into the working directory JUICE. The results indicate no difference between feeding rates of the habitat types. Mares spent most time feeding, then stallions followed by foals, all of which were highest during afternoons. A vegetation gradient was identified, implying that zebras utilise both vegetation communities, as well as the transition between the communities. Zebras were less vigilant during grazing when large numbers were gathered in the same area. Tracking zebras revealed their migrating behaviour from a central point to the rest of the reserve in summer and more specifically to rocky ridges in winter. The understanding of zebra behaviour contributes to management and mitigation for good veld conditions in Telperion. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Plant Science / unrestricted

The following study is divided into five parts, The first part examines the use of myth in Eguus, Various interpretations of myth are presented and their relationship to Equus is explored. Chapter II covers the relevance of psychology to the play. R, Do Laing's comments on normalcy as the goal of society and Carl Jung's theories on the subconscious are both important to a study of Equus. The philosophy of Nietzsche helps explain some of the ideas in Equus, and Chapter III summarizes his contributions to the study. Chapter IV is a close look at the symbolism of the horse, and Chapter V deals with the yearning for transcendence as discussed by early German Romanticists, Equus is a romantic statement incorporating the fields of myth and psychology.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T13:21:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RebecaJFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1231711 bytes, checksum: 845448c874cc7680ba5ba551b9029235 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T13:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RebecaJFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1231711 bytes, checksum: 845448c874cc7680ba5ba551b9029235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is the most important viral disease among horses. It is an endemic disease in populations of Equidae throughout the world. All equids are considered to be susceptible although most of the published work are focused in horses, with a lack of information on EIA in donkeys. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil thousands of donkeys live free, establishing a problem for the control of diseases like the EIA, since they may play a role as reservoirs. In this work, blood samples taken from 409 animals (asinine and equine) were submitted to IDGA, ELISA pgp45 and nested-PCR tests, using gag and LTR gene as molecular markers. Four samples (0.98%) were positive in at least one serological test, and of these, three (0.73%) were positive to nested-PCR. We did not get enough material for sequencing of LTR samples from asinine, then only the amplified referring to the positive equine sample was sequenced. The alignment (BLAST) allowed the identification of the sequence as EIAV with 95% of similarity with european strains. Three product from nested-PCR products for the gag gene were sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. The result of this analysis suggested that the samples obtained from the horse had the same origin as strains from North America, and that the sequences from donkey samples had no homology with any other already published available EIAV sequence. In the light of the results from this work, additional studies are required. So we could confirm that we found a new strain of EIAV or endogenous retrovirus that are capable of expressing genes that are homologous to EIAV or even a new species of lentivirus Although the presented data are incomplete, they reveal an interesting scenario for the study of EIAV infection in equids ther than the horses / A anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) é a doença infecciosa de etiologia viral mais importante entre os equinos. É uma doença endêmica em populações de equídeos por todo o mundo. Considera-se que todos os equídeos são susceptíveis embora os trabalhos publicados se concentrem em equinos, sendo escassas as informações sobre AIE em asininos. No Rio Grande do Norte (RN) milhares de asininos vivem livres, constituindo um problema para o controle de enfermidades como a AIE, pois podem ser prováveis reservatórios e fontes de transmissão delas. Neste trabalho, amostras de 409 animais (asininos e equinos) foram submetidas aos testes de IDGA, ELISA pgp45 e nested-PCR, utilizando iniciadores para o gene gag e LTR. Quatro amostras (0,98%) foram positivas em pelo menos um teste sorológico, e dessas, três amostras (0,73%) foram positivas na nested-PCR. Não obtivemos material suficiente para sequenciamento das amostras de LTR dos asininos sendo sequenciado apenas o amplificado de LTR referente à amostra do equino positivo. O alinhamento (BLAST) permitiu a identificação da sequência como vírus da AIE (EIAV) com 95% de similaridade de nucleotídeos com estirpes europeias. Os três produtos obtidos da nested-PCR para o gene gag foram sequenciados e submetidos à análise filogenética. O resultado da análise sugeriu que a sequência obtida do cavalo confirmaram a identificação como EIAV, com a mesma origem de isolados da América do Norte, e que as sequencias de asininos não possuem identidade com nenhuma outra deo EIAV até o momento publicada. Desta forma, estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar se, com estes resultados, foram identificados um lentivirus ainda não descrito que infecta Equus asinus (e qual papel ele teria para outros equídeos) ou se trata de retrovírus endógenos que expressa proteínas usadas como marcadores de diagnóstico da AIE. Embora os dados apresentados sejam incipientes, revelam um cenário interessante para o estudo das lentiviroses em asininos / 2017-06-29

Since changes in chromosome morphology contribute to the knowledge of evolution as well as to chromosome dynamics, this study looks specifically at one chromosome compared in twelve different species of Perissodactyls: Equus caballus (ECA), E. przewalskii (EPR), Equus africanus somaliensis (EAF), E. asinus (EAS), E. hemionus onager (EHO), E. h. kulan (EHK), E. h. kiang (EKI), E. zebra hartmannae (EZH), E. grevyi (EGR), E. burchelli (EBU), Tapirus indicus (TIN), and Rhinoceros unicornis (RUN). While chromosome morphology studies have been done in some of the extant equids, none have followed the evolution of this chromosome, homologous to Equus caballus chromosome 20 (ECA20), which contains the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The gene order on the chromosome arm homologous to human chromosome six in most Equidae is reversed with respect to the centromere in comparison to humans. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to show that four probes from ECA20 hybridized to ECA20 (control), SWA5, EAS8, EHO16, EHK14, EKI16, EZH10, EGR11, EBU13, TIN4, and one of RUN12, 14, 15, or 22. The order for the four genes in the horses, zebras, and rhinoceros were as follows: cen-EDN1-MHC-ITPR3-MUT. Hybridization to the ass and tapir chromosomes displayed a possible neocentromere formation. It is apparent the chromosome has gone through several morphological changes while undergoing speciation in the Equidae, yet the overall gene order is conserved.