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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Igelkottar i jordbrukslandskapet på Gotland 2011.

Norrby, Nils-Erik January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
2

Gyvūnų žūvimas kelyje Vilnius - Dūkštos / Animal roadkills on the road vilnius - dukstos

Papečkienė, Vaiva 08 September 2009 (has links)
Per pusantrų metų 26 km ilgio kelyje Vilnius–Dūkštos užregistruota 378 žuvę gyvūnai, iš jų 44 žinduoliai (6 laukinių ir 3 naminių gyvūnų rūšys), 1 paukštis ir 333 varliagyviai (rudosios Rana genties varlės). Rastas 21 suvažinėtas baltakrūtis ežys, 8 katės, 4 šunys, 4 akmeninės kiaunės, 2 rudosios žiurkės, 2 geltonkaklės pelės, 1 lapę, 1 pilkasis kiškis ir 1 karvė. Varliagyviai masiškai žūva migruodami iš žiemojimo vietų į nerštavietes. Tiek 2005, tiek 2006 metais masinis rudųjų varlių žuvimas kelyje Vilnius–Dūkštos užregistruotas balandžio pirmąjį dešimtadienį. Daugiausia žinduolių ant kelio buvo suvažinėta šiltuoju metų laiku – rugpjūčio, gegužės ir rugsėjo mėnesiais. Kadangi gyvūnai ant kelių registruojami rytą, dauguma jų suvažinėjami tamsiu paros metu. Daugiausia žinduolių (27%) suvažinėta tose vietose, kur kelią supa krūmynai, 23% - gyvenvietėse ir miesteliuose, 20% – keliui einant pievomis ir 18% – pamiškėse. Kitų biotopų reikšmė gyvūnų žuvimui kelyje Vilnius–Dūkštos buvo nedidelė – miške užregistruota tik 9% žuvusių žinduolių. Ežiai ir varliagyviai suvažinėjami visame Vilnius–Dūkštos kelio ruože: varliagyviai – ties grioviais, upeliais, laukų pelkutėmis ir ten, kur kelią supa šlapi krūmynai, ežiai – kai kelias eina pievomis ir krūmuotomis vietomis. Ištirtoje kelio atkarpoje trūksta apie susidūrimą su gyvūnais perspėjančių kelio ženklų, pavojingose vietose nėra ribojamas greitis. Šios priemonės leistų sumažinti gyvūnų žuvimą. / Animal roadkills on the road were partly conditioned by overspeeding and insufficient number of the road signs. Our results show, that animal roadkills are quite big compared to the short road segment. In the foreign countries problems of the animal roadkills receive more attention, as except damage done to the nature, there are problems of safety, material losses and possible charges to a road service if warning road signs were absent. Object of this investigation were animals, killed on the road Vilnius–Dūkštos (segment length – 26 km). Aim this work was to evaluate species composition of the killed animals, seasonality and influence of the surrounding habitats. Investigation was done while driving this segment twice per day and registering animals killed. Rules of the road were obeyed – no stops under sign or interrupting other vehicles, thus, not all of the killed animals were collected or pictures taken. Places of the roadkills were mapped. In the period of 2004.11.01–2006.05.01number of killed animals was 378; out of these 44 mammals, 1 bird (young Tawny Owl) and 333 amphibians (common/moor frogs). Biggest number of mammal roadkills was done in the dark period of the day and in August–September, while that of amphibians – in April. No kills were registered in January and February. Species composition of mammals: 21 hedgehogs, 4 stone martens, 2 yellow-necked mice, 2 brown rats, 1 fox, 1 brown hare, 8 cats and 4 dogs. According our results and literature analysis... [to full text]
3

Gyvūnų žūvimas kelyje Vilnius - Dūkštos / Animal roadkills on the road vilnius - dukstos

Papečkienė, Vaiva 08 September 2009 (has links)
Per pusantrų metų 26 km ilgio kelyje Vilnius–Dūkštos užregistruota 378 žuvę gyvūnai, iš jų 44 žinduoliai (6 laukinių ir 3 naminių gyvūnų rūšys), 1 paukštis ir 333 varliagyviai (rudosios Rana genties varlės). Rastas 21 suvažinėtas baltakrūtis ežys, 8 katės, 4 šunys, 4 akmeninės kiaunės, 2 rudosios žiurkės, 2 geltonkaklės pelės, 1 lapę, 1 pilkasis kiškis ir 1 karvė. Varliagyviai masiškai žūva migruodami iš žiemojimo vietų į nerštavietes. Tiek 2005, tiek 2006 metais masinis rudųjų varlių žuvimas kelyje Vilnius–Dūkštos užregistruotas balandžio pirmąjį dešimtadienį. Daugiausia žinduolių ant kelio buvo suvažinėta šiltuoju metų laiku – rugpjūčio, gegužės ir rugsėjo mėnesiais. Kadangi gyvūnai ant kelių registruojami rytą, dauguma jų suvažinėjami tamsiu paros metu. Daugiausia žinduolių (27%) suvažinėta tose vietose, kur kelią supa krūmynai, 23% - gyvenvietėse ir miesteliuose, 20% – keliui einant pievomis ir 18% – pamiškėse. Kitų biotopų reikšmė gyvūnų žuvimui kelyje Vilnius–Dūkštos buvo nedidelė – miške užregistruota tik 9% žuvusių žinduolių. Ežiai ir varliagyviai suvažinėjami visame Vilnius–Dūkštos kelio ruože: varliagyviai – ties grioviais, upeliais, laukų pelkutėmis ir ten, kur kelią supa šlapi krūmynai, ežiai – kai kelias eina pievomis ir krūmuotomis vietomis. Ištirtoje kelio atkarpoje trūksta apie susidūrimą su gyvūnais perspėjančių kelio ženklų, pavojingose vietose nėra ribojamas greitis. Šios priemonės leistų sumažinti gyvūnų žuvimą. / Animal roadkills on the road were partly conditioned by overspeeding and insufficient number of the road signs. Our results show, that animal roadkills are quite big compared to the short road segment. In the foreign countries problems of the animal roadkills receive more attention, as except damage done to the nature, there are problems of safety, material losses and possible charges to a road service if warning road signs were absent. Object of this investigation were animals, killed on the road Vilnius–Dūkštos (segment length – 26 km). Aim this work was to evaluate species composition of the killed animals, seasonality and influence of the surrounding habitats. Investigation was done while driving this segment twice per day and registering animals killed. Rules of the road were obeyed – no stops under sign or interrupting other vehicles, thus, not all of the killed animals were collected or pictures taken. Places of the roadkills were mapped. In the period of 2004.11.01–2006.05.01number of killed animals was 378; out of these 44 mammals, 1 bird (young Tawny Owl) and 333 amphibians (common/moor frogs). Biggest number of mammal roadkills was done in the dark period of the day and in August–September, while that of amphibians – in April. No kills were registered in January and February. Species composition of mammals: 21 hedgehogs, 4 stone martens, 2 yellow-necked mice, 2 brown rats, 1 fox, 1 brown hare, 8 cats and 4 dogs. According our results and literature analysis... [to full text]
4

Příprava substrátu pro pěstování korálovce ježatého (Hericium erinaceus) za použití různých přídavků a teplotních ošetření / Substrate processing for cultivation of Hericium erinaceus with different supplements and heat treatments

Sobotová, Radmila January 2016 (has links)
The aim of the thesis was to determine if the substrate treatment with temperature lower than 100°C could replace the sterilization at 120°C. Another task was to compare different types of substrates and supplements. For the substrate treatment were selected temperatures of 90°C for 48 hours, 90°C for 20 hours, 121°C for 2 hours, 80°C for 20 hours and 70°C for 24 hours. The treatment with temperature lower than 100°C could replace the sterilization at 120°C. In the experiments were used substrates compound of beech sawdust or straw pellets supplemented by wheat bran or wheat groats. The research was also focused to influence of substrate fermentation on growth characteristics of Hericium erinaceus. The most suitable substrate for mycelium growth and subsequent fructification of Hericium erinaceus were beech sawdust. Faster mycelial growth and higher yield of fruiting body were achieved in the case of supplemented substrate of sawdust beech by wheat bran or wheat groats. There were observed no effects of fermentation substrates on mycelium growth of Hericium erinaceus. Another part of the research was dedicated to mycelium growth and fructification of Hericium coralloides. The best substrate for Hericium coralloides is beech sawdust without supplements.
5

Zavedení metod RAD sekvenování do výzkumu genetické struktury ježků rodu Erinaceus / Implemenation of the RAD sequencing methods to the population genetic studies of hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus

Loudová, Miroslava January 2015 (has links)
Hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus are an important model organism for studying the postglacial recolonisation of Europe and the processes that take place in the secondary contact zones of their areas of distribution. In this study, five individuals of white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus), four individuals of western hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and one estimated hybrid were analysed. Geographical distribution of individuals used in the study covers the region of the Central Europe, however in the further research expansion of analsysed individuals will be needed and the whole Palearct should be sampled. The main goal was to implement novel methods in research of hedgehogs, which will enable to map the population-genomic structure of the genus Erinaceus in western Palearct. The method RADSeq (Restriction site associated DNA sequencing) enables to obtain polymorphic markers, e.g., SNPs which we used (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) across the genome. In this work it was analyzed 16382 SNPs. Using the binary data which indicates the presence and absence of SNPs for each species, hypotheses raised under classical analyzes of genetic markers from previous studies have not been fully confirmed. In further research it will be necessary to verify possible occurrence of biases connected with...
6

Études phytochimique et biologique des métabolites secondaires de Pterocarpus erinaceus poir (fabaceae) / Phytochemical and biological studies of secondary metabolites of pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (fabaceae)

Ouedraogo, Noufou 14 June 2012 (has links)
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) est une plante médicinale utilisée dans la prise en charge de nombreuses pathologies dont les maladies à composante inflammatoire au Burkina Faso. Les feuilles, le tronc, et les racines sont utilisés comme remède dans le traitement des dermatoses, de l’inflammation, de l’ulcère, du rhumatisme, de la dysenterie, le paludisme, etc. L’objectif de ce travail était de mener des études phytochimiques et pharmacologiques sur des extraits de Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) afin d’évaluer l’innocuité et l’efficacité de cette plante en vue d’obtenir des pré-requis pour le développement d’un phytomédicament. L’étude phytochimique a été réalisée en utilisant des méthodes chromatographiques (CCM, SPE, CC, VLC, MPLC, CLHP) et spectroscopiques (RMN 1D et 2D). Cette étude a permis d’isoler 18 molécules dont 14 identifiées à savoir la friedeline (2 fois), le lupeol, l’épicatechine, la rutine, la lutéoline, la quercétine-3-O-sophoroside, le kaempferol-3-Osophoroside, la quercétine-3-O-β-glucose, le stigmastérol, la friedeline, le 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-one, l’α-sophoradiol et le maltol 6-O-apiofuranoside-glucopyranoside. L’étude sur la toxicité aiguë a montré que les décoctés des feuilles (DECFEU), d’écorces de tronc (DECEC), d’écorces de racines (DECRA) et les extraits méthanoliques des feuilles (MeOH K), d’écorces du tronc (MeOH B) sont considérés comme des substances faiblement toxiques selon l’échelle de toxicité de Hodge et Sterner et de l’OMS. Les effets antiinflammatoires, analgésiques et antipyrétiques des extraits issus des écorces de tronc, des feuilles et des racines ont été validés sur des modèles animaux. Les résultats obtenus dans les tests in vitro (antioxydant, tests sur l’inhibition de la production de TNF α et de nitrite cellulaires, de la peroxydation lipidique et de la lipoxygénase) montrent que les extraits manifestent des effets intéressants; plus particulièrement l’extrait méthanolique des écorces du tronc (MeOH B) qui a le meilleur pouvoir antioxydant (ARP = 5 ; TEAC = 0,9) et la forte inhibition sur la peroxydation lipidique (37,25 %) et sur la lipoxygénase (97,69 %). Par contre l’extrait méthanolique des feuilles (MeOH K) a présenté la forte inhibition à la concentration de 50 μg/mL sur la production de TNF α (37,35 % et 30 %) et de NO (95 % et 50%) dans la culture de macrophages activés par LPS et LPS/IFN γ / Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of several diseases including diseases inflammatory component in Burkina Faso. The leaves, stem and roots are used as a drug in the treatment of skin diseases, inflammation, ulcer, rheumatism, dysentery, malaria. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical and pharmacological studies on extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this plant to obtain the data for the development of a drug. Phytochemical study has been performed using chromatographic methods (TLC, SPE, CC, VLC, MPLC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR). This study has been leading to isolated 18 molecules including 14 identified namely friedelin, lupeol, epicatechin, rutin, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-sophorosid, kaempferol-3-O-sophorosid, quercetin-3-O-β-glucose, stigmasterol, 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-on, α-sophoradiol, maltol-6-O-apiofuranosideglucopyranoside. The test on acute toxicity showed that the decoction of the leaves (DECFEU), stem (DECEC), roots (DECRA) and methanol extracts of leaves (MeOH K), stem bark (MeOH B) are considered slightly toxic substances according to the toxicity scale of Hodge and Sterner and WHO. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic extracts from the stem bark, leaves and roots have been validated en animal models. The results obtained in vitro test (antioxidant test, tests on the inhibition of the production of cellular TNF α and nitrite, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygénase) showed that the extracts exhibited effects, especially the methanol extract stem bark (MeOH B) which has the best antioxidant power (ARP = 5; TEAC = 9) and the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation (37.25 %) and lipoxygénase (97.69 %). However the methanol extract of leaves (MeOH K) presented strong inhibition at a concentration of 50 μg/mL on the production of TNF α (37.35 % and 30 %) and NO (95 % and 50 %) in the macrophages cultures active by LPS and LPS/INF-γ
7

Evolution of MHC Genes and MHC Gene Expression

Berggren Bremdal, Karin January 2010 (has links)
Polymorphism in coding regions and regions controlling gene expression is the major determinant of adaptive differences in natural populations. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) possess a high level of genetic variation, which is maintained by selection over long coalescence times. MHC genes encode antigen-presenting molecules in the adaptive immune system, which protects the host from infectious diseases. However, MHC molecules may also present self-peptides and for most autoimmune diseases there is a genetic factor associated with the MHC. MHC genes have been used to learn about the interplay of selection and historical population events. In domestic dogs and their progenitor, the wolf, I explored factors associated with domestication and breed formation and their influence not only on MHC coding regions but also on the haplotypic structure of the class II region. Polymorphism and strong selection was demonstrated in the proximal promoters of MHC genes in dogs and wolves. Hence, genetic variation associated with MHC gene expression may have at least equal importance for a well functioning immune system. Associations between promoter sequences and particular coding alleles suggested allele-specific expression patterns. SNP haplotypes of the MHC class II region revealed ancestral as well as convergent haplotypes, in which combinations of alleles are kept by selection. Interestingly, weaker allelic associations were found between different genes and between coding regions and promoters in dogs compared to wolves. Potentially, this could cause insufficient defense against infections and predispose dogs to autoimmune diseases. For example, I identified a site in the promoter region that showed a consistent difference between haplotypes conferring susceptibility and protection to diabetes in dogs, which should be investigated further. Furthermore, I investigated how selection and demographic changes associated with glacial and inter-glacial periods have affected MHC variation in European hedgehogs and extended the prevailing knowledge concerning their population history.
8

Influence de la structure anatomique et des métabolites secondaires sur les propriétés physiques et la qualité acoustique du bois de vène (PTEROCARPUS ERINACEUS POIR) provenant du Mali

Traoré, Bakary 16 April 2018 (has links)
Le vène est l’une des espèces des domaines climatiques soudanien et guinéen du Mali revêtant d’une importante contribution socio-économique. Le présent travail a consisté à déterminer la qualité du bois de vène tant au niveau intra-arbre qu’au niveau de l’origine géographique de provenance ainsi que l’influence des facteurs de variation de qualité liés à l’anatomie et aux métabolites extractibles. Dans cette optique, une quantification des extraits, une analyse qualitative et quantitative des caractères anatomiques et une analyse des cernes a été réalisée. En plus, une évaluation des caractéristiques physico-mécaniques en occurrence, l’infradensité (ID), le retrait, le comportement hygroscopique en fonction de la nature des extraits, le module dynamique d’élasticité (EL) et les propriétés acoustiques pour la facture d’instrument xylophone (le module spécifique, EL /ρ et le coefficient d’amortissement, tanδ) a été effectuée. Les résultats obtenus ont montrés, qu’en dépit d’un retrait très peu variable, l’ID, le EL et la qualité acoustique du bois de vène sont supérieurs en zone guinéenne (ZG) qu’en zone soudanienne (ZS). Mais dans l’arbre, ils sont supérieurs dans le duramen médian (DM) et externe (DE) que dans le duramen interne (DI). Il ressort aussi que ces caractéristiques évoluent positivement avec le taux des extraits, la longueur et la proportion des fibres mais diminue significativement avec le nombre de vaisseaux par mm2 et la proportion des vaisseaux. Les dimensions et la proportion des principaux caractères anatomiques diffèrent significativement d’une région à l’autre mais dans l’arbre elles varient de la moelle vers le DM au delà duquel ils restent stable jusqu’au DE. L’accroissement moyen est de 2,8 mm/an en ZS contre 4,9 mm/an en ZG. Le taux d’extraits, plus important en ZG qu’en ZS, augmente significativement de la moelle vers la zone de transition puis diminue fortement dans l’aubier. L’effet des extraits sur le comportement hygroscopique du bois s’est principalement illustré par une réduction considérable des valeurs du retrait et du point de saturation de la fibre, due non pas seulement à la teneur en extraits, mais aussi à leur nature chimique. Les extraits solubles dans l’acétone et dans l’éthanol-toluène suivie de l’eau chaude ont eu le plus d’effet sur l’hygroscopicité du bois de vène que ceux solubles dans l’eau chaude et dans l’hexane. Cependant, le retrait du duramen après extraction totale s’est révélé similaire à celui de l’aubier. A l’exception de ceux qui sont solubles dans l’acétone, les extraits semblent avoir peu d’effet sur l’anisotropie du retrait. / Ce mémoire de thèse est le résultat de plus de 3 ans de travaux de recherche effectués d’une part, en alternance entre le Mali et la France et d’autre part, en cotutelle entre l’Université Laval et l’ENGREF de Nancy. Les travaux de recherche ont essentiellement été effectués au sein du Laboratoire d'Etude des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB/INRA) de l’ENGREF de Nancy et du Centre de Recherche sur le Bois (CRB) de l’Université Laval. C’est donc le lieu pour moi d’exprimer mes plus sincères remerciements au Pr. Patrick PERRE et au Pr. Tatjana STEVANOVIC pour m’avoir accueilli respectivement au sein de ces laboratoires, d’avoir accepté de diriger mes travaux et de m’avoir accordé un soutien financier de taille à travers leurs fonds de recherche. Je tiens à exprimer mes très vifs remerciements à l’adresse de tous ceux qui ont de loin ou de près rendu non seulement le travail possible mais aussi sa réalisation agréable tant à l’Université Laval qu’à l’ENGREF de Nancy. Je voudrais ici en particulier remercier le Pr. René KELLER qui malgré qu’il soit en retraite s’est toujours montré disponible pour mes questions en matière d’anatomie du bois et Loïc BRANCHERIAU, chercheur au CIRAD de Montpellier, pour sa contribution dans l’analyse de la qualité acoustique du bois de vène. Je remercie les techniciens du LERFoB/INRA et du CRB en l’occurrence Mr. Patrice MARCHAL pour la préparation du matériel d’essai et la réalisation des tests de sorption au LERMaB et de Mr. Luc GERMAIN et Mr. Yves BÉDARD respectivement pour la préparation du matériel d’essai et la détermination du taux des cendres à l’Université Laval. Je tiens aussi à remercier Papa Niokor DIOUF pour sa contribution dans la réalisation des essais d’analyse chimique et Carole ASSOR pour ses conseils et sa contribution dans la mise en place définitive du sujet. J’adresse aussi mes sincères remerciements aux autorités française et en particulier au Service de Coopération et d’Action Culturelle de l’Ambassade de France à Bamako (SCAC) qui, à travers son projet d’appui à l’Enseignement Supérieur du Mali, m’a accordé un soutien financier sous forme de bourse d’alternance de 15 mois. Je remercie aussi les autorités maliennes et en particulier le directeur général de l’IPR/IFRA de Katibougou, Pr. Fafré SAMAKE, pour les encouragements, les conseils et le soutien financier dans le prélèvement du matériel expérimental et pour avoir accepté ma demande de mise en congé de formation.
9

Feeding behaviour on the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) in a New Zealand pasture

Campbell, Patricia Ann January 1973 (has links)
The feeding behaviour of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) has been investigated in a pastoral environment. Sampling methods that caused the minimum interference to the natural population were used. The relative importance of the various prey species in the diet were analysed by occurrence, relative volume and direct counting techniques. Problems often associated with the use of direct counting were successfully overcome. It was established that the main animal food items in the hedgehog diet were earwigs, lepidopteran larvae, beetles, harvestmen, dung flies, slugs, and earthworms. Small quantities of a large number of other species were also consumed. Several variations in the diet were found to be related to changes in the availability of food species. Although hedgehogs are capable of consuming large numbers of grass grub beetles (Costelytra zealandica) during the flight season it is concluded that they are unlikely to provide any effective measure of biological control of this pasture pest. Hedeghog diet was not influenced significantly by the sex of the animal, or by pasture irrigation. It was demonstrated that the feeding rhythm of captive animals, fed under laboratory conditions, was similar to that observed in the field. Observation showed that hedgehogs were active for an average of eight hours per night, with a period of maximum activity between 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. Animals tended to follow relatively fixed routes on successive nights. Excluding nestlings, the population density in an irrigated clover-ryegrass pasture was found to vary from four (winter) to eight (summer) animals per hectare. The average minimum feeding range of these animals was 2.4 hectares, although their feeding ranges overlapped considerably.
10

Vnitřní struktura balkánského refugia na modelu Erinaceus roumanicus / Internal structure of the Balkan refugium using Erinaceus roumanicus as a model organism

Eliášová, Kristýna January 2014 (has links)
The aim of this work was to describe the spatial distribution of genetic variability of the northern white-breasted hedgehog (E. roumanicus), mainly within the Balkan Peninsula and Central Europe, as these areas are crucial for understanding the effects of Pleistocene climate oscillations on the genetic architecture of the species. Based on this spatial distribution, hypotheses about the possible structuring of the Balkan refugia were formulated. A total of 260 individuals and 9 microsatellite loci were used for the analysis. Using the approach of landscape and population genetics several possible isolated subpopulations within the area surveyed were identified. Unique status was proved for a population originating from Crete, probably influenced by mechanisms of island evolution. Differences from the rest of the range were ascertained also in population from the Czech Republic, located in a secondary contact zone with the E. europeaus. The role of interspecific interactions and possible introgression should be considered in this case. In the area of Romania and the area south of the Balkan Peninsula the highest genetic distances between individuals were identified, probably associated with the occurrence of geographical barriers and the possible presence of glacial subrefugia. Other identified...

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