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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Pharmacologicals effects of the esculin in animal models of gastric injury and possible machanisms involved. / Efeitos farmacolÃgicos da Esculina em modelos animais de lesÃo gÃstrica e possÃveis mecanismos envolvidos.

Emiliano Ricardo Vasconcelos Rios 26 November 2009 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Ulcer can be defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the stomach and duodenum, which appears as a lesion in the digestive tract, which extends through the mucosa muscle or more deeply. The ulcer usually occurs because of an imbalance between protective and agrssive factors of the mucosa. Esculin (ESC) (6.7-Dihydroxycoumarin-6-O-Glucoside) was evaluated in models ethanol or indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in mice. Esculin (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol (0.2 mL/animal) at 69.96, 72.94 and 79.33% respectively, showing no relationship dose-response at the doses studied. This gastroprotection was also evaluated microscopically showing that the ESC (25 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the cell loss in the mucosa, submucosal edema and hemorrhage. Esculin (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduced significantly the gastric lesions induced by indomethacin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). Gastroprotective mechanism of ESC was examined in the dose of 25 mg/kg, in the model of gastric lesions induced by ethanol in mice. In animals pretreated with L-NAME (10 mg/kg, sc), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, or with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a drug that blocks ATP-dependent potassium channels, or indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, the gastroprotective effect of ESC was inhibited significantly, suggesting the involvement, at least in part, of nitric oxide, activation of potassium channels and endogenous prostaglandins in gastroprotective effect of ESC. Otherwise, the gastroprotective effect of ESC (25 mg/kg, p.o.) was not reversed in animals pretreated with capsazepine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), an antagonist of vanilloid receptor TRPV-1, demonstrating that there is activation of these receptors in the mechanism of action of ESC. This work was also evaluated the antioxidant mechanism of ESC as gastroprotective agent, against ethanol-induced lesions. Under our experimental conditions, the model of induction of ethanol injury caused changes in the antioxidant system of the gastric mucosa of mice as the decrease in the levels of sulfhydryl groups (GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), also showed increased activity catalase (CAT), the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the concentration of species that react with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) as index of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Esculin in the model of ethanol did not interfere with the concentration of GSH, but increased SOD activity, allowed the restoration of normal CAT activity, normal levels of LPO and MPO activity. The data suggest that the ESC promotes gastroprotection against gastric lesions induced by ethanol or indomethacin in mice whose mechanisms include the involvement of endogenous prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and or, of KATP channels, as well as an antioxidant activity. / A Ãlcera pÃptica pode ser definida como sendo uma doenÃa inflamatÃria crÃnica do estÃmago e duodeno, que se apresenta como uma lesÃo na mucosa do trato digestivo, que se estende atravÃs da musculatura da mucosa ou mais profundamente. A Ãlcera pÃptica geralmente ocorre devido a um desequilÃbrio entre os fatores de defesa e agressores da mucosa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade gastroprotetora da esculina, (6,7-diidroxicumarina-6-o-glicosÃdio), e identificar os mecanismos farmacolÃgicos envolvidos. A esculina foi avaliada em modelos de lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas por etanol absoluto (0,2 mL/animal) em camundongos swiss, nas doses 12,5, 25 e 50 mg/kg, v.o., os resultados mostraram a reduÃÃo das lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas por etanol em 69,96, 72,94 e 79,33 % respectivamente, nÃo mostrando relaÃÃo dose-resposta nas doses estudadas. Esta gastroproteÃÃo tambÃm foi avaliada microscopicamente mostrando que a ESC (25 mg/kg, v.o.) diminuiu a perda celular na mucosa, formaÃÃo de edema na submucosa e hemorragia. A ESC (25 e 50 mg/kg, v.o.), tambÃm, foi avaliada no modelo de lesÃo gÃstrica induzida por indometacina (20 mg/Kg, v.o.), mostrando uma reduÃÃo das lesÃes gÃstricas. O mecanismo gastroprotetor da ESC foi analisado na sua dose de 25 mg/Kg, em modelo de lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas por etanol em camundongos. Em animais prÃ-tratados com L-NAME (10 mg/Kg, s.c.), um inibidor da Ãxido nÃtrico sintase, ou com glibenclamida (5 mg/Kg, i.p.), droga bloqueadora de canais de potÃssio ATP-dependentes, ou indometacina (10 mg/Kg, v.o.), um inibidor nÃo seletivo da ciclooxigenase, o efeito gastroprotetor da ESC foi inibido significativamente, sugerindo o envolvimento, pelo menos em parte, do Ãxido nÃtrico, ativaÃÃo dos canais de potÃssio e prostaglandinas endÃgenas no efeito gastroprotetor da ESC. De outra forma, o efeito gastroprotetor da ESC (25 mg/Kg, v.o.) nÃo foi revertido em camundongos prÃ-tratados com capsazepina (5 mg/Kg, i.p.), um antagonista dos receptores vanilÃides TRPV-1, demonstrando assim que nÃo hà ativaÃÃo destes receptores no mecanismo de aÃÃo da ESC. Neste trabalho tambÃm foi avaliado a aÃÃo antioxidante da ESC como mecanismo gastroprotetor contra as lesÃes induzidas por etanol. Sob nossas condiÃÃes experimentais, o modelo de induÃÃo de lesÃo por etanol provocou alteraÃÃo no sistema antioxidante da mucosa gÃstrica dos camundongos, como a diminuiÃÃo nos nÃveis de grupamentos sulfidrila (GSH) e atividade da superÃxido dismutase (SOD), tambÃm observamos aumento da atividade da catalase (CAT), da atividade da mieloperoxidase (MPO) e da concentraÃÃo de espÃcies que reagem com o Ãcido tiobarbitÃrico (TBARs), como Ãndice de peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica (LPO). A ESC no modelo de etanol nÃo interferiu com a concentraÃÃo de GSH, mas aumentou a atividade da SOD, permitiu o restabelecimento da atividade normal da CAT e de patamares normais de LPO e de atividade da MPO. Os dados obtidos sugerem que a ESC promove gastroproteÃÃo contra as lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas por etanol ou indometacina em camundongos, por mecanismos que incluem o envolvimento de prostaglandinas endÃgenas, Ãxido nÃtrico, e ou, dos canais de KATP, alÃm de uma aÃÃo antioxidante.
2

Oligomérisation enzymatique de flavonoïdes et évaluation des activités biologiques des oligomères synthétisés / Enzymatic oligomerization of flavonoids and evaluation of the biological activities of synthesized oligomers

Ben Rhouma-Martin, Ghada 11 February 2013 (has links)
L'oligomérisation enzymatique de la rutine et esculine a donné lieu à cinq fractions d'oligomères de masse moléculaire moyenne entre 2127,42 et 8331,85 g/mol pour la rutine et 688,12 et 6973 g/mol pour l'esculine. L'analyse de ces fractions par FTIR montre que les fractions d'oligorutines sont obtenues à travers des liaisons C-C, C-O et C=O. Les fractions d'oligoesculines sont obtenues à travers des liaisons C-C. Une meilleure solubilité des oligorutines et des oligoesculines dans l'eau et une plus faible solubilité de ces oligomères dans l'éthanol comparé à leurs monomères a été mis en évidence. Une diminution de l'activité antiradicalaire vis-à-vis de DPPH., ABTS+. et OH. proportionnelle à la masse moléculaire moyenne des fractions d'oligorutines a été observé, contrairement aux fractions d'oligoesculines qui montrent un important pouvoir chélateur de ces mêmes radicaux comparé à leurs monomère. Une augmentation du pouvoir chélateur de fer, inhibiteur de la xanthine oxydase, réducteur du cuivre (CUPRAC), de l'activité antigénotoxique, ainsi que de l'activité stimulatrice de la prolifération des splénocytes, et des lymphocytes (B et T) proportionnelle au degré d'oligomérisation des oligomères étudiées a été noté. L'effet des fractions d'oligorutines et oligoesculines étudiées sur les macrophages en suivant la production de monoxyde d'azote (NO) montre un pouvoir anti-inflammatoire comparé à leurs monomères. L'étude de l'activité lysosomale induite par les fractions d'oligorutine révèle un pouvoir immunostimulateur proportionnelle à la masse moléculaire moyenne des oligorutines, et inversement proportionnelle à celle-ci pour les oligoesculines / Rutin and esculin have been polymerized by laccase. Five fractions with between 2127.42 and 8331.85 g/mol for oligorutins, and between 688.12 and 6973 g/mol for oligoesculins, were obtained. Fourier transformed infrared analysis showed that oligorutins were formed through C-C, C-O and C=O linkages, while oligoesculins were obtained through C-C linkages. Oligorutins and oligoesculins show a higher solubility in water and a lower solubility in ethanol compared to their monomers. The oligomerization of rutin decrease its antiradical capacity, while oligoesculin fractions demonstrated a high antiradical activity compared to monomeric esculin. Oligomer fractions showed a better iron chelating power, xanthine oxidase inhibition, copper reducing power (CUPRAC), antigenotoxic activity, and splenocytes stimulator activity compared to their monomers. Oligorutin and oligoesculin exhibited an important anti-inflammatory capacity through the nitric oxide inhibition. Moreover, oligorutin fractions demonstrated an immunostimulatory effect proportional to their degree of oligomerization, while oligoesculin fractions showed an immunostimulatory effect inversely proportional to their degree of oligomerization

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