Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

Look at the challenge of gender equity and global trends and its impact on Eskom / Women form 52 percent of the adult population in South Africa, the majority of the population, but their status in the workplace is marginalized. The Commission of Employment Equity 2003 report revealed that women represent only 37% of the total workforce and 21% of all senior management positions and only 14% of top management positions. The study firstly investigates if gender barriers are creating obstacles for the advancement of women to senior management positions. The evidence of the research indicates that barriers do exist and the most prominent of these barriers included organizational culture, men not supporting women in the organization, division of labour, lack of after care facilities and women not supporting each other. Organizations need to admit that barriers do exist before any meaningful change can be made to the working environment of women. Secondly the study investigates the impact of gender equity targets as some organizations are attempting to increase the number of women in their business. Although gender targets results in an increase of women in the workplace it has negatively impacted the morale of men. Lastly the effectiveness of some of the strategies like mentorship, training and development, networking, flexible work policies are examined. These strategies will only be effective if the organizations are committed in ensuring a balanced workforce. Organizations needs to realize that diversity should be seen as a great opportunity to be encouraged and nurtured. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / MBL

M. Tech. Business Administration / The objectives of this study was to investigate which top five critical success factors had contributed to the changes in performance of the IT projects in Eskom group IT's project delivery department, to examine and understand at which phases of the project life cycle these factors occur and to investigate which criteria are used to evaluate whether a project was a success or failure.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Science in Engineering, Johannesburg September 1998 / Combustion modelling of utility furnace chambers provides a cost efficient means to extrapolate the combustion behaviour of pulverised fuel (pf) as determined from drop tube furnace (DTF) experiments to full scale plant by making use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The combustion model will be used to assimilate essential information for the evaluation and prediction of the effect of • changing coal feedstocks • proposed operational changes • boiler modifications. TRI comrnlssloned a DTF in 1989 which has to date been primarily used for the comparative characterisation of coals in terms of combustion behaviour. An analysis of the DTF results allows the determination of certain combustion parameters used to define a mathematical model describing the rate at which the combustion reaction takes place. This model has been incorporated into a reactor model which can simulate the processes occurring in the furnace region of a boiler, thereby allowing the extrapolation of the DTF determined combustion assessment to the full scale. This provides information about combustion conditions in the boiler which in turn are used in the evaluation of the furnace performance. Extensive furnace testwork of one of Eskom's wall fired plant (Hendrina Unit 9) during 1996, intended to validate the model for the ar plications outlined above, included the measurement {If : • gas temperatures • O2, C02, CO, NOx and S02 concentrations • residence time distributions • combustible matter in combustion residues extracted from the furnace • furnace heat fluxes. The coal used during the tests was sampled and subjected to a series of chemical and other lab-scale analyses to determine the following: • physical properties • composition • devolatilisation properties " combustion properties The same furnace was modelled using the University of Stuttgart's AIOLOS combustion code, the results of Which are compared with the measured data. A DTF derived combustion assessment of a coal sampled from the same site but from a different part of the beneficiation plant, which was found to burn differently, was subsequently used in a further simulation to assess the sensitivity of the model to char combustion rate data. The results of these predictions are compared to the predictions of the validation simulation. It was found that the model produces results that compare well with the measured data. Furthermore. the model was found to be sufficiently sensitive to reactivity parameters of the coal. The model has thereby demonstrated that it can be used in the envisaged application of extrapolating DTF reactivity assessments to full scale plant. In using the model, it has become apparent that the evaluations of furnace modifications and assessments of boiler operation lie well within the capabilities of the model. / MT2017

Two coal utility plants in South Africa selected (one from Sasol and another from Eskom) for this study produce large volumes of fly ash (over 40 Mt from Eskom at Tutuka, and 3 Mt from Sasol Synfuels at Secunda annually), and brines as by-products during coal processing. Co-disposal of the brines and fly ashes has been a normal practice in these coal-utility plants for decades. Long-term management of fly ash is necessary and requires an understanding and knowledge of how the different waste materials interact with water and brines in different chemical situations. However the geochemistry of their interactions, the leaching and mobility of elements in these disposal systems has not been fully understood. This work gives insights into the chemical processes taking place in the brine-water/brines systems that govern the concentrations of major and minor elements in ash leachates under different environmental conditions. The possible presence of organic compounds (subsequently referred to as 'organics') in brines and their effects on the leaching chemistry of fly ash was also studied. Sustainability and long term impact of the co-disposal of fly ash and brines on the environment was studied through static (batch tests) modeling of the pH-dependent acid neutralization capacity (ANC) tests and columns modeling for dynamic leach tests. The modeling was based on experimental results from other Sasol-Eskom ashbrine project collaborators. Modeling results of the ANC tests were in good agreement with the reported experimental results, which revealed that the release trends of various elements (including trace, heavy elements and contaminants) contained in fly ash into solution is highly pH dependent. However Na, K, Mo and Li exhibited constant solubilisation which was independent of pH changes from all the scenarios. The presence of different constituents of brines subjected to ANC resulted to different ANC capacities ranging from 0.98 moles H⁺/Kg dry ash (of ash-organics mixed with Mg-brines) to 3.87 H⁺/Kg dry ash for those with the C(4) brines. As expected, those constituents from the cationic brines were found on the lower region of acid addition (in the order Mg-brines < Ca-brines < Na-brines) while the anionic brines were found at the upper region of acid addition (in the order S(6)-brines < Cl-brines < C(4)-brines). In the middle region of acid addition were three important scenarios: that of ash with brine, ash without brines (i.e. ash with DMW) and ash with both ASW organics and combined brines. It was from these three scenarios that a generalization of the effect of brines and organics on the ANC was inferred. The ANC of ash with demineralised water (DMW) was 2.33 mol H⁺/Kg dry ash and that of ash with ASW organics lower at 2.12 mol H⁺/Kg dry ash which was the same value as that of ash with combined brines. This indicated that brines decreased the ANC of ash by about 9.01 % and which could be attributed to the acid-base neutralization process and the dynamics of solid phase dissolutions in response to the acid addition. Both fly ashes exhibited a typical pH > 12 (suspension in demineralised water) and the predominant cation even at this high pH is Ca²⁺ (at concentration > 0.002 mmol/L). This indicates that dissolution of CaO and formation of OH⁻ species at pH > 10 contributes to acid neutralisation capacity of both fly ashes and is the greatest contributor to the acid neutralizing capacity of both fly ashes. Two broad leaching behaviours as a function of pH were observed from the three fly ash-ASW organics-brines scenarios (i) leaching of Ca, Mg, Ni and Sr follows a cationic pattern where the concentration decreases monotonically as pH increases; (ii) leaching of Al, Fe, Ti and Zn follow an amphoteric pattern where the concentration increases at acidic and alkaline pH, although Al showed some anomaly from pH 11 where the concentration decreased with the increase in pH. Al showed an amphoteric pattern in which its release increased between pH 12.8 and 11 for all the scenarios and then decreased with decrease in pH down to neutral pH of 7. The batch leaching simulation results from hydrogeochemical modeling also showed that mineral dissolution, precipitation and new phase formation during ash-organics-brines interactions was controlled by pH. The newly formed phases however remain in equilibrium with the ash-brines-organics mixture. Each individual mineral phase dissolution/precipitation/formation system controls the concentration and speciation of the respective constituent elements as evidenced by the log C-pH diagrams obtained from the modeled scenarios. The ash-brines-organics interactions do exhibit and affect the mineralogical chemistry of fly ash. However the extent to which these interactions occur and their effect, varies from one scenario to another, and are dependent on the amounts and type of the constituent brine components. Organics do have a significant effect on dissolution characteristics of few minerals such as calcite, mullite, kaolinite, Ni₂SiO₄, and SrSiO₃ due to complexation effect. The effect is quantitatively conspicuous for calcite mineral phase and for the formation of some new phases such as Fe(OH)₃(am)-CF and portlandite. The composition of the liquid phase from acid neutralisation capacity experiments was successful.Hydrogeochemical modeling was used as a means to provide insights and understanding of the complex reactions taking place, speciation and mineralogical changes occurring. These changes would serve to predict future environmental scenarios when pH conditions change. In this study, an extension of the application field of PHREEQC hydrogeochemical code for modeling and simulation of equilibrium; kinetic and transport mechanisms associated with the interaction of water; and organics and brines with fly ash during their co-disposal is successfully demonstrated. The parameters associated with these mechanisms were used as inputs into the PHREEQC program using modified Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) database for inorganic brines and MINTEQ.V4 database for organics, and used to model the results of ANC test data for the fly ashes. A special reference is made to two separate modeled mineralogical ash recipes from two of the South African power utility plants' fly ash systems, namely, Tutuka and Secunda. The effects of brines in the leaching of major, minor and trace elements at various pH values and the mineralogical changes associated with the intermediate and final products from the interactions of ash-brines systems under different scenarios are qualitatively and quantatively discussed. Multiphase saturation characteristics have been determined for mineral species in contact with water and brines. The modeling results indicated that several mineral phases could be controlling the species concentration in the leachates, and the ANC and column modeling results corroborated well in many aspects with the experimental results obtained from collaborating institutions (South Africa Universities and Research institutions). In addition, application of the PHREEQC model to the ash heap under different disposal systems was carried out to predict the heap leachate composition and geochemical transformations taking place in a period of time. Pore water chemical analysis, and moisture content analysis revealed that contact of the ash with water is a crucial factor in the mobilization of the contaminants with time. Maximum weathering/dissolution of the ash is observed in the top layer (1-3) m and at the point of contact with the subsurface water level which was in good agreement with the model results. The surface layer and the very lowest layers of the dump in contact with lateral flows experience the highest degree of weathering leading to depletion of species. The geophysical transformation of fly ash was also captured through the porosity change calculations and the results revealed that geochemical reactions do affect the porosity of fly ash during the weathering processes. These modelling results were in agreement with the hydraulic tests and salt leaching tests conducted during Sasol-Eskom ashbrine project in Phase I which suggested that salts captured in the ash will become mobile and leach from the fly ash over time. The data therefore indicates that ash dumps may not act as sustainable salt sinks. These findings may have some bearing on engineering decisions on fly ash reuse. From the above observations, it is apparent that release of large quantities of the salts in the ash depends on the extent of its interaction with brines being used for irrigation or with water, either through plug-in flow after a rainfall event or contact with groundwater. The results revealed effects of brine-water contact time with fly ash, the flow volume and velocity, the pH, the degree of saturation, hydrogeology and ash heap geometry as important factors that affect fly ash transformation and weathering. Overall, the ash heap modeling enhanced the understanding of the ash-brines interactions and demonstrated that leachate composition is determined by the following factors; (i) the mass flows from the pores of fly ash, (ii) the surface dissolution of the mineral phases, (iii) the various chemical reactions involved during the ash-brine and ash-water interactions, (iv) the interactions with a gas phase (atmospheric CO₂), (v) the composition of the initial fly ash, and (vi) by the leachate flow and hydrodynamics as captured in the conceptual model. Any ash handling system should therefore be designed to take these criteria into consideration to prevent environmental contamination. The modeling results also gave indications that the ash-brine co-disposal in dry ash systems would be an unsustainable way of locking up brine salts in the long run. In this Thesis, modeling results were used to support experimental data which further reaffirmed the important role hydrogeochemical modeling plays in liquid and solid waste management. Furthermore, hydrogeochemical modeling complements the work of analytical/environmental scientists as well as guiding the future solid waste management and engineering decisions. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2012.

The end of the last century saw a meteoric rise in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and its implementation worldwide subsequent to it being legislated by the United States in 1970. The South African Government's Council for the Environment attempted to emulate international developments in EIA and compiled the Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) guidelines of 1989 which delineated the procedure for undertaking EIAs for development projects in South Africa. It was envisaged that these guidelines would ultimately be made law. The period between 1989 and 1997 was a window period when the IEM guidelines were implemented voluntarily. This period therefore constitutes an important era in the history of EIA in South Africa to which constant reference is made and upon which further development in EIA in South Africa has been reliant. The period 1989 to 1997 also coincided with a major increase in the bulk electricity supply to KwaZulu-Natal by Eskom, the national electricity utility. Eskom had actively tracked the evolution of Environmental Management globally and was considered to be at the forefront of Industrial Environmental Management in South Africa and there was therefore an expectation that Eskom would implement the IEM guidelines. In this study twelve EIAs for Eskom powerlines and substations constructed in KZN for the period were analysed and trends in the implementation of the IEM guidelines extrapolated. This study highlights the extent to which the IEM guidelines were implemented. It discusses the problems attendant to its implementation, which were found to be common to the implementation of EIA globally. From this research it became clear that factors external to the IEM guidelines needed to be resolved before the IEM guidelines could be implemented. The administrative requirement was one of the most important and necessary requirements for successful implementation, but this had not been thoroughly anticipated by Eskom nor the guidelines themselves. This required that there was major reform to policy and company procedure, which had to be clearly understood and accepted, before IEM could be effectively implemented. As a consequence, the implementation of the various steps of the IEM guidelines seldom revealed consistent and satisfactory implementation. Even where the IEM guidelines were more closely followed and implemented, previously entrenched technocentrist procedures and ideals persisted and therefore IEM was subverted and implemented with the wrong goal in mind. There was also an expectation that there would be an improvement in EIA practice with time. It was found that there was a greater association between the quality of the EIA conducted and the Eskom Environmental Officer responsible for it, rather than a consistent improvement with time. Thus integration into the project process of environmental procedure is a complex process and it requires firstly that a company is reformed. Reform has subsequently begun to transpire in Eskom. This reform includes education of company employees, which in turn is linked to political will which is necessary to effect the changes required to apply a procedure such as the IEM guidelines. This study reviews the implementation of the IEM guidelines in Eskom during this important development phase. It therefore reflects on a key portion of the history of EIA implementation in this country. The study provides insight into organisational reform and the voluntary commitments required for successful implementation of EIA. Benefit can be drawn from this study for future implementation of EIA even though EIA legislation now exists, as some form of voluntariness, political will and organisational reform is always imperative for ETA's successful and effective implementation. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

The South African Government has set a target of universal access to basic electricity by the year 2012. Free basic electricity is defined as the amount of electricity sufficient to provide basic lighting, media access, water heating and ironing with on-grid electricity; or basic lighting and media access for a non-grid system. Eskom Distribution, in conjunction with local municipalities, is responsible for the outstanding electrification predominantly in rural areas. In KwaZulu-Natal, mountainous terrain and scattered settlement patterns of communities complicate the achievement of this goal. This study was aimed at using GIS to address the urgent need to plan electrification, firstly by identifying areas that need electrification and secondly by prioritising those areas according to set principles. Electrification areas were effectively identified and prioritised from both a need and capability of supply aspect. The study then aimed at designing the shortest networks from the grid to those identified electrification areas. To determine electrification areas spatially, electoral areas (EAs) demarcated as rural during the run up to the 1994 elections were used to identify rural areas; and Ethekwini Metropolitan Municipality, current electrification projects, reserves and a buffer zone around existing transformers excluded. Household point data was used to polygonize the remaining area, and those polygons were aggregated on their calculated area to create future rural electrification areas (FREA). A points and weighting system; based on one initially used in Namibia and further developed in an electrification planning model by RAPS Consulting, CSIR and DME to prioritise villages for electrification; was applied to calculate point scores for each FREA and other criteria such as distance from a network with capacity considered to determine a prioritised list of FREA that can be electrified immediately. Roads, land cover, household positions and slope were used to design the shortest path from the grid to the three highest scoring FREA. Each layer was reclassified, ratings applied and the layers combined to successfully determine the final path in terms of the criteria used. Interest in using GIS for spatial planning has led to a GIS Initiative Group (GISIG) being formed at Eskom Distribution in Eastern Region to address data collection, co-ordination of planning, tools written previously but never implemented being re-evaluated and, more recently, new tools being designed. However, much is still needed in terms of research, resolving of data quality issues, testing of points and weighting systems, and for functionally independent sections to work together on making changes to age-old system structures and processes before any of the recommendations resulting from this study can be effectively implemented. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

Thesis (MTech (Quality))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / This research project in Procurement Quality Engineering was conducted at a Nuclear Power Generation Company in the Western Cape, South Africa. During the past decade, quality management has become increasingly recognised as highly desirable for all organisations at all levels. All organisations, to varied degrees, can benefit from the application of quality management skills in some parts of their daily operations. The research project will investigate the impact or effect of late deliveries of spares on the operational cost of the organisation. The organisation is not aware what impact the delivery of spares has on operating costs. Against the above background, the problem to be researched within the ambit of this dissertation reads as follows: "Poor product and / or service delivery from Vendors and / or Suppliers have an adverse impact on the output of the Procurement Quality Department" .The primary research objectives of this study are the following: ~ To emphasise the importance of quality within the supply chain. ~ To investigate the impact of non-conforming items delivered to a Nuclear Power Plant. ~ To determine measures which can be put in place to improve communication between suppliers, vendors, buyers and procurement quality engineering. ~ To determine or investigate the cost of poor quality in the organisation. ~ To improve the quality of goods and services through the application of a quality management system within the supply chain. The research method used in this research project involved both qualitative and quantitative research processes. Questionnaires and statistical techniques were used to analyse the data, and to draw conclusions and recommend possible areas for improvement. The research methodology falls within the ambit of a case study.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report discusses the development of a decision-making matrix during power crises. South Africa comes from a situation of excess supply and is currently in a situation where electricity demand exceeds supply. This report will provide the background of how the current electricity crisis came to be and what the future of the industry will look like. As electricity shortages is a worldwide issue, the study will explore international countries' experience of supply shortages and extract lessons learnt and best practices that can be applied in the South African context. The study reviews available solutions that exist to address the electricity crisis in South Africa and explores alternative energy sources that could be applied in South Africa. To establish an effective decision making tool for electricity shortage response mechanisms, the key decision making criteria are discussed and explained. A decision making matrix brings together all the available solutions and decision-making criteria based on the decision maker's relative importance placed on the considerations and the resultant impact on these considerations. The results of the decision-making matrix directs the decision maker to the least negative impact solution and provides a basis on which to make sound decisions during a time when quick and effective decisions will determine the success and sustainability of the power system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag bespreek die ontwikkeling van 'n besluitnemingsmodel wat aangewend kan word tydens kritiese tekorte in elekrisiteitsvoorsiening op 'n nasionale basis. Die elektrisiteits- ontwikkelingsvermoë in Suid-Afrika het beweeg vanaf 'n oorskot na 'n posisie waar daar nie in die aanvraag voorsien kan word nie. Hierdie navorsingsverslag skets die agtergrond van wat aanleiding gegee het tot die huidige elektrisiteitskrisis en wat die toekoms inhou vir elektrisiteitsvoorsiening in die algemeen. Die gebrek aan elektrisiteitsontwikkelingsvermoë is 'n wêreldwye tendens en die lesse wat ander lande geleer het tesame met hul beste praktyke word oorweeg binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Beskikbare oplossings wat op die manier geidentifiseer word, word ontleed, tesame met moontlike alternatiewe energiebronne wat in Suid-Afrika aangewend kan word. Die kern besluitnemingskriteria word bespreek en ontleed om sodoende 'n proses daar te stel waarvolgens die besluitnemingsmodel wat die mees effektiewe oplossing in tye van kritiese elektirsiteitstekorte sal voortbring te ontwikkel. Al die beskikbare en werkbare opsies tydens die periode van elektristeitstekorte word saamgevoeg binne die besluitnemingsmodel om die toepaslikheid daarvan op te weeg teenoor die relatiewe gewig wat die besluitnemer toeken aan al die onderliggende faktore. Die besluitnemingsmodel ondersteun die besluitnemer om, tydens 'n krisis in elektrisiteitsvoersiening, 'n vinnige en doeltreffende besluit te neem wat die minste negatiewe impak het op ekonomiese aktiwiteite en die sukses en stabiliteit van die elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsnetwerk waarborg.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When the African National Congress (ANC) took control of govemment in 1994, it was forced to find an economic strategy that would strike a balance between an improved level of service and maximum economic growth. The privatisation process, which had already been initiated by the previous apartheid government, was continued in order to depoliticise utilities that were contentious in terms of their allocation of scarce resources or competing resources. Privatisation is an economic transformation strategy used worldwide to provide solutions to countries' economic problems. However, within the South African context, it focuses mainly on the restructuring of state-owned assets, with the following objectives: • To reduce the state debt and to stimulate economic growth and development through the sale of state-owned assets • To re-orient and enhance the public sector's ability to meet challenges identified by the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) • To restructure the state-owned enterprises to be more efficient in their operations, while at the same time maximising their contribution to the country's economic growth. The objective of this study is to explore issues that surround privatisation - which governments should understand when planning and implementing privatisation - by studying the process of privatisation adopted in the case of the state-owned electricity monopoly, ESKOM. In a quest for detailed information, this study includes: • An analysis of the economic strategies adopted by the government • The political background to the establishment of these strategies • An analysis of ESKOM and its strategy for privatisation The following problem areas in the privatisation and restructuring of state assets have been identified in the South African economy and need more attention when embarking on privatisation of state-owned enterprises: • Effects of privatisation on the delivery of services to the poor • Conflicts in ideology between the trade unions, particularly the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) • Lessons experienced with other parastatals that have been privatised. This study has identified concerns and challenges that surround the privatisation of ESKOM, and also privatisation as a whole in South Africa. It shows that the government falls short of achieving its pre-determined objectives in the economic transformation of the country as laid down in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) macroeconomic strategy. This alone indicates a need to revisit these strategies and align them with the economic realities facing the South African population. Differences in ideology and views between labour and the government indicate a need for an open consultative process and a clear policy that guides the restructuring of state assets so that the poor are not affected by the adverse effects of privatisation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toe die African National Congress (ANC) in 1994 beheer oorgeneem het van die regering, was dié organisasie gedwing om 'n ekonomiese strategie te vind wat 'n balans sou handhaaf tussen 'n verbeterde diensvlak en maksimum ekonomiese groei. Die proses van privatisering, wat deur die vorige apartheid-regering geïnisieer is, was voortgesit met die doel om fasiliteite wat omstrede was in terme van die toedeling van skaars bronne of kompeterende bronne, te depolitiseer. Privatisering is 'n ekonomiese transformasie-strategie wat wêreldwyd gebruik word om oplossings vir lande se ekonomiese probleme te verskaf. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks fokus dit egter op die rekonstruksie van staatsbates, met die volgende doelstellings: • Om staatskuld te verminder en om ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling te stimuleer deur die verkope van bates wat in besit van die staat is. • Om die openbare sektor se vermoë opnuut in te stel en te bevorder om sodoende die uitdagings wat deur die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP) geïdentifiseer is, aan te pak. • Om staatsbates te herstruktureer sodat hulle meer doeltreffend bedryf kan word en om terselfdertyd hul bydrae tot die land se ekonomiese groei te maksimeer. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die kwessies rondom privatisering (wat regerings behoort te begryp wanneer hulle privatisering beplan en implementeer) te ondersoek deur die privatiseringsproses van ESKOM, die elektrisiteitsmonopolie in staatsbesit, te bestudeer. In die soeke na uitvoerige inligting, sluit hierdie studie die volgende in: • 'n Analise van ESKOM en sy strategie ten opsigte van privatisering • 'n Analise van die ekonomiese strategieë van die regering • Die politiese agtergrond tot die opstel van hierdie strategieë. Die volgende probleem areas rondom privatisering en herstrukturering van staatsbates in die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie is geïdentifiseer en het meer aandag nodig wanneer staatsbates privatiseer word: • Gevolge van privatisering op lewering van dienste aan die armes • Teenstrydige ideologieë van die vakbond federasies, veral die Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) • Lesse geleer van ander semi-staatsinstellings wat geprivatiseer is. Hierdie studie het kwellinge en uitdagings rondom die privatisering van ESKOM, asook rondom privatisering in Suid-Afrika in die geheel, geïdentifiseer. Die studie wys dat die regering nie sy doelstellings bereik het nie ten opsigte van die ekonomiese transformasie van die land soos uiteengesit in die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP) en die Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR)- makro-ekonomiese strategie. Dit alleen dui op die noodsaaklikheid om hierdie strategieë te heroorweeg en om dit in lyn te bring met die ekonomiese realiteite wat die Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking in die gesig staar. Verskille in ideologie en sienings tussen arbeid en die regering wys op die nodigheid vir 'n oop konsulterende proses en 'n duidelike beleid wat rekonstruksie van staatsbates op so 'n manier rig dat die negatiewe gevolge van privatisering van staatsbates nie daarop impakteer nie.