Graduation date: 1991

<p>A series of experiments were designed to study alternative estrus synchronization and resynchronization protocols to facilitate the use of artificial insemination in cattle. </p><p>Studies were conducted to study the effects of estradiol cypionate (ECP) on follicular dynamics, time of ovulation, and pregnancy rate to timed-AI (TAI) in CIDR-based protocols. Although administration of 1 mg ECP did not result in synchronous follicular wave emergence, a dose of 0.5 mg ECP synchronized LH release and ovulation. Administration of ECP 24 h after CIDR removal resulted in acceptable pregnancy rate. However, treatment with ECP at CIDR removal resulted in acceptable pregnancy rate only if follicular wave emergence was synchronized with estradiol-17â (E-17â). </p><p>The efficacy of two estradiol preparations (5 mg of E-17â or estadiol valerate; EV) and reduced doses of EV on CL and ovarian follicular dynamics and superovulatory response were examined. When doses of 5 mg were compared, EV treatment resulted in a more variable interval to follicular wave emergence and a lower superovulatory response than E-17â. However, EV at a dose of 1 or 2 mg was efficacious in synchronizing follicle wave emergence in CIDR-treated cattle.</p><p>Pregnancy rates were compared following TAI in cattle given a new or previously used CIDR and injections of estradiol, with or without progesterone, to synchronize follicular wave emergence. Pregnancy rate following TAI did not differ between cattle treated with a new or once-used CIDR, but pregnancy rate was lower in cattle treated with one or two twice-used CIDR. The addition of an injection of progesterone to the estradiol treatment at CIDR insertion did not enhance pregnancy rate. </p><p>The efficacy of progestins (used CIDR and MGA), and E-17â, ECP, GnRH, or progesterone treatment for resynchronization of estrus in cattle not pregnant following TAI were investigated. Progestin treatment resulted in the majority of nonpregnant heifers detected in estrus over a 4-d interval. Conception rates were higher in heifers resynchronized with a once-used CIDR than with MGA. GnRH at CIDR insertion synchronized follicular wave emergence in cows, but did not increase conception rate in heifers. E-17â at CIDR insertion (1.5 mg) and removal (0.5 mg) resulted in decreased pregnancy rate following TAI. In summary, protocols described in this thesis resulted in acceptable pregnancy rates following TAI and resynchronization of previously inseminated heifers with progestins resulted in variable estrus and pregnancy rates.</p>

Objectives were to 1) evaluate the use of the CO-Synch + CIDR (COS-C) protocol for synchronization of ovulation and timed AI (TAI) in Bos indicus-influenced cattle, 2) compare cumulative pregnancy rates after COS-C synchronization and TAI to those in a traditional management (TM) scheme, and 3) evaluate specific ovarian, hormonal, and estrual events associated with COS-C. The COS-C regimen included insertion of a controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) containing progesterone and injection of GnRH (GnRH-1) on day 0, removal of the CIDR and injection of prostaglandin F2a (PGF on d 7, and injection of GnRH (GnRH-2) and TAI 48 h later. In experiment 1 (Exp. 1), 335 females were stratified by BCS, parity and d postpartum before random assignment to COS-C or TM. An additional 96 females in which TM controls were not available for comparison also received COS-C. Conception rates to TAI averaged 39% (n = 266). Cumulative pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.05) after 30 and 60 d of the breeding season in COS-C than in TM (n = 170 and 165 females respectively). In experiment 2 (Exp. 2), 100 postpartum (F1) females were stratified as in Exp. 1 within four replicates (25 each) and assigned randomly to receive either COSC or COS (no CIDR) treatment. No differences were observed between treatments and all data were pooled. Percentages of cows ovulating after GnRH-1, developing a synchronized follicular wave, exhibiting luteal regression to PGF, and ovulating to GnRH-2 were 40, 60, 93, and 72%, respectively. In experiment 3 (Exp. 3), primiparous (F1) heifers (n = 32) and pluriparous cows (n = 18) received the Select Synch + CIDR synchronization regimen (no GnRH-2 or TAI). Mean intervals from CIDR removal to estrus and ovulation, and from estrus to ovulation were 70 ± 2.9, 99 ± 2.8, and 29 ± 2.2 h, respectively. Relatively low TAI conception rates (< 50%) were attributed to failure of 40% of cattle to develop a synchronized follicular wave after GnRH-1 and to inappropriate timing of TAI/GnRH-2. It may be possible to improve TAI conception rates by delaying TAI/GnRH-2 to between 66 and 72 h, and by developing methods to increase the number of ovulations after GnRH-1.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1948. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-33).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1956. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliographies: leaves 36-40, 92-103.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 6, 2009) Thesis advisor: Dr. David J. Patterson, Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_apc_dr_jabo.pdf: 558027 bytes, checksum: ed704b102c75b6393c69efd003167c97 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O principal objetivo das pesquisas com MIV canina tem sido o desenvolvimento e implementação adequados da fecundação in vitro (FIV) e do cultivo embrionário in vitro (CIV) para a obtenção de embriões das espécies de canídeos em extinção. Concomitantemente à publicação de dados sobre índices de MIV em cadelas, surgiram alguns relatos sobre taxas de maturação completa e indícios de retomada da meiose em oócitos provenientes de folículos pré-ovulatórios. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a incidência de maturação oocitária intraovariana de cadelas em anestro, estro natural e estro induzido. Os oócitos foram colhidos após fatiamento ovariano e imediatamente corados com bisbenzimida para avaliação dos diferentes graus de configuração cromossômica. Em conclusão podemos afirmar que há retomada e progressão da meiose em oócitos, no ambiente intrafolicular; não há diferença estatística (P<0,05) nas porcentagens das diferentes configurações cromossômicas de acordo com os estádios reprodutivos avaliados neste estudo (anestro/estro e estro induzido). / The main canine MIV research goal has been adequate in vitro fecundation develop and implementation (FIV) and the in vitro embryo cultivation (CIV) to obtain in extinction canid species embryos. Concomitantly to data publication about bitch MIV indexes appeared some relates about complete maturation rates and indications of meiosis retaken in oocytes from pre-ovulatory follicles. This way, the present study aimed investigate the anestrus bitches interovarian oocytary maturation incidence, natural estrus and estrus-induced The oocytes were collected after the ovary slicing and immediately colored with bisbenzimide to evaluate the different chromosomic configuration degrees. As a conclusion, can be affirmed there is meiosis progression and resumption in oocytes, in the intra follicular environment. There were no statistical difference (P<0.05) between the different chromosomic configurations percentages according to the reproductive stages evaluated in this study (anestrus/estrus and estrus- induced).

Observing cows in estrus and inseminating them at the optimal time are necessary steps for effective reproductive management of a dairy herd. However, increasing herd sizes can lead to reproductive inefficiency resulting in decreased profits on dairy herds. Synchronization of estrus, through pharmacological control, has been used to improve reproductive efficiency. Systematic breeding programs provide an organized approach for administering artificial insemination (AI) at first service. Moreover, reproductive management is based on a methodical approach for the entire herd rather than for the individual cow. Seven-hundred and thirty four Holstein cows from 16 commercial dairy herds were used to conduct this study evaluating three systematic breeding protocols; 14-d PGF2a, timed AI (TAI), and GnRH-PGF2α, in comparison with an untreated control group. Eight herds relied on visual observation as their primary method for detection of estrus, and 8 herds utilized the HeatWatch® (DDx, Inc., Denver, CO) electronic estrus detection system. The average days to first postpartum AI were longer for untreated control cows when compared to the other breeding protocols. First AI conception rates did not differ among control, 14-d PGF2a, or GnRH-PGF2a protocols, but were higher than the TAI protocol. However, first AI pregnancy rates were higher for untreated controls versus hormonally treated cows. Estrus characteristics associated with each protocol were also evaluated and no difference was detected across treatments. An economic analysis determining cost per pregnancy for each protocol when considering drug costs, and pregnancy rates, resulted in the highest cost per pregnancy for TAI followed by GnRH-PGF2a and 14-d PGF2a. These programs should be considered as tools for convenience and efficiency of estrus detection; however, reduced labor costs from less time spent on estrus detection may be offset by the cost of the drug protocols. Cost effectiveness must be calculated on an individual herd basis when deciding whether a systematic breeding program is the appropriate choice. / Master of Science