Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2016-11-10T13:16:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarialdoSC_DISSERT.pdf: 2590642 bytes, checksum: 095ef28e7ca2841fc84541491e5f6234 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-01-24T14:31:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarialdoSC_DISSERT.pdf: 2590642 bytes, checksum: 095ef28e7ca2841fc84541491e5f6234 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-03T13:13:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarialdoSC_DISSERT.pdf: 2590642 bytes, checksum: 095ef28e7ca2841fc84541491e5f6234 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T15:06:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarialdoSC_DISSERT.pdf: 2590642 bytes, checksum: 095ef28e7ca2841fc84541491e5f6234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The union and the exchange of knowledge between the peasantry and the academy are very important tools for environmental studies, proper management of agroecosystems and the inclusion of technologies adapted to semi-arid conditions. The aim of this study was to describe morphologically the soil and classify it according to Ethnopedological studies in the Family Agricultural Production Unit Canto da Ilha de Cima, São Miguel do Gostoso (RN). Participatory research was conducted from January to December 2015. In the exploratory phase of the research were carried out field activities, meetings and workshops in the community involving farmers, technicians, students and teachers. In the soil classification study the emic [local] and the etic [academic] knowledges were used. Eight soil profiles were excavated in five different areas of the production unit (grazing of sheep and goats, beekeeping area, agroecological cultivation of vegetables, preserved caatinga and conventional production area - the area called Old Chica). In the emic [local] classification prevailed the impressions and qualitative analyzes of morphological and physical properties of soil in an objective and inteperative way through the light of ethnopedology. Farmers classified the lands as good land, piebald ox earth and old chica land as the most important in terms of fertility for crops, differentiating those from the arisco [a sandy soil] and the piçarro [a muddy-stony soil] lands. In the etic [academic] classification was used the Brazilian System of Soil Classification. In the etic classification were identified the Typical Carbonate Haplic Cambisols soils, YELLOW Typical Eutrophic Oxisols, RED YELLOW Typical Eutrophic Latosols, YELLOW Eutrophic Acrisols Latosols, Typical Eutrophic Haplic Cambisols Tb and Typical Carbonate Haplic Vertisols. The emic [local] and etic [academic] classifications performed in this study had a close relationship with each other, since the morphological attributes characterized from different methodological criteria contributed to affirm the importance of Ethnopedology / A união e a troca de saberes entre o campesinato e a academia são instrumentos de grande relevância para estudos de ambientes, um manejo adequado dos agroecosistemas e a inserção de tecnologias adaptados as condições do semiárido. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever morfologicamente o solo e classifica-lo de acordo com os estudos etnopedológicos na Unidade de Produção Agrícola Familiar Canto da Ilha de Cima, São Miguel do Gostoso (RN). A pesquisa participativa foi realizada durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2015. Na fase exploratória da pesquisa foram realizadas atividades de campo, reuniões e oficinas na comunidade envolvendo os agricultores, técnicos, estudantes e professores. No estudo de classificação do solo foram utilizados os conhecimentos emicista e o eticista. Foram escavados oito perfis de solo em cinco áreas distintas da unidade de produção (pastejo de ovinos e caprinos, área de apicultura, cultivo agroecológico de hortaliças, caatinga preservada e área de produção convencional - área denominada Velha Chica). Na classificação emicista prevaleceu às impressões e análises qualitativas dos atributos morfológicos e físicos dos solos de forma objetiva e inteperativa a luz da etonopedologia. Os agricultores classificaram os solos como terra boa, terra malhada do boi e terra velha chica como as mais importantes em termos de fertilidade para o cultivo agrícola, diferenciando essas das terras de arisco e de piçarro. Na classificação eticista foi utilizado o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Na classificação eticista foram identificados os solos CAMBISSOLOS HÁPLICOS Carbonáticos Típicos, LATOSSOLOS AMARELOS Eutróficos típicos, LATOSSOLOS VERMELHOS AMARELOS Eutróficos típicos, LATOSSOLOS AMARELOS Eutróficos argissólicos, CAMBISSOLOS HÁPLICOS Tb Eutróficos típicos e VERTISSOLOS HÁPLICOS Carbonáticos típicos. As classificações emicista e eticista realizadas neste estudo apresentaram estreita relação entre si, uma vez que os atributos morfológicos caracterizados a partir de diferentes critérios metodológicos contribuíram para afirmar a importância da etnopedologia / 2016-11-09

<p>We now live in an era of experts on virtually everything, among which we have professional medical ethicists, who gained prominence in the late 60s due to dramatic advances in medical technology. Before then, medical ethics issues were not thought as separable from the warp and woof of the everyday life. Medical technology’s advancement cascades legions of moral problems in medicine and biomedical research. Series of innovative interventions in medicine raise throngs of ethical questions. In most cases that have to do with issues of life and death, there are perceived moral conflicts. Due to this swath of problematic issues that need solutions, some apologists favour medical ethics experts as fit for the job, while critics argue that no one has the knowledge or skill for dealing with moral quandaries because objective truth is not feasible in ethics and moral judgment is relative to cultures, beliefs and values. The necessity for medical ethicists to take active role in Medical Ethics Debates, either in Committees at the institutional level, or at any other decision-making mechanisms is justified in this thesis. In addition to this, the thesis also justifies medical ethicists’ role as expert consultants to clinicians and individuals alike This justification is based on complex moral problems accentuated by medical technology, which are far from being easily solved through mere appeal to individual reason, but rather by involving medical ethicists based on their specialized knowledge and high level understanding of research and practice. Although critics question the authority with which experts speak on these issues, nevertheless, the thesis unravels the roles, functions, significance and components of expert’s expertise that separate him/her from the crowd. Arguments are critically analysed and medical ethicists’ limits and professional flaws are addressed, with a view to establishing a virile foundation for the profession of medical ethics.</p>

We now live in an era of experts on virtually everything, among which we have professional medical ethicists, who gained prominence in the late 60s due to dramatic advances in medical technology. Before then, medical ethics issues were not thought as separable from the warp and woof of the everyday life. Medical technology’s advancement cascades legions of moral problems in medicine and biomedical research. Series of innovative interventions in medicine raise throngs of ethical questions. In most cases that have to do with issues of life and death, there are perceived moral conflicts. Due to this swath of problematic issues that need solutions, some apologists favour medical ethics experts as fit for the job, while critics argue that no one has the knowledge or skill for dealing with moral quandaries because objective truth is not feasible in ethics and moral judgment is relative to cultures, beliefs and values. The necessity for medical ethicists to take active role in Medical Ethics Debates, either in Committees at the institutional level, or at any other decision-making mechanisms is justified in this thesis. In addition to this, the thesis also justifies medical ethicists’ role as expert consultants to clinicians and individuals alike This justification is based on complex moral problems accentuated by medical technology, which are far from being easily solved through mere appeal to individual reason, but rather by involving medical ethicists based on their specialized knowledge and high level understanding of research and practice. Although critics question the authority with which experts speak on these issues, nevertheless, the thesis unravels the roles, functions, significance and components of expert’s expertise that separate him/her from the crowd. Arguments are critically analysed and medical ethicists’ limits and professional flaws are addressed, with a view to establishing a virile foundation for the profession of medical ethics.