The current study evaluated the factor analytic structure and developmental trajectory of ethnic identity, as measured by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, (MEIM) among early rural adolescents. The convergent validity of the measure for rural youth was also examined. The sample for this study was drawn from a larger longitudinal study focusing on violence prevention efforts with an early adolescent sample residing in rural Florida. The final sample size for these secondary analyses was 5,695 participants. The sample was 53 % Caucasian, 24% Latino, 15% African American, and 8% Other. The mean age of the students was 11.3 years. Data were collected at seven time points. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with the entire sample to determine whether a two-factor model was a satisfactory fit for the entire sample at Times 1-7. Individual growth curve modeling was used to determine ethnic identity trajectories. This study demonstrated that the MEIM taps into two factors (Exploration and Commitment) for rural adolescents. Moreover, the findings demonstrated multigroup equivalence across waves 1-7 of data collection for the Caucasian, African American, and Latino groups. Further, results from the growth curve modeling procedures indicated that Caucasian participants demonstrated a greater increase in Exploration relative to Latino and African American participants. Lastly, results from the convergent validity analyses indicated that Commitment was negatively related to attitudes towards violence and positively related towards attitudes towards nonviolence. Implications for future research and prevention programs that incorporate ethnic identity constructs are discussed.

by Noel Law Sin Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [4-6] (3rd gp.)). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Scope of Study --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review and Theoretical Discussion --- p.5 / Chapter 3. --- Methodology --- p.14 / Chapter 4. --- Lay out of the Thesis --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- The Historical Background and Settlement Pattern of Indians in Hong Kong --- p.18 / Chapter 1 . --- Historical Background of Indians in Hong Kong --- p.18 / Chapter 2. --- Distribution Pattern of Indians in Hong Kong --- p.22 / Chapter 3. --- Immigration Policies --- p.24 / Chapter 4. --- History of Well-Known Indians --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Indian Associations in Hong Kong --- p.28 / Chapter 1 . --- Why Do They Join Associations --- p.28 / Chapter 2. --- The Council of Hong Kong Indian Associations --- p.29 / India Association Hong Kong --- p.33 / The Hong Kong Indian Women's Club --- p.34 / The Tamil Cultural Association --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- Other Associations --- p.42 / Chapter 4. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- The Sense of Belonging and Ethnic Identity --- p.48 / Chapter 1 --- .Sense of Belonging --- p.49 / Chapter 2. --- The Differences between Sojourners and Settlers --- p.50 / Chapter 3 . --- Hong Kong Indians VS Hong Kong Chinese --- p.53 / Chapter 4. --- Ethnic Markers / Language --- p.56 / Caste --- p.64 / Marriage --- p.66 / Religion --- p.75 / Chapter 5. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- The Transnational Network between Hong Kong and India / Chapter 1. --- Transnationalism --- p.82 / Chapter 2. --- The Closeness between China and India --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.94 / Appendices / Bibliography

by Hui Tsz Wan Alison. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-120). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- The History of the Chinese in Vancouver --- p.22 / Chapter 3. --- Contemporary Hong Kong Chinese in Vancouver --- p.42 / Chapter 4. --- Relations with Local People --- p.69 / Chapter 5. --- The Construction of Cultural Identities among the Hong Kong Chinese --- p.83 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion: Transnationalism and Cultural Identity --- p.108 / Bibliography --- p.114

In tracing the experience of Chinese Canadians in the 20th Century, we need to look further back into its history. Most people believe that the increasing number of immigrants from Hong Kong, Taiwan and China in the 1980s and 1990s played the most important roles in the social and economic changes during the latest decades of the 20th Century. The contribution of the Chinese Canadians settlement throughout the 20th Century should also be considered as it marks the beginning of the rise of their social status and identity in Canada. Although the Chinese Canadians earned their fame and status since the 1980s, they had been racially discriminated for more than a century. To probe into the situation, the social and political situations in the Chinese Canadian community will be meticulously analyzed and their contribution in difference aspects examined. In addition, other minority ethnic groups, such as the Japanese, Jewish and Indian, will be used as a comparison to demonstrate the change of policies towards the Chinese in Canada. In doing so, both English and Canadian Chinese newspapers will be used to illustrate the cultural difference between the “whites” and “non-whites”. To illustrate the changes, the 20th Century will be break into three parts. In most of the pre-Second World War period, the Chinese community was isolated from the mainstream community with their activities largely confined to Chinatowns in cities, such as Vancouver, Victoria, Toronto and so on. For the Chinese living in small townships, such as Prince Rupert, Richmond and so on, their daily life will also be examined. When Canada declared war on Japan on 7th December 1941, Canada became an ally of China during the war. A sentiment of acceptance of the Chinese in the mainstream society began to take shape. Some of the Chinese chose to contribute their efforts to Canada by joining the Canadian Armed Forces and went into battle alongside the White Canadians. After the Second World War, Canada adopted a new policy towards the minority ethnic groups and Chinese Canadians started to enjoy political equality. In May 1947, the Canadian Government repealed the Chinese Immigration Act. In 1967, after the liberalization of the Canadian immigration policy, the Chinese, once again, were allowed to immigrate freely to Canada as an individual. With granted full citizenship, the Chinese social and political status began to change. In 1957, Douglas Jung, a Canadian born Chinese, was elected a Member of the Parliament, which can be seen as the beginning of the Chinese involvement in the political arena of the Canadian community. Since then, Chinese Canadians were able to achieve equality in the society. Based on documentary accounts and oral history research, this thesis re-constructed the history of Canadian Chinese involvement in the 20th Century and the change of their identity and social status thereafter. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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This thesis compares the political positioning of Canadian Metis and Mexican mestizos. The central objective is to determine how the identities of these two groups have been affected by their countries' efforts to establish national identities. The initial assumption is that nationalizing projects, by nature, incorporate some groups, while marginalizing others. The body of the paper contains two chapters, with one chapter devoted to tracing the historical development of each group. The Metis, presented in chapter two, exhibit group cohesiveness during the 1800s and, in fact, begin to consider themselves part of a separate nation as early as 1816. However, after the 1885 Rebellion, the group becomes disenfranchised by Canadian expansionists. They join the ranks of non-status Indians, whose similar plights have meant their coordination ever since. The expansion of the group's associations has been problematic since their 1982 mention in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as establishing their privileges requires their agreeing on a definition of themselves. The mestizos, on the other hand, do not demonstrate the degree of cohesiveness that the Metis do. They are primarily identified by race and status, with no common history or political figures to bind them. In the 1920s, however, the group was used by the federal government to bridge the differences between European and indigenous peoples. As a result of this effort, the mestizo has become the personification of the national ideal, for a mestizo is neither European nor Indian, but Mexican. This has served to marginalize indigenous populations, many of whom consider the "cult of mestizo" the new form of colonialism in Mexico.

This thesis primarily deals with the nature and ori gins of Cape Muslim identity. The purpose of this study is to (1) define the nature of Cape M uslim identity (2) explore the origins of Cape Muslim identity (3) identify the factors impacting on Cape Muslim identity (4) and assess the response of Cape Muslims to the challenges to their identity. The hypothesis underlying this study is that Cape M uslim identity is unique and distinguishes itself through adherence to certain r ites and ceremonies, primarily derived from a Malay/Indonesian type of Islam, as established by r eligious leaders who came from those regions. This study explores this assumption and at tempts to determine the extent of Malay/Indonesian Islam on Cape Muslim rites and cer emonies. The study also identifies the contemporary ideologi cal and theological formations that challenge Cape Muslim identity. / Theses (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

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This creative project consists of a documentary about how two Taiwanese immigrant families try to maintain Taiwanese culture in the United States. One is a Taiwanese family, and the other is a biracial family (mother is Taiwanese and the father is Caucasian). Even though their family backgrounds are different, both families wish to maintain the Taiwanese culture and teach their children to be proud of their identity. / Department of Telecommunications

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78). / vi, 78 leaves, bound ill. (some col.) 29 cm