京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19783号 / 農博第2179号 / 新制||農||1041(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N4999(農学部図書室) / 32819 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 神﨑 護, 教授 井鷺 裕司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The Tripartite Integration Model of Social Influence (TIMSI), is a revision of the classic Herbert Kelman theory of social influence and seeks to provide a theoretical foundation to better understand why racial/ethnic disparities continue to exist within higher education (Estrada, Woodcock, Hernandez, & Schultz, 2011). Using Kelman's model of compliance, identification, and internalization, this revised model suggests that students integrate into academia through these three orientations, renamed rule, role, and value. The rule orientation suggests that students are socialized into the academic community through feedback provided when the student succeeds, thus guiding performance. Through this feedback loop, students comply with the expectations of a student. Later the student will identify with this role and at this point, the individual's personal and academic identity begins to strongly overlap. Finally, students begin to internalize their student identity. At this point, the individual's values are the same as the values of a student. This process can be seen as a process of integration through social influence. The current study had two main purposes. The first purpose of the study was to determine whether or not the Implicit Associations Test (IAT) could successfully differentiate between the rule and value orientations. The second purpose of this study was to further develop the TIMSI model and determine how it applied to the samples in this study, using this new theory. African American, Latino, and white college students were recruited from two universities to complete a survey and an implicit measure of student identity. The current study examined the relationship between the TIMSI and the student identity IAT, as well as Academic Self-concept, Study Strategies, Coping Strategies, Implicit Theories of Intelligence, and Multi-Ethnic Identity. Results indicated that, as predicted, only value orientation was related to the student identity IAT. This study also examined differences in predictive models for GPA and institutional commitment based on race/ethnicity. Results of this study suggest there are significant differences based on race/ethnic groups in predicting GPA. For all groups, GPA was significantly predicted by Academic Self-concept, however, for the African American sample, the IAT score was also a significant predictor and for the Latino population, the Surface Processing Study Strategy was also a significant predictor. Conversely, role orientation was the sole predictor of institutional commitment across all racial/ethnic groups. Differences were also detected between race/ethnic groups in their rule orientation. Implications of these results are discussed in relation to efforts to enhance student retention and success.

Suicidality rates are far higher among gender minority individuals than in the general population. This study sought to determine if intersecting identities and social support play a role in these rates. There were no differences in suicidality among gender minorities with an intersecting sexual minority identity. For intersecting racial/ethnic identities, it was found that White individuals were more likely to report past suicidal ideation than racial/ethnic minority individuals. Family support was independently associated with less suicidal ideation, whereas gender minority friend support was independently associated with an increase in suicidal ideation.

COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States and is the sixth leading cause of death for low-to middle income countries (Downs & Appel, 2006; GOLD, 2011). COPD is a largely preventable disease due to the lifestyle factors that heavily contribute to disease onset and severity. Although traditionally COPD research has focused on health outcomes related to risk factors, compliance, comorbid psychological and physical conditions, and treatment interventions, a growing body of research suggests religious and spiritual factors may play an equally important role in health outcomes for several medical conditions, including pulmonary disease. However, studies of this kind have not specifically examined COPD nor have they examined the role of religious and spiritual beliefs in COPD management among ethnic minority patients. As such, the current study aimed to examine whether spiritual ethnic minority patients with COPD hold religious fatalistic attitudes and less active religious problem solving . A sample of 35 ethnic minority patients from the Louis. B. Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (LSCVAMC) Outpatient Pulmonary Clinic in Cleveland, OH. were recruited to participate in the study. Due to the acknowledgeable limitations of the present study, results are preliminary but convey associations between religious health fatalistic beliefs and religious problem solving approaches. Implications and areas of future study are discussed.

Advances in transportation and communication have resulted in the ease of migration of people across transnational borders and the internationalisation of business organisations. These events have brought about changing workforce demographics, intense global competition, and the quest for talents across the world. These trends have made workforce diversity inevitable for transnational companies (TNCs). TNCs operating in Nigeria face a peculiar problem as there are two layers of ethnic diversity created by the country’s enormous diversity. The task of managing the layers of diversity is complicated by the weak legal and institutional provisions for the management of diversity in public and private firms. Also, there is a general lack of awareness about diversity and inclusion (D&I) in Nigeria; hence, the field has received scant attention from academics and practitioners. This study explored the D&I policies and strategies adopted by selected subsidiaries of TNCs in Nigeria and describes ethnic minority employee perception of D&I policies and the effects these policies have on performance at the individual and team levels. To achieve these objectives, it aims to provide answers to two research questions: “What are the organisational policies and strategies that enhance diversity and the inclusion of ethnic minority employees in TNCs; and how do D&I policies and strategies impact the performance of individuals and groups within the organisation?” The study adopted the exploratory mixed-methods design to collect qualitative and quantitative data for analysis. The qualitative data included the primary and secondary sources; and involved semi-structured interviews with six senior managers in four subsidiaries of TNCs and documentary analysis. While the quantitative data involved a survey of 133 employees across the four participating companies. The reflexive thematic analysis method was used to analyse the qualitative data, leading to the generation of themes; while the quantitative data were analysed using the descriptive statistical technique. Findings reveal the presence of varying degrees of D&I initiatives among the participating organisations, ranging from well-articulated and established programmes in one company to medium range policies in two companies, and no initiatives in one company. Findings also suggest a high level of inclusion of ethnic minority employees at the group or team level and a low inclusion at the top management level. Also, participants generally report a positive perception of the relationship between workforce D&I and performance at both the individual and team level. Some of the variables used to indicate inclusion are access to information, participation in group activities, membership of informal networks, participation in decision-making and participation in meeting with supervisor and senior management. Similarly, some of the performance variables include creativity, innovation, timely completion of tasks and quality of work output. Finally, the findings from the study contributed to filling the gap in the literature as well as empirically highlighting the D&I policies operational in TNCs in Nigeria. The study recommends that diversity policy-makers pay attention to the additional layer of diversity while developing global policies for a more inclusive organisational environment. This study has provided valuable insights into the policies and practices as well as employee perception of diversity in light of the dearth of studies from the Nigerian context. Despite some inherent limitations, it serves as a starting point that could ignite the interest of other researchers and practitioners in the fields of diversity. / Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund)

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24058号 / 地環博第221号 / 新制||地環||42(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 准教授 深町 加津枝, 教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

This study seeks to identify discourses on ethnic minority children in the preschool system of Copenhagen, and in extension investigate what consequences the discourses have to the “subject position” of the children. The study includes a small-scale qualitative study of Copenhagen institutions based on the collection of three semi-structured interviews with preschool pedagogues. Additionally, the “Inclusionguide” from the municipality of Copenhagen have been included to strengthen the analysis. The material has been analysed using a range of theoretical concepts of Michel Foucault. Based on the analysis, the thesis identifies several elements, which permeates discourses surrounding ethnic minority children. The thesis concludes that discrepancies between the institutional sphere and the family sphere can cause the children be categorised as “wrong” or “abnormal” according to the discourses reproduced in the institutions. Furthermore, the thesis suggests that discourses are based on dualistic assumptions and controlling power relations, and are problematic to challenge.

Malaria persists in 13 of Bangladesh's 64 districts, notably in the Chittagong Hill Tract (CHT) districts consisting of Bandarban, Rangamati, and Khagrachhari. While prior studies have explored malaria in Bangladesh, none have delved into the behavioral and climatic factors that simultaneously contribute to its persistence in the CHT districts. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating behaviors influencing malaria persistence in Bangladesh's endemic region, focusing on the Lama, Alikodom, and Naikhongchhari subdistricts of Bandarban district. Data were collected through surveys and key informant interviews (KIIs) in Lama and Alikodom, revealing tribal villages as having the highest concentration of cases, with inhabitants lacking essential knowledge about malaria and prevention methods. Socio-economic dynamics between tribal and Bengali communities emerged as a barrier to accepting information provided by NGOs. Additionally, occupation (employment) was found to be closely linked to malarial sickness. These findings can inform policies to eradicate malaria and protect tribal minorities. Meanwhile, in Naikhongchhari, this study analyzes the relationship between malaria incidence and climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing NGO malaria registry data and meteorological data, significant correlations between rainfall, temperature, and malaria incidence were identified, with temperature and rainfall spikes preceding increases in cases. Despite limitations such as retrospective data collection inaccuracies and omitted determinants, these findings underscore the importance of considering climatic factors in malaria control efforts, necessitating further research for a comprehensive understanding of malaria dynamics. Combined, the overall findings suggest the need for greater education measures using improved communication devoted to preventative efforts among the ethnic minority residents of the CHTs, particularly during the time periods immediately after high rainfall and temperature. Such efforts could contribute greatly to Bangladesh's attempt to eliminate malaria within its borders. / Master of Science / Malaria remains a persistent issue in 13 out of Bangladesh's 64 districts, particularly prevalent in the Chittagong Hill Tract (CHT) districts like Khagrachhari, Bandarban, and Rangamati. Previous studies have overlooked the behavioral and climatic factors contributing to malaria's endurance in the CHT districts. This study fills this gap by investigating behavioral influences on malaria persistence, focusing on subdistricts like Lama, Alikodom, and Naikhongchhari in Bandarban district. Surveys and key informant interviews in Lama and Alikodom revealed tribal villages as hotspots for malaria, with inhabitants lacking crucial knowledge about prevention methods. Socio-economic disparities between tribal and Bengali communities hinder the acceptance of information provided by NGOs. Occupation was identified as closely linked to malarial sickness. In Naikhongchhari, the study explores the correlation between climatic variables and malaria incidence from 2013 to 2022, finding significant relationships between rainfall, temperature, and malaria cases. Temperature and rainfall spikes preceded increases in malaria cases. Despite limitations like retrospective data collection issues, the findings stress the importance of considering climatic factors in malaria control strategies. Enhanced education and communication efforts, particularly targeting ethnic minority residents of the CHTs, could significantly aid Bangladesh's malaria elimination efforts.