Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 122-137. / xiv, 158 leaves, [16] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / 18 species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials to investigate their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning for cut flower production. Post harvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Species of Eucalyptus were also studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age and for variation in amount and composition of leaf epicuticular wax. Molecular markers were discovered which may facilitate the management of E. gunnii breeding and selection for the cut foliage industry, by providing an initial screen for glaucousness. 12 species were recommened for the cut foliage industry. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1999

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 122-137. 18 species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials to investigate their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning for cut flower production. Post harvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Species of Eucalyptus were also studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age and for variation in amount and composition of leaf epicuticular wax. Molecular markers were discovered which may facilitate the management of E. gunnii breeding and selection for the cut foliage industry, by providing an initial screen for glaucousness. 12 species were recommened for the cut foliage industry.

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 122-137. / xiv, 158 leaves, [16] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / 18 species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials to investigate their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning for cut flower production. Post harvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Species of Eucalyptus were also studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age and for variation in amount and composition of leaf epicuticular wax. Molecular markers were discovered which may facilitate the management of E. gunnii breeding and selection for the cut foliage industry, by providing an initial screen for glaucousness. 12 species were recommened for the cut foliage industry. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1999

Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / This research project was carried out using the ornamental species E. erythronema, E. stricklandii, their natural interspecific hybrid E. 'Urrbrae Gem', and artificial hybrids of these two species, with the aim of identifying a clonal propagation method for hybrid omamental eucalypts using the tissue culture techniques of micropropagation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Seeds of E. erythronema, E. stricklandii, and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' were decontaminated and germinated in culture for experiments on callus growth and response to plant growth regulators. Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 1 uM BAP, 10 uM NAA, 20 g⁻¹ sucrose, gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel® proved the most suitable callus growth medium when compared to those of Gamborg (1968), Lloyd and McCown (woody plant medium) (1980), Almehdi and Parfitt (1996) and de Fossard(1976) (Eucalyptus). A range and combination of plant growth regulators was used to investigate organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis and axillary shoot proliferation. A broad based experiment was first conducted to assess the response of the hybrid and its parental species to wide concentrations of commonly used auxins and cytokinins known to induce organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Callus growth was consistent across all genotypes and tissue types with soft and spongy callus growth in the presence of 2,4-D and hard and friable callus in the presence of NAA, while callus growth was greater with auxin or auxin/cytokinin (BAP or kinetin) combinations compared to cytokinin alone. Healthy root development was observed from treatments with NAA, while roots that developed from treatments with 2,4-D turned brown within 12 weeks. Bud development was observed with BAP alone or in combination with NAA with large bud clusters observed on E. erythronema and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' explants. Shoots, were observed in treatments with NAA alone, or in combination with BAP or kinetin, but not in treatments with 2,4-D. No somatic embryos were observed with any treatment or taxon. Light microscopy of explants treated with 2,4-D alone showed calli consisting only of large parenchyma cells, while 2,4¬D in combination with a cytokinin produced smaller parenchyma cells, with areas of vascular tissue and spherical growths. BAP, kinetin and NAA alone or in combination produced an increase in vascular tissue. Shoot and root initiation appeared to occur within the callus with connection to the vascular tissue. Shoot organogenesis from E. erythronema, E. stricklandii and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' seedlings and E. erythronema x E. stricklandii hybrid 2.5 was further investigated using apex and leaf explants with 1 uM and lower levels of BAP. Apex and leaf explants of E. erythronema and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' developed clusters of buds from the apex base and leaf petiole while apex and leaf explants of E. stricklandii and hybrid 2.5 produced individual buds. Bud and shoot development was greater on apex than leaf explants with 0.5 and 1 uM BAP producing the greatest shoot numbers. Light microscopy showed that meristem development had occurred within the callus and bud structures, but there were few shoot primordia considering the amount of meristem development (meristemoids). Somatic embryogenesis was further investigated in juvenile ad callus tissue using NAA, NAA/2,4-D combinations, and heat and smoked water treatments. Somatic embryogenesis was not observed macroscopically with 2,4-D and NAA treatments. Globular somatic embryo structures were observed on apex explants of 'Urrbrae Gem' seedlings at 2 wk on MS medium supplemented with 16.11 uM NAA but there was no development beyond the globular stage. Areas of defined callus development, which did not contain typical embryogenic cells, were observed on all treatments and genotypes. Root development was observed from all auxin treatments but was less on explants treated with 5.37 uM NAA/4.5 uM 2,4-D compared to NAA alone while roots and shoots developed simultaneously on apex explants after culture for 1 wk on MS medium supplemented with 80.55 uM NAA. Heat and smoked water were detrimental to E. 'Urrbrae Gem' callus and no somatic embryogenesis was observed. Explants from field trees of E. erythronema, E. stricklandii, E. 'Urrbrae Gem', E. erythronema x stricklandii hybrids 20E, 20P, 20R, 20T, 20V, 21A, 21G, 21U and potted plants of E. erythronema x E. stricklandii hybrids 35.2 and 2.5 growing under glasshouse conditions, were harvested and initiated into culture. Of the selected plants only explants from glasshouse grown material could be initiated into culture and multiplied. E. erythronema x stricklandii hybrids 35.2 and 2.5 . were multiplied by axillary shoot proliferation over 3 yr on Quoirin and Lepoivre medium (1977) with 2.2 uM BAP, 0.5 uM NAA and 0.5 uM GA3, 20 g⁻¹ sucrose, gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel®. However root growth proved difficult as shoots developed short thick roots that failed to elongate and the plants could not be hardened off. By using zeatin in the multiplication medium and activated charcoal after the IBA pulse elongated roots suitable for hardening off were developed. By comparison seedlings of E. 'Urrbrae Gem' were successfully germinated in culture and multiplied by axillary shoot proliferation using WPM, 2.2 uM BAP, 0.5 uMNAA and 0.5 uM GA3, 20 g⁻¹ sucrose, gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel®. They were rooted on 1/2WPM, 20 uM IBA, 10 g⁻¹ sucrose gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel® for 7 d, followed by subculture to PGR free medium. Following root initiation and growth plants were hardened off to the external environment. In conclusion genetic differences were observed between genotypes, in regards to initiation into culture, and response to nutrient medium, and plant growth regulators, with differences observed in explant deterioration, medium exudates, callus growth and appearance, somatic embryogenesis, bud, shoot and root organogenesis, axillary shoot development, and rooting of shoots. For organogenesis, juvenile explants were more responsive in culture than mature explants and potted plants more responsive than field plants for micropropagation. Shoot and root organogenesis was achieved from juvenile explants while shoot explants of E. erythronema x E, stricklandii hybrids were successfully micropropagated by axillary shoot proliferation. Somatic embryogenesis was observed with E. 'Urrbrae Gem' seedlings but was blocked at the globular stage. This research has provided a greater understanding of the clonal propagation requirements via tissue culture techniques for E. erythronema, E. stricklandii and their hybrids. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1177221 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2005

Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / This research project was carried out using the ornamental species E. erythronema, E. stricklandii, their natural interspecific hybrid E. 'Urrbrae Gem', and artificial hybrids of these two species, with the aim of identifying a clonal propagation method for hybrid omamental eucalypts using the tissue culture techniques of micropropagation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Seeds of E. erythronema, E. stricklandii, and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' were decontaminated and germinated in culture for experiments on callus growth and response to plant growth regulators. Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 1 uM BAP, 10 uM NAA, 20 g⁻¹ sucrose, gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel® proved the most suitable callus growth medium when compared to those of Gamborg (1968), Lloyd and McCown (woody plant medium) (1980), Almehdi and Parfitt (1996) and de Fossard(1976) (Eucalyptus). A range and combination of plant growth regulators was used to investigate organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis and axillary shoot proliferation. A broad based experiment was first conducted to assess the response of the hybrid and its parental species to wide concentrations of commonly used auxins and cytokinins known to induce organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Callus growth was consistent across all genotypes and tissue types with soft and spongy callus growth in the presence of 2,4-D and hard and friable callus in the presence of NAA, while callus growth was greater with auxin or auxin/cytokinin (BAP or kinetin) combinations compared to cytokinin alone. Healthy root development was observed from treatments with NAA, while roots that developed from treatments with 2,4-D turned brown within 12 weeks. Bud development was observed with BAP alone or in combination with NAA with large bud clusters observed on E. erythronema and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' explants. Shoots, were observed in treatments with NAA alone, or in combination with BAP or kinetin, but not in treatments with 2,4-D. No somatic embryos were observed with any treatment or taxon. Light microscopy of explants treated with 2,4-D alone showed calli consisting only of large parenchyma cells, while 2,4¬D in combination with a cytokinin produced smaller parenchyma cells, with areas of vascular tissue and spherical growths. BAP, kinetin and NAA alone or in combination produced an increase in vascular tissue. Shoot and root initiation appeared to occur within the callus with connection to the vascular tissue. Shoot organogenesis from E. erythronema, E. stricklandii and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' seedlings and E. erythronema x E. stricklandii hybrid 2.5 was further investigated using apex and leaf explants with 1 uM and lower levels of BAP. Apex and leaf explants of E. erythronema and E. 'Urrbrae Gem' developed clusters of buds from the apex base and leaf petiole while apex and leaf explants of E. stricklandii and hybrid 2.5 produced individual buds. Bud and shoot development was greater on apex than leaf explants with 0.5 and 1 uM BAP producing the greatest shoot numbers. Light microscopy showed that meristem development had occurred within the callus and bud structures, but there were few shoot primordia considering the amount of meristem development (meristemoids). Somatic embryogenesis was further investigated in juvenile ad callus tissue using NAA, NAA/2,4-D combinations, and heat and smoked water treatments. Somatic embryogenesis was not observed macroscopically with 2,4-D and NAA treatments. Globular somatic embryo structures were observed on apex explants of 'Urrbrae Gem' seedlings at 2 wk on MS medium supplemented with 16.11 uM NAA but there was no development beyond the globular stage. Areas of defined callus development, which did not contain typical embryogenic cells, were observed on all treatments and genotypes. Root development was observed from all auxin treatments but was less on explants treated with 5.37 uM NAA/4.5 uM 2,4-D compared to NAA alone while roots and shoots developed simultaneously on apex explants after culture for 1 wk on MS medium supplemented with 80.55 uM NAA. Heat and smoked water were detrimental to E. 'Urrbrae Gem' callus and no somatic embryogenesis was observed. Explants from field trees of E. erythronema, E. stricklandii, E. 'Urrbrae Gem', E. erythronema x stricklandii hybrids 20E, 20P, 20R, 20T, 20V, 21A, 21G, 21U and potted plants of E. erythronema x E. stricklandii hybrids 35.2 and 2.5 growing under glasshouse conditions, were harvested and initiated into culture. Of the selected plants only explants from glasshouse grown material could be initiated into culture and multiplied. E. erythronema x stricklandii hybrids 35.2 and 2.5 . were multiplied by axillary shoot proliferation over 3 yr on Quoirin and Lepoivre medium (1977) with 2.2 uM BAP, 0.5 uM NAA and 0.5 uM GA3, 20 g⁻¹ sucrose, gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel®. However root growth proved difficult as shoots developed short thick roots that failed to elongate and the plants could not be hardened off. By using zeatin in the multiplication medium and activated charcoal after the IBA pulse elongated roots suitable for hardening off were developed. By comparison seedlings of E. 'Urrbrae Gem' were successfully germinated in culture and multiplied by axillary shoot proliferation using WPM, 2.2 uM BAP, 0.5 uMNAA and 0.5 uM GA3, 20 g⁻¹ sucrose, gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel®. They were rooted on 1/2WPM, 20 uM IBA, 10 g⁻¹ sucrose gelled with 7 g⁻¹ Phytagel® for 7 d, followed by subculture to PGR free medium. Following root initiation and growth plants were hardened off to the external environment. In conclusion genetic differences were observed between genotypes, in regards to initiation into culture, and response to nutrient medium, and plant growth regulators, with differences observed in explant deterioration, medium exudates, callus growth and appearance, somatic embryogenesis, bud, shoot and root organogenesis, axillary shoot development, and rooting of shoots. For organogenesis, juvenile explants were more responsive in culture than mature explants and potted plants more responsive than field plants for micropropagation. Shoot and root organogenesis was achieved from juvenile explants while shoot explants of E. erythronema x E, stricklandii hybrids were successfully micropropagated by axillary shoot proliferation. Somatic embryogenesis was observed with E. 'Urrbrae Gem' seedlings but was blocked at the globular stage. This research has provided a greater understanding of the clonal propagation requirements via tissue culture techniques for E. erythronema, E. stricklandii and their hybrids. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1177221 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2005

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2003. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Science and Engineering. Bibliography: leaves 185-202.

Thesis (Ph.D.)(Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-06-09T16:42:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3605288 bytes, checksum: c140119e2a1c08147c9b660d08083a05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T16:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3605288 bytes, checksum: c140119e2a1c08147c9b660d08083a05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de um sistema para auxiliar o manejador a melhorar a qualidade de suas decisões, usando dados e modelos para resolver problemas de predição da produção de madeira e aspectos econômicos de alternativas de manejo. O sistema baseou-se na construção e aplicação de modelos de crescimento e produção e na aplicação de critérios de avaliação econômica. Os modelos de crescimento e produção empregados para o estabelecimento das prognoses referem-se ao modelo de povoamento total e ao modelo de distribuição de diâmetros. Estes fornecem as estimativas de produção ao longo do tempo, para as alternativas de manejo. Os critérios de avaliação de investimentos empregados referem-se a fluxos de caixa descontados, quais sejam: o valor presente líquido e o benefício periódico equivalente. O sistema desenvolvido permite obter informações sobre crescimento, produção e viabilidade econômica de alternativas de manejo. A formulação do sistema envolve dados oriundos de plantações de Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus cloeziana, situadas na região de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Concluiu-se que o modelo de povoamento total baseado na metodo- logia de Buckman (1962), modificada, e o modelo de distribuição diamétrica baseado na distribuição de Weibull truncada à direita foram eficientes para estimar a produção presente e futura de povoamentos de eucalipto. A análise econômica mostrou que as alternativas de produção com produtos de maior valor agregado podem ser viáveis, mesmo em situações adversas, como juros altos e baixa produtividade. / The objective of this work was to develop a system to help the manager improve the decision making quality, using data and models to solve problems of predictions of wood yield and economic aspects of management alternatives. The system was based on the construction and application of growth and yield models and on economic evaluation criteria. The growth and yield models used for the predictions are related to the total stand model and to the diameter distribution model. These models provide the estimations of yield through the period of time, for the management alternatives. The evaluation criteria of inputs used are related to the flow of discounted cash, as follows: the present net value and the equivalent periodic benefit. The developed system allows one to obtain information about growth, yield and economic viability of the management alternatives. The system formulation involves data from plantations of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus cloeziana, located in the region of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The conclusion modified Buckman methodology (1962) and the diametric distribution model based on the right truncated Weibull distribution were efficient to estimate the present and future yield of eucalypt stands. The economic analysis showed the yield viiialternatives with products with greater aggregated value can be suitable even in adverse situations as high profits and low productivity. / Tese antiga, sem ficha catalog. e folha de aprovação.

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de polpa de eucalipto e suas plantações são dependentes do enraizamento adventício de genótipos selecionados. Neste trabalho foram analisados os efeitos de diferentes fontes de carboidratos e de qualidade de luz no enraizamento adventício in vitro de duas espécies de eucalipto economicamente importantes, Eucalyptus grandis, de fácil enraizamento e Eucalyptus globulus, recalcitrante ao enraizamento. As fontes de carboidratos testadas em meio de cultura líquido foram sacarose, glicose e frutose. Microestacas de ambas as espécies e plantas-matrizes de Eucalyptus globulus foram expostas a comprimentos de onda enriquecidos para luz branca, azul, vermelha e vermelho-extrema e seus efeitos foram testados em relação ao enraizamento. O enraizamento adventício aumentou em ambas as espécies quando foi fornecida sacarose durante a fase de indução e frutose na fase de formação. Fazendo uma analogia entre o enraizamento adventício e a tuberização de batata, este resultado pode ser atribuído a atividade de invertases na fase de indução e fructoquinase na fase de formação, porém mais estudos devem ser conduzidos para confirmar esta hipótese. Não houve efeito de qualidade de luz no enraizamento adventício quando os tratamentos de luz foram aplicados nas microestacas. A exposição de plantas-matrizes crescidas em meio de cultura sem sacarose à ambiente enriquecido com comprimento de onda vermelho-extremo proporcionou um aumento de 255% na porcentagem de enraizamento de suas microestacas, mesmo na ausência de auxina exógena no meio de enraizamento, quando comparado com plantas-matrizes expostas à luz branca nas mesmas condições de cultura. Este resultado está aparentemente relacionado com o balanço 8 endógeno de açúcares solúveis e amido na parte aérea e raízes em desenvolvimento, com maior conteúdo de ambos na região das raízes. / Brazil is one of the largest producers of eucalypt pulp and its plantations are dependent of adventitious rooting of selected genotypes. In this work we analyzed the effects of different carbohydrate sources and light qualities on in vitro adventitious rooting of two economically important eucalypt species, the easy-to-root Eucalyptus grandis and the recalcitrant Eucalyptus globulus. The carbohydrate sources tested in static liquid medium were sucrose, glucose and fructose. The effect of white, blue, red and far-red light exposure on microcuttings of both species and on donor-plants of E. globulus was evaluated in relation to rooting. Rooting was improved in both species by supplying sucrose in the induction phase and fructose in the formation phase. By a putative analogy of adventitious rooting with tuberization in potato stems, this result was attributed to activities of invertases in the induction phase and fructokinase in the formation phase, but more studies will be needed to confirm this hypothesis. There was no effect of light quality on adventitious rooting when light treatments were applied on microcuttings. Compared to the white light-treated control donor-plants grown on medium without sucrose, donor-plants grown under a far-red light enriched environment on medium devoid of sucrose yielded 255% in the rooting percentage of microcuttings derived therefrom, even in the absence of exogenous auxin in rooting medium. This result was apparently related to the balance between endogenous hexoses and starch content in shoots and developing roots, with a higher content of both in the rooting zone.

Resumo : O uso de florestas de Eucalyptus tem se tornado cada vez mais expressivo no Brasil, sobretudo por conta da excelente produção em termos volumétricos por elas alcançada e pelas boas características da madeira obtida. Várias empresas do setor florestal estão em busca do aumento da produção de madeira por unidade de área, tentando identificar, nos regimes de manejo, a técnica que agrega mais fortemente qualidade ao produto final por eles gerado. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido buscando a identificação dos melhores espaçamentos de plantio para florestas clonais de um híbrido interespecífico de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus urophylla, de forma a maximizar a produção de biomassa do fuste por hectare, e como objetivos complementares analisar a influência do espaçamento de plantio no incremento anual em diâmetro, altura, área basal ao longo da idade, volume por árvore e por hectare, além do percentual de casca das árvores e densidade básica da madeira no último ano. Os dados foram disponibilizados pela empresa Duraflora S.A. e são provenientes de um teste clonal exploratório que visa o aumento da produtividade e melhoria da qualidade da matéria prima através do estudo de espaçamentos. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o sistemático com fator quantitativo contínuo, com 16 tratamentos e 40 repetições, considerando que a variação entre os tratamentos foi o espaçamento entre as árvores e a entrelinha possuía um espaçamento constante de três metros. Com este arranjo, o experimento possuiu espaçamentos variando de 1,50m2 de área vital por árvore (6.667 árvores por hectare) até 15,75m2 de área vital árvore (635 árvores por hectare). A altura e o diâmetro à altura do peito -DAP foram medidos aos 36, 48, 60 e 72 meses de idade, e somente no ultimo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrõnico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of forests of Eucalyptus has become each time more expressive in Brazil, over all on account of the excellent production in volumetric terms for them reached and the good characteristics of the gotten wood. Some companies of the forest sector are in search of the increase of the wooden production for unit of area, trying to identify, in regimes of handling, the technique that strong adds more quality to the end item for them generated. In this context, the present work was developed to search the bests plantations spacing for clonal forests of a interspecific hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla, to maximize the production of the stem biomass per hectare, and as a complementary objective to analyze the influence of the plantation spacing in the annual increment in diameter, height, stem volume and volume per hectare, basal area throughout the age, beyond the percentage of bark of the trees and basic density of the wood in the last year. The data came from the Duraflora Company and are proceeding from a clonal test exploration that aims at the increase of the productivity and improvement of the quality of the substance cousin through the study of plantations spacing. The used statistical delineation was the systematic with continuous quantitative factor, 16 treatments and 40 repetitions, considering that the variation between the treatments was only the spacing between the trees and the space between lines was a constant of 3 meters. With this arrangement, the vital area for tree was about 1,50m2 (6,667 trees per hectare) until 15,75m2 (635 trees per hectare). The trees height and the diameter breast height - DBH had been measured to the age of 36, 48, 60 and 72 months, and only in the last year three trees of each treatment had been sampled to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Adriano Wagner Ballarin / Coorientador: Luiz Alberto Blanco Jorge / Banca: José Nivaldo Garcia / Banca: Hernando Alfonso Lara Palma / Mestre