Les nanoparticules constituent une forme médicamenteuse d’avenir dans le domaine pharmaceutique. Capables de véhiculer de nombreux principes actifs, elles peuvent les libérer dans l’organisme après administration in vivo mais aussi les piloter vers des cibles prédéfinies. Ce travail repose sur la préparation, par une technique de double émulsion, de nanoparticules constituées de deux polymères : la poly-e-caprolactone et un polymère polyacrylique et polycationique (Eudragit® RS). La première partie a consisté en la mise au point de nanoparticules encapsulant de l’insuline et capables de la libérer in vitro et in vivo. Ces nanoparticules ont développé une activité hypoglycémiante après administration orale. En effet, l’inconvénient majeur du traitement du diabète par l’insuline reste un mode d’administration contraignant pour le diabétique : la voie injectable. La possibilité d’administrer l’insuline par voie orale constituerait un progrès révolutionnaire dans le domaine de la diabétologie. Les nanoparticules préparées ont donc démontré leur capacité à diminuer le glucose sanguin de rats diabétiques après administration orale. Le mécanisme de passage de l’insuline semble être dû à un contact intime entre le mucus chargé négativement et les nanoparticules de charge opposée créant ainsi un fort gradient local de concentration. La seconde partie du travail a consisté en la mise au point de nanoparticules dites furtives c’est à dire capables d’éviter leur reconnaissance par le système phagocytaire mononucléé après administration intraveineuse. L’objectif était de créer un procédé innovant de furtivité reposant sur la formation d’interactions électrostatiques entre l’héparine, glycosaminoglycane polyanionique, et l’Eudragit® RS, polymère polycationique. Le potentiel de furtivité a été démontré par l’augmentation in vivo de la demi-vie plasmatique de deux principes actifs de natures différentes : le chlorhydrate de propranolol et l’insuline. / Nanoparticles are innovative dosage forms in drug delivery. They can act as prolonged release dosage forms but they also have the potentiality to target specific physiological compartments after in vivo administration. This thesis is based on the preparation of nanoparticles according to a double emulsion process. The nanoparticles are formed of two biocompatible polymers: poly-e-caprolactone and a polyacrylic and polycationic polymer (Eudragit® RS). The first part describes the development of insulin-loaded nanoparticles able to release insulin both in vitro and in vivo. It has been demonstrated that such nanoparticles incorporated high amounts of insulin and were able to display a hypoglycemic activity after oral administration. It is well known that the major drawback of diabetes treatment remains the injectable administration route for insulin. The ability to administer insulin orally would be a tremendous progress in the field of diabetes. Our prepared nanoparticles have demonstrated their ability to reduce blood glucose in diabetic rats after oral administration. It is believed that the positively charged insulin-loaded nanoparticles may interact with the negatively charged mucus and create a high local gradient concentration which would favor the intestine permeation. The second part of the thesis was devoted to the development of stealth nanoparticles able to avoid the recognition by the mononuclear phagocytosis system after intravenous administration. The objective was to create a new system based on the formation of electrostatic interactions between heparin, a polyanionic glycosaminoglycane, and Eudragit® RS, polycationic polymer. The stealth potential has been demonstrated by increasing the in vivo plasma half-life of two drugs namely propranolol hydrochloride and insulin.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de préparer et de caractériser les particules cationiquesbiodégradables à base de cyclodextrine. Ces microparticules doivent également presenter unestructure et morphologie éponge et multifonctionnelle. L'encapsulation simultanée deplusieurs actifs cosmétiques (bien etre) et thérapeutiques (anti-inflammatoire) dans cesmicroparticules peut ouvrir de nouvelles applications une fois appliquées sur un textilespécifiquement sélectionnés pour leur fonctionnalisation. Pour atteindre cet objectif, desmicroparticules à base de polyméthacrylate cationique ont été préparés en utilisant le procédéémulsion double et diffusion de solvant suivi de l'évaporation du solvant. Des étudessystématiques ont été effectuées pour l'optimisation des paramètres du procédé ce qui apermis de contrôler la taille des particules et leur stabilité colloïdale. Une fois la taille désiréedes particules de type éponge a été obtenu, la surface d'un textile model de polyamide a étéfonctionnalisé via l'adsorption de ces particules tout en consacrent une attention particulièreaux propriétés électrocinétiques du textile avant et après fonctionnalisation en fonction d'ungrand nombre de paramètres physico-chimiques tels que; le pH, la salinité, la quantité initialede particules présente lors de l'adsorption. Enfin, l'encapsulation de la vitamine E, LIB(Lauryl Isoquinolinium Bromide), IMC (indomethacin) ainsi que l'encapsulation decomplexes de vitamine E-HPBCD, LIB-HPBCD et IMC-HPBCD dans microparticules a étéeffectuée séparément. Ces particules ont été caractérisées et la pénétration cutanée en utilisantune peau humaine a été examinée / The objective of this thesis was to prepare and characterize cyclodextrin based biodegradable,cationic and sponge like multifunctional microparticles that not only can be used for thedelivery of cosmetic and therapeutic agent (anti-inflammatory) but also can be potentiallyapplied onto specifically selected textile for their functionalization. For achieving these goals,polymethylmethacrylate based microparticles were prepared using double emulsion-diffusionsolvent evaporation technique. Systematic studies were performed for optimization of processcontrol parameters. Once desired size of sponge like particles was obtained from thesystematic study, the polyamide textile surface was functionalized with these particles whilededicating special attention to electrokinetic properties of textile as a function of variousparameters such as; particles amount present during adsorption process. Finally, encapsulationof pure vitamin E, Lauryl Isoquinolinium Bromide (LIB), Indomethacin (IMC) as well asencapsulation of complexes of vit E-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), LIBHPBCDand IMC-HPBCD into microparticles was done separately. These particles werecharacterized for skin penetration and encapsulation efficiency

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-16T20:20:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaJuliaFigueiroDalcin.pdf: 1880693 bytes, checksum: 994407ff94e18668a6d303e7d72b7fd6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:20:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaJuliaFigueiroDalcin.pdf: 1880693 bytes, checksum: 994407ff94e18668a6d303e7d72b7fd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Nosocomial infections associated with biofilm formation in urinary catheters are among the leading causes of complications due to high antimicrobial resistance. An alternative is Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid compound extracted mainly from grossedentata Ampelopsis plant, a vine of southern China, where you been widely used as a kind of healthy tea by the population. DHM has demonstrated different pharmacological properties. Among them stands out strong antimicrobial activity to various microorganisms.Therefore, the DHM has low lipid solubility consequently low biodisponibility. The nanoencapsulation can contribute to the improvement of the characteristics of drugs, as increased apparent solubility, protection against toxicity, increased drug activity and stability, sustained release and protection from degradation have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of DHM encapsulation and evaluate the influence on antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities in front of urinary catheters with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The analytical method was devoloped and validated to indicate the stability of DHM and to determinaton it in polymeric nanocapsules by high-performance liquid chromatography. The developed method proved to be linear, specific, precise, accurate and robust for determining of DHM in polymeric nanocapsules. The results of the stability indicative studies demonstrated greater stability of nanocapsules than compared with free DHM, suggesting a protective the degradation of the nanostructure. The physicochemical characterization and the stability study of formulations demonstrated to be appropriate with nanometer diameter, positive zeta potential, the quantification of DHM close to the theoretical content, spherical morphology and uniform distribution of particles. The best conditions for storage of the suspensions without losing its physical and chemical characteristics during the period of 90 days was under refrigeration. The results showed that antimicrobial activity of the compound in the free form eliminate the microbial population in 12 hours while the nanocapsules containing DHM took 24 hours to remove the microbial population, extending up to 96 hours in a sustained manner. The antibiofilm activity of the formulations resulted in the eradication of biofilms both in free DHM formulations as in nanocapsules of DHM during the analyzed periods. However, within 96 hours the results of the inhibition of biofilm by DHM nanocapsules were more effective compared with free DHM, 67% of eradicating biofilm population. Thus, the formulation of nanocapsules DHM may be employed in the eradication of biofilms urinary catheters, it may be used as an innovative strategy. / As infecções hospitalares associadas à formação de biofilmes em cateteres urinários estão entre as principais causas de complicações devido à alta resistência antimicrobiana. Uma alternativa é a Dihidromiricetina (DHM), um composto flavonóide extraído principalmente da planta Ampelopsis grossedentata, uma videira do Sul da China, a qual te sido amplamente utilizada como uma espécie de chá saudável pela população. DHM tem demonstrado diferentes propriedades farmacológicas. Dentre elas destaca-se forte atividade antimicrobiana a diferentes microrganismos. Porém a DHM, possui baixa solubilidade lipídica, consequentemente baixa biodisponibilidade. A nanoencapsulação pode contribuir para a melhora das características de fármacos, pois aumento da solubilidade aparente, proteção contra toxicidade, aumento da atividade farmacológica e estabilidade, liberação sustentada e proteção contra degradações têm sido relatada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade da encapsulação e verificar sua influência sobre atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme em cateteres urinários frente a cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foi desenvolvido e validado um método analítico indicativo de estabilidade para quantificação de DHM em nanocápsulas através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. O método desenvolvido demonstrou-se linear, específico, preciso, exato e robusto para determinação de DHM em nanocápsulas poliméricas. Os resultados do estudo indicativo de estabilidade nas condições testadas demonstraram uma maior estabilidade da formulação de nanocápsulas de DHM quando comparada com DHM livre, sugerindo uma proteção da nanoestrutura frente às degradações. A caracterização físico-química e o estudo de estabilidade das formulações demonstraram-se adequadas com diâmetro nanométrico, potencial zeta positivo, teor próximo ao teórico, morfologia esférica e distribuição de partícula uniforme. A melhor condição para o armazenamento das suspensões sem perder suas características físico-químicas durante o período de 90 dias foi sob refrigeração. Os resultados da atividade antimicrobiana revelaram que o composto na forma livre eliminou a população microbiana em 12 horas enquanto as nanocápsulas contendo DHM levaram 24 horas para eliminar a população microbiana, estendendo-se até 96 horas de forma sustentada. A atividade antibiofilme das formulações resultou na erradicação dos biofilmes tanto nas formulações de DHM livre quanto nas nanocápsulas de DHM durante os períodos analisados. No entanto, em 96 horas os resultados da inibição do biofilme pelas nanocápsulas de DHM foram mais efetivos quando comparados com DHM livre, erradicando 67% da população do biofilme. Sendo assim, a formulação de nanocápsulas de DHM poderá ser empregada na erradicação de biofilmes em cateteres urinários, podendo ser utilizado como uma estratégia inovadora.

Yes / We present hot melt extrusion (HME) for the design of floating multiparticulates. Metoprolol succinate was selected as the model drug. Our foremost objective was to optimize the components Eudragit® RS PO, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to balance both buoyancy and controlled release. Gas generated by sodium bicarbonate in acidic medium was trapped in the polymer matrix to enable floating. Eudragit® RS PO and PEO with sodium bicarbonate resulted in multiparticulates which exhibited rapid flotation within 3 minutes but inadequate total floating time (TFT) of 3 hours. Addition of HPMC to the matrix did not affect floating lag time (FLT), moreover TFT increased to more than 12 hours with controlled release of metoprolol succinate. Floating multiparticulates exhibited t50% of 5.24 hours and t90% of 10.12 hours. XRD and DSC analysis revealed crystalline state of drug while FTIR suggested nonexistence of chemical interaction between the drug and the other excipients. The assay, FLT, TFT and the drug release of the multiparticulates were unchanged when stored at 40 °C/75%RH for 3 months confirming stability. We present floating multiparticulates by HME which could be extrapolated to a range of other drugs. Our approach hence presents platform technology for floating multiparticulates.