Ο πρωταρχικός σκοπός αυτής της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη της επίδρασης του Ευρώ στο διεθνές εμπόριο των χωρών της Οικονομικής και Νομισματικής Ένωσης (ΟΝΕ) για τη περίοδο από το 1995 έως το 2007. Επιπλέον, εκτιμήθηκε η παραπάνω επίδραση και στο τομεακό εμπόριο, με την ανάλυση της επίδρασης του Ευρώ στους δέκα βασικούς τομείς της παραγωγής των παραπάνω οικονομιών. Συνοπτικά, τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της διατριβής δείχνουν ότι το εμπόριο αυξάνεται αρκετά για τις χώρες του Ευρώ σε σύγκριση με αυτό των άλλων χωρών του ΟΑΣΑ. Επίσης βρίσκεται ότι το Ευρώ όχι μόνο δεν προκαλεί εμπορική παρεκτροπή αλλά αυξάνει επίσης το εμπόριο των χωρών της ΟΝΕ με τον υπόλοιπο κόσμο. Επιπλέον, οι κλάδοι που επηρεάστηκαν περισσότερο από την εισαγωγή αυτού του κοινού νομίσματος είναι οι κλάδοι εντάσεως εργασίας. Από την άλλη, αν και υπήρχε αυξημένο εμπόριο μεταξύ των χωρών της Ένωσης πριν την εισαγωγή του Ευρώ, αυτή δεν ήταν η γενεσιουργός αιτία της δημιουργίας της. Τέλος, το Ευρώ υπήρξε ο σπουδαιότερος παράγοντας που εξηγεί την αύξηση της εξαγωγικής απόδοσης των χωρών της ΟΝΕ για την περίοδο 1995-2007. / The primary purpose of this PhD thesis is to study how the Euro affects the international trade of the countries of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) for the period from 1995 to 2007. Furthermore, the above effect is estimated and analyzed in the ten key sectors of production of these economies. In summary, the results of this thesis show that, trade increases considerably for the countries of the Euro compared with that of other OECD countries. Moreover, the Euro does not cause trade diversion. On the other hand, the sectors, which are most affected by the introduction of this common currency, are the labor-intensive ones. Although, before the introduction of the Euro, there was an increase in trade between the EU countries, this did not cause the creation of EMU. Finally, the Euro was the most important factor explaining the increase in export performance of EMU countries for the period 1995-2007.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-05Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:06:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000809759.pdf: 699772 bytes, checksum: 12bbc9afbc065a0d9b369f6f0e6d9d48 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação examina a crise grega de endividamento desencadeada a partir da chamada crise do subprime de 2008. A primeira parte do estudo se concentra na herança dos regimes autoritários que governaram a Grécia, entre 1930 e 1970. A seguir, são apresentadas duas visões distintas a respeito das causas do grande endividamento público grego, com grande contraste entre a visão oficial da troika (Comissão Europeia, Banco Central Europeu e FMI), responsável pelo plano de ajuste econômico imposto ao país; e a visão de economistas ligados ao Levy Institute of Economics. A partir disso, o estudo se volta para possíveis medidas que reduziriam o endividamento do país e esmiúça os detalhes do plano de reescalonamento da dívida grega, que envolveu medidas de austeridade e a maior operação de troca de títulos de dívida já feita. Conclui-se que as medidas adotadas foram suficientes para superar o problema do endividamento; no entanto, ao analisarmos detalhadamente a economia do país, notamos que os desequilíbrios e assimetrias de origem estrutural, produtiva, financeira e política, que levaram o país ao grande endividamento, ainda persistem / This dissertation examines the Greek debt crisis that followed the subprime crisis of 2008. The first part of this study focuses on the legacy left by the authoritarian regimes that ruled Greece between 1930 and 1970. Then, two different visions explaining the causes of the great public debt are presented, stressing the contrast between the official vision represented by the troika (European Commission, European Central Bank and IMF), responsible for the adjustment plan imposed on the country, and the vision of economists from the Levy Institute of Economics. Following that, the study examines possible alternatives to reduce the debt burden and the details of the debt write-off coordinated by the IMF that consisted in the enforcement of austerity measures and the biggest bond swap in history. The study concludes that the measures taken were enough to overcome the main problem – the excessive indebtedness – although the analysis of the economy shows that the structural, political, productive and financial imbalances and asymmetries that led the country to the debt still remain

As a consequence of asset purchases by the European Central Bank (ECB), longer-term yields in the euro area decline, and spreads between euro area long-term yields narrow. To assess spillovers of these recent financial developments, we use a Bayesian variant of the global vector autoregressive (BGVAR) model with stochastic volatility and propose a novel mixture of zero impact and sign restrictions that we impose on the cross-section of the data. Both shocks generate positive and significant spillovers to industrial production in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) and other non-euro area EU member states. These effects are transmitted via the financial channel (mainly through interest rates and equity prices) and outweigh costs of appreciation pressure on local currencies vis-á-vis the euro (trade channel). While these results represent general trends, we also find evidence for both cross-country heterogeneity of effects within the euro area and region-specific spillovers thereof. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

The main objective of this thesis was to map the logistics system coins and notes circulations in the Czech Republic and design a system of logistics activities in the exchange of cash money, when Czech Republic adopts the single European currency. The secondary aim was to describe the current currency exchange preparation and propose an optimization based on currency conversions in the past and in other states. The important was to get the information by structured interviews with technical staff Czech National Bank in Prague and with former director of the Czech National Bank in the Czech Budejovice. Based on the information was described distribution chain of cash money. Part of this thesis is devoted to the current issue of the introduction of the euro in the Czech Republic. The exchange of cash money is the most visible element of currency change. Also puts the greatest demands on the logistics management. Based on the information about the euro changeover in other states have been proposed recommendations for the Czech Republic.

This diploma thesis deals with the Maastricht convergence criteria and their fulfillment in the Czech Republic. The foundation and evolution of European Union and eurozone will be introduced in the theoretical part of the thesis. Also, the Maastricht convergence criteria will be described theoretically in this part. In the practical part, the GDP, export and import growth will be described since joining the European Union. Then, the fulfillment of the Maastricht convergence criteria will be defined. In the next chapter, there will be adumbrated the process of the adoption of euro currency in Slovakia.Then the slovak GDP, export and import growth will be described since joining the European Union and compared to the Czech Republic. The end of the thesis is focused on the people´s attitudes towards the adoption of euro currency in the Czech Republic.

This thesis deals with changing over to a new currency (euro) in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part focuses on the information about European integration and the establishment of the economic and monetary union. Further it explains Maastricht convergence criteria and finally summarizes the key milestones of integration of the Czech Republic into the EU. The practical part is devoted to the realization of the objectives of this thesis. The main objective deals with analysis of the convergence criteria in the Czech Republic. Secondary objects of this thesis solves the effect of adoption the euro for one thing on economic entities (consumers, companies and government) and for another the main changes in the activities of the Czech National Bank.

The aim of this master’s thesis was to create a component model of a door handle stiffener used by the Volkswagen concern, which can be used for crash computations. Also to tune its parameters the way, its behavior corresponds the most to the real part’s. In the theoretical part the current regulations of the Euro NCAP are presented, concerning the testing and evaluation of the passive safety of new vehicles. Attention is focused on the evaluation of the side impact barrier tests, where the effect of the door handle stiffener’s damage is reflected the most. Shown are the reasons for the effort to simulate the real behavior of the stiffener, the factors, which initialized the born of the studied problem. The practical part starts with the creation of the FEM mesh of the part based on its 3D CAD model, also describes the requirements for the mesh quality, as well as the used tools and methods. Further on investigated are the characters of real damages of the door handle area during side impacts, based on which the component tests are proposed for the validation of the simulation model. Experimental research consists of the stiffener’s testing for simple bend and twist loads, three specimens each. After the execution of the tests the results get compared with the corresponding simulations. Modifications are made on the model according to the acquired results: refinement of the FEM mesh, new material model usage with failure for shell elements and definition of real material characteristics for the used thermoplastics. The latest obtained simulation dependencies are compared with the measured values again, the results are evaluated at last.

The thesis addresses the points of interest related to establishing the euro currency in the Czech Republic by 2020. What are the connected costs and benefits? Is euro going to be a contribution to the Czech economy? The theoretical part describes the creation process of European monetary union. The paper then works with advantages and risks associated with euro. The main cost of membership in the eurozone being the loss of independent monetary policy and the loss of the exchange rate mechanism is estimated in range of 0.59 to 2.34 % of GDP. Comparing the direct costs and benefits then leads to a net loss for the Czech Republic. Mutual comparison is conducted between the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It is shown that the difference in economic progress between these two countries is statistically insignificant. Thus the thesis concludes that establishing the euro in the Czech Republic by 2020 would be of no benefit.

This thesis analyses the political economy of the decision of Italy and Germany to participate in the euro. The emphasis is on understanding the economic rationales employed in each country in support of euro membership. For Italy, the central argument is that Italy outsourced monetary policy management to the ECB in order to delimit deficient domestic policy making and import German monetary credibility. This transferred the costs of monetary orthodoxy to Europe, and the thesis briefly examines places where we might observe those costs. For Germany, the argument is that, out of respect for the national humiliation and shame of the Second World War, Germany shirked the possibility of unilaterally leading European monetary policy in favour of a European solution that suited German economic interests. German actors were aware of these economic benefits at the time.

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