En akties pris påverkas av många olika faktorer. Såväl företagets verksamhet som externa faktorer har betydelse för akties utveckling. Denna studie undersöker specifikt huruvida en oren revisionsberättelse påverkar priset på aktien. Vår problemformulering lyder: Påverkas aktiekursen av informationen i ett noterat aktiebolags orena revisionsberättelse? Syftet med vår studie är att redogöra för hur aktiekursen påverkas då ett noterat aktiebolags revisor skriver en oren revisionsberättelse. Studien visar också vad som eventuellt kan förklara denna påverkan. För att besvara vår problemformulering har vi undersökt de aktiebolag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen som har orena revisionsberättelser. Genom en kvantitativ studie har vi sedan studerat om, och i så fall hur, aktiemarknaden påverkas när ett bolag offentliggör sin orena revisionsberättelse. Studien präglas av ett positivistiskt synsätt, med vissa inslag av hermeneutik, då vi utifrån en större mängd observationer har undersökt sambandet mellan aktiekurs och en oren revisionsberättelse genom att testa våra hypoteser och ge en förklaring till det undersökta. Det hermeneutiska inslaget visar sig i den förståelse vi har försökt skapa för att förklara de samband som föreligger mellan den orena revisionsberättelsen och aktiekursen. Det deduktiva angreppssättet bygger upp vår studie, då vi utgår från en redan befintlig teori. Bland tidigare genomförda studier finns det både de som hävdar att vad som står i revisionsberättelsen har betydelse och påverkar aktiekursen och de som menar att det inte spelar någon roll. Denna studie är genomförd enligt en s.k. event study-modell där vi har beräknat abnormala avkastningar och genomfört hypotestest för att undersöka om våra antaganden om att den orena revisionsberättelsen har en negativ påverkan på aktiekursen är sanna och signifikanta. Vi har även genom att ställa upp diagram där vi gjort skillnad på olika orsaker, branscher, etc. försökt se om vi kan få någon förståelse för sambandet mellan den orena revisionsberättelsen och aktiekursen. Vi har ej sett några statistiska bevis för att det faktiskt existerar ett samband mellan en oren revisionsberättelse och aktiekursen. Detta hypotestest till trots har vi genom diagrammen kunnat se att aktiekursen påverkas olika beroende på innehållet i revisionsberättelsen. Vi kan se att anmärkningar och kommentarer som rör värderingar av tillgångar är vadsom har den mest negativa effekten på aktiekursen under vår tidsperiod. Studien visar att aktiekursen har störst negativ utveckling i bolag som sysslar med konsultverksamhet och att de negativa effekterna på aktiekursen är högre om den orena revisionsberättelsen är oväntad. Vi kan även se att de bolag som har en anmärkning i sin revisionsberättelse har en kraftigare negativ avkastning på sin aktiekurs, än de bolag som har en eller flera kommentarer. Samt att de bolag som har fler än en anmärkning har ett kraftigare fall på sin aktiekurs än de bolag som endast har en anmärkning. Vidare verkar det som om att marknaden justerar sig innan revisionsberättelsen blir offentlig. Detta tyder på att informationen läcker ut tidigare, eller att informationen ges innan tidpunkten för hela revisionsberättelsens offentliggörande.

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The credit rating industry is a global industry with only three major actors, Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch Ratings. The “big three” control the majority of the credit rating market and have powers, in the form of credit rating issuances, which they use to influence financial markets worldwide. Ever since their involvement in the fall of corporate giants in early 2000 and the financial crisis of 2008, the power and influence of the credit rating agencies, as well as questions regarding conflict of interest and transparency, have been a hot topic of debate.   The impact of credit ratings can be seen across multiple markets; however the focus of this study is on the stock market where every day investors can be affected. As Moody’s is one of the three largest CRAs in the world and is present worldwide, we apply their credit ratings when investigating the impact. Due to different characteristics of large and small markets, and since the US market is well studied; this study is conducted on the Swedish market. Thus, the aim of our study is to investigate the impact credit ratings from Moody’s have on the Swedish stock market and also, give a perspective on how the financial crisis of 2008 influences the potential impact.   We apply an event study method to isolate the events and measure the abnormal returns. To estimate the expected market return we use the market model on estimation periods of 60 to 120 days. The sample contains 71 individual credit rating changes from 17 firms listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange and considers all uncontaminated credit rating changes issued by Moody’s on the Swedish market during the time period of 1990 to 2012.   Empirical evidence showed that the Swedish stock market is susceptible to Moody’s negative credit ratings but almost unaffected by the positive credit ratings. These findings are in line with previous research of Holthausen & Leftwich (1986) amongst others. Still, the effects discovered were not prolonged and no clear difference in impact was found after 2008.

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Interorganizational alliances are widely recognized as critical to product innovation. A notable trend is the rapid growth of new product development (NPD) alliances between large, well-established firms and small, growing firms. This dissertation is comprised of two studies on the formation and termination of asymmetric new product development alliances. In study one I examine the factors that drive the changes in shareholder values of the partner firms. I develop and empirically test a model of short-term changes in shareholder values of larger and smaller firms involved in NPD alliances, using the event study methodology on data covering 167 asymmetric alliances in the information technology and communication industries. The model accounts for selection correction, potential cross-correlation across the residuals from the models of firm value changes for the larger and smaller firms, and unobserved heterogeneity. The results suggest that both the partners experience significant short-term financial gains, but there are considerable asymmetries between the larger and smaller firms with regard to the effects of alliance, partner and firm characteristics on the gains of the partner firms. The findings of this study have important implications for managers of both large and small firms. In study two I develop and test a framework of the determinants of new product alliance (NPA) terminations. The hypotheses for study two are tested on a unique database comprised of 401 new product alliances involving 24 pharmaceutical firms during 1990-2005. NPA terminations are modeled using Cox’s proportional hazard specification that accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity of firms with multiple NPAs, competing risks and ties among NPA duration times. The results suggest that NPA terminations are not made in isolation but are influenced by composition of the firm’s portfolio. The results also suggest that NPA terminations are predicted to a great extent by competition between alliances (i.e., product market rivalry) and competition within alliances (i.e., partner value). The findings of this study have important implications for managing a portfolio of new product partnerships.

After experienced two energy crises, the shock of oil price volatility has become more and more critical economically and strategically. In recent years, the phenomena of high demand, high oil production, and high price of oil have resulted in significant impact on economy and people¡¦s welfare in Taiwan. Two major suppliers are Chinese Petroleum Corporation (CPC) and Formosa Petrochemical Corporation (FPC) in Taiwan. Their responsive strategy become more challenging. To discuss this subject deeply, the event study is applied to understand how the differential price strategy influences their operation. Besides, the non-parametric method is also used to analyze the behavior of the competitive price. Empirical results indicate that after taking the measure of remaining price constant, total sales volume of CPC doesn¡¦t increase. In the other hand, total demand of FPC decreases as expected after increasing price. The results also show that CPC¡¦s operation becomes poorer, and FPC¡¦s operation becomes better. The reason behind FPC¡¦s success may be by expanding foreign market timely. However, the statement needs more data to prove it. Finally, two chosen strategic behaviors can¡¦t explain the price setting of unleaded gasoline, but Bertrand¡¦s statement may explain the phenomenon of price-cutting in 98 unleaded gasoline.

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Academically, the ex-dividend is a neutral event in stock market. It not only has no positive material influence on firms¡¦ value but also creates no real worth for shareholders. However, lots of prior studies indeed proved there is conspicuous abnormal return during the few of ex-dividend dates and advanced plenty of hypotheses to explain the ex-dividend effect. Based on these inferences, my study more focus on the different of ex-dividend effect on the IC industry and the individual IC enterprise with different attributes. The study period is from 1998 to 2007. The study targets are the ex-dividend events of the all IC firms in Taiwan stock market. After eliminating the samples with incomplete data and disagreement, the sum of samples is 318 ex-dividend events of the 80 firms. The result of my study has five points. First, the ex-dividend effect is existence in the IC industry and there is no distinct trend during the study period. Second, the IC design industry, IC manufacture industry and IC assembly and test industry have the apparently different ex-dividend effect. Third, the samples in the bullish market and with low PBR and MSCI weight have obviously better ex-dividend effect. Fourth, the samples with low earning growth ratio and middle stock dividend ratio have better ex-dividend effect, but not obviously. Finally, before the ex-dividend dates, the samples with low employee stock bonus ratio have better ex-dividend effect. After the ex-dividend dates, the samples with high employee stock bonus ratio contrarily have better ex-dividend effect.

This study mainly explores the declaration effect of Capital Reduction on stock price. The samples will be those listed companies which have declared the activity of Capital Reduction, and the sample period is from March 1, 2005 to August 31, 2007. We use multiple factors model (market return, stock volume variance, the net buy-and-sell ratio of foreign investment) with ADF, Ljung-Box Q and Ljung-Box Q2 to build our model, and then apply the method of event study to explain the declaration effect of Capital Reduction. As a result, this study exhibits Capital Reduction can not offer abnormal returns during the period of three days before the declaration and three days after.

<p>Syftet med den här magisteruppsatsen är att undersöka hur tillkännagivandet av företags-förvärv påverkar aktieavkastningen på ett uppköpande bolaget. Testet är begränsat till före-tag som enbart är listade på Stockholmsbörsen under perioden 1996 till 2005. För att testa onormal avkastning användes marknads modellen. Resultatet visade att tillkännagivandet av företagsförvärv har en signifikant effekt på avkastningen för aktien för det bolag som ska förvärva. Majoriteten av uppköpande bolag upplevde en negativ onormal avkastning under test perioden (100 dagar före tillkännagivandet och 100 dagar efter).</p> / <p>The purpose of this master’s thesis is to examine the effect a corporate takeover an-nouncement has on share prices for acquiring companies. The test will only involve com-panies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange during the period 1996 to 2005. To test the effect an announcement has, abnormal return for a period before and after the takeover announcement was calculated. The findings from the testing showed that takeover an-nouncements have a significantly impact on shareholder return. The majority of acquirers in the sample had negative average abnormal returns during the event period (100 days prior to the announcement and 100 day after).</p>