Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Lescura do Nascimento.pdf: 1938441 bytes, checksum: 8c031d4fee48e7e925438829d350ed22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-24 / Assisted human reproductive techniques have the objective to aid individuals with fertility difficulties. As a rule, several embryos are created when female gametes are fertilized in vitro. However, not all of such embryos are fit to be used in the same embryonic introduction procedure into the uterus. The surplus of such human embryos, better known as exceeding embryos, once in cryopreservation, experiment development suspension for undetermined period of time. As per Law 11.105/05 (Biosafety Law), all genitors of frozen embryos up to the date of its publication, even if such embryos are deemed unfeasible, as well as all genitors of frozen embryos at any other time, provided such embryos are also deemed unfeasible, have the faculty to offer such embryos to be used in stem cell research and for therapeutic procedures. Embryonic Adoption then appears as an option to such legal faculty or as a sole alternative to be exercised by the genitors of such exceeding embryos who are not entitled to that faculty, but are willing to allow such embryos to be born. In this new mode of adoption, embryos that are no longer part of their genitors parenting plans may be taken by other persons willing to provide them with conditions for gestation, birth, family and dignity / As técnicas de reprodução humana assistida visam prestar auxílio a pessoas que possuem dificuldades em estabelecer filiação. Quando gametas femininos são inseminados in vitro, em regra, vários embriões são criados. Entretanto, nem todos os embriões então surgidos são aproveitados em um mesmo procedimento de introdução embrionária no útero feminino. Esses embriões humanos excedentes, mais conhecidos como embriões excedentários, uma vez criopreservados, experimentam suspensão de seu desenvolvimento por tempo indeterminado. Pela Lei 11.105/05 (Lei de Biossegurança), todos os genitores de embriões congelados até a data de sua publicação, ainda que não considerados inviáveis, assim como todos os genitores de embriões congelados a qualquer tempo, desde que classificados como inviáveis, possuem a faculdade de ofertá-los a pesquisas e terapias com células-tronco. Como opção a essa faculdade concedida por essa lei, ou como única alternativa a ser exercida pelos genitores de embriões excedentários que não possuem tal faculdade, mas que não desejam lhes promover o nascimento surge a Adoção Embrionária. Nessa nova modalidade de adoção, embriões que não mais integram o projeto parental de seus genitores, podem ser acolhidos por pessoas que queiram lhes promover gestação, nascimento, família e dignidade

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Halmeman.pdf: 1179833 bytes, checksum: 64bd1e15425a905c181f5233403e74a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The object of this project was to verify the potential for the hydrogen production via water electrolysis by using the exceeding electrical energy resulting from the cogeneration process in alcohol and sugar plants. The studies were made from July to November/2007 in plants authorized by the ANEEL that use the sugar cane bagasse as fuel for the generation of thermal and electrical energy. The data were taken from each plant. The processing history of sugar cane for the last five years was verified and the calculations were made based on the values of the 2006/2007 harvest. The operation time of the plants was considered to be 202 days in average. The amount of sugar cane processed daily and the total of bagasse produced, electrical energy generated in a year and exceeding electrical energy were calculated for each plant. Along with the cost of the electrolysers, it was also obtained the energy consumption average value of 5.2 kWh to produce 1 Nm3 of hydrogen and a specific cost for the electrolysis plant that ranges from US$ 1,555 kW-1 to US$ 2,510 kW-1. The hydrogen production costs regarding the capacity of hydrogen production range from US$ 0.50 Nm-3 to US$ 0.75 Nm-3. The results show an increasing potential for the generation of exceeding electrical energy that can be used for the production of electrolytic hydrogen, since the costs for hydrogen production presented themselves to be similar to the ones found in other studies carried out, however, using other energy sources. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial de produção de hidrogênio via eletrólise da água, aproveitando a energia elétrica excedente, resultante do processo de cogeração nas usinas de açúcar e álcool. O estudo foi realizado no período de julho a novembro de 2007, em usinas autorizadas pela ANEEL que utilizam o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como combustível, para gerar energia térmica e elétrica. Os dados foram obtidos em cada usina. Verificou-se o histórico do processamento da cana-açúcar nos últimos cinco anos, sendo que os cálculos foram realizados com base nos valores da safra de 2006/2007. Considerou-se que o tempo de operação das usinas é, em média, 202 dias e foram calculados para cada usina: a quantidade de cana processada diariamente e o total de bagaço gerado, a energia elétrica gerada no ano e energia elétrica excedente. Com o custo dos eletrolisadores, obteve-se o valor médio de consumo de energia de 5,2 kWh para produzir 1 Nm3 de hidrogênio e o custo específico da planta de eletrólise de US$ 1,555 kW a US$ 2,510 kW. Os custos de produção do hidrogênio em função da capacidade de produção de hidrogênio são de US$ 0,50 Nm-3 a US$ 0,75 Nm-3. Os resultados apontaram que há um crescente potencial de geração de energia elétrica excedente que pode ser usada para produção de hidrogênio eletrolítico, visto que os custos de produção do hidrogênio apresentaram-se próximos aos encontrados em outros estudos realizados, porém utilizando-se outras fontes de energia.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Halmeman.pdf: 1179833 bytes, checksum: 64bd1e15425a905c181f5233403e74a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The object of this project was to verify the potential for the hydrogen production via water electrolysis by using the exceeding electrical energy resulting from the cogeneration process in alcohol and sugar plants. The studies were made from July to November/2007 in plants authorized by the ANEEL that use the sugar cane bagasse as fuel for the generation of thermal and electrical energy. The data were taken from each plant. The processing history of sugar cane for the last five years was verified and the calculations were made based on the values of the 2006/2007 harvest. The operation time of the plants was considered to be 202 days in average. The amount of sugar cane processed daily and the total of bagasse produced, electrical energy generated in a year and exceeding electrical energy were calculated for each plant. Along with the cost of the electrolysers, it was also obtained the energy consumption average value of 5.2 kWh to produce 1 Nm3 of hydrogen and a specific cost for the electrolysis plant that ranges from US$ 1,555 kW-1 to US$ 2,510 kW-1. The hydrogen production costs regarding the capacity of hydrogen production range from US$ 0.50 Nm-3 to US$ 0.75 Nm-3. The results show an increasing potential for the generation of exceeding electrical energy that can be used for the production of electrolytic hydrogen, since the costs for hydrogen production presented themselves to be similar to the ones found in other studies carried out, however, using other energy sources. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial de produção de hidrogênio via eletrólise da água, aproveitando a energia elétrica excedente, resultante do processo de cogeração nas usinas de açúcar e álcool. O estudo foi realizado no período de julho a novembro de 2007, em usinas autorizadas pela ANEEL que utilizam o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como combustível, para gerar energia térmica e elétrica. Os dados foram obtidos em cada usina. Verificou-se o histórico do processamento da cana-açúcar nos últimos cinco anos, sendo que os cálculos foram realizados com base nos valores da safra de 2006/2007. Considerou-se que o tempo de operação das usinas é, em média, 202 dias e foram calculados para cada usina: a quantidade de cana processada diariamente e o total de bagaço gerado, a energia elétrica gerada no ano e energia elétrica excedente. Com o custo dos eletrolisadores, obteve-se o valor médio de consumo de energia de 5,2 kWh para produzir 1 Nm3 de hidrogênio e o custo específico da planta de eletrólise de US$ 1,555 kW a US$ 2,510 kW. Os custos de produção do hidrogênio em função da capacidade de produção de hidrogênio são de US$ 0,50 Nm-3 a US$ 0,75 Nm-3. Os resultados apontaram que há um crescente potencial de geração de energia elétrica excedente que pode ser usada para produção de hidrogênio eletrolítico, visto que os custos de produção do hidrogênio apresentaram-se próximos aos encontrados em outros estudos realizados, porém utilizando-se outras fontes de energia.

資本市場之目的在於匯集社會游資, 供給企業營運所需資金, 進而促進經 濟成長。欲達此一目標則有賴於承銷制度之健全, 及承銷機能的有效運作 。本文乃是探討股票承銷中有關增資新股申購人是否享有預期超額報酬, 及承銷價影響因素。運用之理論基礎為Black-Scholes 選擇權訂價公式, 及探討公司價值之訊息理論。經過實證測試, 發現增資新股申購人的確享 有預期超額報酬。而訊息理論並不太適用於臺灣實務現象, 所列入探討的 因素中, 唯有總資產達到0.01的顯著水準, 現金增資比率達0.15的顯著水 準, 此或為訊息須經轉換之故。

Name: A governing body acting beyond its powers Recodification of civil law has changed the way in which business corporations have been acting. Governing body members are currently representing trade corporations as its representatives. This shift, which is that governing body members became the representatives of business corporations opened the possibility of discussion about the nature of authorization of governing body to act on behalf of the trade corporation and about the possibility of acting beyond its powers. My thesis was called "A governing body acting beyond its powers". I used as a base for this work the wide authorization that governing body possesses in acting on behalf of the trade corporation and its possible limitations by law. Work has been divided into following main chapters. In the chapter dedicated to the basic terms I wrote about the definiton of governing body, the legal capacity of a legal person and character of governing body acting on behalf of the trade corporation, which is according to me sui generis. Another chapter was devoted to the possibility of acting beyond its powers. Inner division of this chapter is based whether the consequences of acting beyond its powers applies only inside or outside as well. The chapter about the proper form of acts on behalf of trade...

Name: A governing body acting beyond its powers Recodification of civil law has changed the way in which business corporations have been acting. Governing body members are currently representing trade corporation as its representatives. This shift, which is that governing body members became the representatives of business corporations opened the possibility of discussion about the nature of authorization of governing body to act on behalf of the trade corporation and about the possibility of acting beyond its powers. My thesis was called "A governing body acting beyond its powers". I used as a base for this work the wide authorization that governing body possesses in acting on behalf of the trade corporation and its possible limitations by law. Besides governing body acting beyond its powers I focused in this work on two other types of acts that although they are done within its competence, aren't done in accordance with the law and the partnership agreement. Work has been divided into three main chapters. In the chapter about governing body acting beyond its powers I examined the possibility of governing body to act beyond its powers in relation to limitation of authorization that governing body possesses in acting on behalf of the trade corporation and the applicable law. Another chapter was...

本研究藉由整合相關之單一受試實驗研究結果來探討行為改變技術對學業行為影響之效果。研究中用來計算效應量的方法有兩種：未重疊資料百分率（Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data, PND）、超過基線中點資料百分率（Percentage of Data Points Exceeding the Median of Preceding Baseline Phase, PEM）。為了檢視超過基線中點資料百分率方法應用在單一受試實驗研究統合分析上之可行性，本研究以各原研究作者之判斷為效標，對超過基線中點資料百分率與未重疊資料百分率之效度進行比較。 一共有98篇單一受試實驗研究納入統合分析。實驗的介入處理共分成：1.電腦輔助教學、2.合作學習、3.精熟學習、4.增強、5.自我控制訓練、6.情境學習、7.社會學習、8.策略教學、9.其他。研究顯示各種介入處理對於受試的學習行為皆產生正向效果。此外，超過基線中點資料百分率方法亦獲得支持適用於單一受試實驗研究之量化統合分析。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of behavioral modification on academic behaviors by aggregating relevant conclusions of primary single-subject researches. Two approaches are used to generate estimations of effect sizes: the PND (Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data) approach, and the PEM (Percentage of Data Points Exceeding the Median of Preceding Baseline Phase). To test the applicability of the PEM approach, the validity of the PEM scores is compared with that of the PND scores by using the judgments of original authors as a validity criterion. A total of 98 studies are reviewed. Treatments include (a) computer assisted instruction; (b) cooperative learning; (c) mastery learning; (d) reinforcement; (e) self-control training; (f) situated learning; (g) social learning; (h) strategy instruction; and (i) others. Results indicate that all kinds of interventions produce positive effects on participants’ academic behaviors. In addition, the PEM approach is shown to be an appropriate method for a quantitative synthesis of single-subject researches.

本研究使用PND和PEM對106篇單一受試研究進行後設分析，藉以了解實驗處理對於搗亂行為的影響效果。當研究者以原作者對於實驗處理效果的判斷作為效標時，使用PEM進行後設分析的效度是可以被接受的。本研究並分析實驗處理、研究特徵和受試者特徵與處理效果的關係，獲得下列研究結果：1.不同的實驗處理對降低搗亂行為有不同影響效果；2.研究設計、治療者身分、實驗情境、性別、受試者症狀特徵、搗亂行為種類對實驗處理效果有顯著影響。本研究建議學校人員接受有關於矯正搗亂行為的行為改變技術訓練是必要的，教師如能在教室活動中發展合適的課程和教導學生適當的溝通反應將有助於降低搗亂行為。 / A meta-analysis of 106 single-subject studies was conducted utilizing the PND and PEM approaches to investigate treatment effectiveness in reducing disruptive behavior. The validity of the PEM approach was acceptable based on original authors’ judgments of treatment effect. Variables were analyzed for covariation between treatment effectiveness and interventions, study characteristics, and subject characteristics. The following results were obtained: (a) interventions had significant influence on treatment effectiveness; (b) study design, intervenor, setting, sex, diagnosis, and target behaviors showed systematic relation to treatment outcomes. Suggestions are made that it is necessary for staff in schools to receive adequate training in treating disruptive behavior with the use of behavior modification techniques, and it is potentially useful for the reduction of disruptive behavior if teachers develop suitable curriculum and teach appropriate communicative responses in classroom activities.