Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1930. / Vita. Published also as Teachers college, Columbia university, Contributions to education, no. 395. Bibliography: p. 98-101.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--California School of Professional Psychology, Alameda, 1996.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1930. / Vita. Published also as Teachers college, Columbia university, Contributions to education, no. 423. Bibliography: p. 155-171.

Thesis (PH. D.)--Columbia university, 1930. / Vita. Published also as Teachers college, Columbia university, Contributions to education, no. 395. Bibliography: p. 98-101.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-135). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

In 1928, Dr. E. K. Wickman published the results of a study of the attitudes of 511 Cleveland teachers to students’ behaviour problems. Wickman's results indicated that the attitudes of the teachers were almost in complete opposition to the attitudes of the thirty clinicians to whom the questionnaire was also administered. The chief objective of the B. C. study was to obtain a quantitative measurement of the average B. C. teacher's attitude toward the fifty behaviour problems on Wickman's questionnaire in order to compare the rank-order ratings of certain B. C. groups (male, female, city, rural; high, elementary) with one another and with the rank-order ratings obtained by Wickman’s teachers and Wickman's clinicians. The procedures utilized in the study in attaining the above objectives were: the construction of a fifty-four item B. C. questionnaire including the fifty original problems studied by Wickman in his investigation of teachers' attitudes to children's behaviour problems, the administering of the B. C. questionnaire to 838 B. C. school teachers and the use of 400 of the returns as a B. C. sampling. A comparison of the rank-order of the various groups of B. C. teachers indicates that there is a very close agreement in ratings. This fact is verified by the coefficients of correlation of the rank order arrangements between the various groups. These range from +.95 to +.97. The only significant differences in the rating of the fifty-four problems by the B. C. high school and elementary school teachers is found in the item dealing with: "Silliness, smartness, attracting attention", to which the average high school teacher assigns greater importance than does the average elementary school teacher. In general, the average B. C. high school teacher considers the list of problems to be slightly more serious, in an absolute sense, than does the average B. C. elementary school teacher. In the case of the B. C. male and B. C. female teachers the only significant differences in the rating of the fifty-four problems are found in items dealing with: "Untruthfulness" and "Heterosexual activity". In both cases the average female teacher assigns greater importance to the items than does the average male teacher. In an absolute sense, however, the average B. C. female teacher generally rates the list of problems as being considerably more serious than does the average male teacher. In the city and rural returns the only significant difference in the rating of the fifty-four problems is found in the item dealing with: "Carelessness", to which the average rural teacher assigns greater importance than does the average city teacher. In these two categories the rural teachers generally rate the list of problems as being slightly more serious, in an absolute sense, than do their city colleagues. A rank-order comparison of the final B. C. scores with those of the Wickman teachers indicates a positive correlation of .82. Although only fifteen of the fifty problems do not show a significant difference in rating, the B. C. teachers tend to fall into the typical teacher-attitude-pattern of the Wickman teachers in the seriousness- grouping of the problems. The comparison of the average B. C. teacher's rank-order scores with the rank-order of the Wickman clinicians indicates a positive correlation of .29. In all there are thirty-two items in which there are statistical differences between the two groups. In spite of this great variation in attitudes, the ratings of the B. C. teachers are much more closely in harmony with those of the clinicians that were the ratings of the Wickman teachers which showed a negative correlation. The four most important conclusions reached from the investigation were: (1) That there is a measurable movement towards the clinician’s ratings in the average B. C. teacher's attitude toward children's behaviour problems when the ratings of the 400 B. C. teachers are compared with the ratings of the 511 Wickman teachers. (2) That the average B. C. teacher generally rates as most serious those problems of an overt nature which transgress the teacher's moral sensibilities or frustrate her control over the learning situation and that the average B. C. teacher generally rates as less serious those problems of a recessive nature which affect only the welfare of the individual child. (3) That the average B. C. teacher has a better understanding of the relative importance of behaviour problems and a greater recognition of potential problem-behaviour than had the Wickman teachers. (4) That there is evidence that a much greater application of the principles of Child Psychology must be employed by the B. C. teachers in order to approach the standards advocated by mental hygienists. / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate

Ways to train and to aid the mentally deficient child to reach his maximum potential are now important problems that must be answered, for this atypical child is finding an increased acceptance into this world of the normal. The belief that all children should have guided and creative musical experience and that the mentally deficient child should be considered as a child first initiated this study. This thesis is a report of the work of the investigator and of the observations and findings which developed out of the project.

Il est historiquement prouvé que crise économique rime avec désorganisation des institutions. L’effort d’un encadrement juridique de la crise nous amène donc à constater une transformation flagrante des règles de droit émises pendant cette période. Dans le cadre du processus législatif, cette transformation se produit par le déclenchement des mécanismes exceptionnels. Ainsi, la législation de la crise consiste principalement à l’édiction des normes législatives par le pouvoir exécutif sur la base de son pouvoir législatif exceptionnel. A cet égard, l’exigence de flexibilité issue de la crise semble justifier une nouvelle répartition des pouvoirs. A l’origine de cette nouvelle répartition se trouve une tentative de faire passer à tout prix des mesures qui apporteront des bénéfices économiques, sauf que ces mesures s’étendent dans le champ des droits et libertés en imposant des restrictions considérables à leur jouissance. Face à cet ébranlement institutionnel, le juge constitutionnel reste souvent passif, en se limitant à un contrôle restreint des actes adoptés selon des procédures exceptionnelles. Ainsi, les problèmes financiers prennent un caractère vivement politique qui conduit le juge national à s’autolimiter pour ne pas s’immiscer dans les questions qui semblent constituer des choix politiques. La Grèce constitue un exemple emblématique de ce phénomène. Les réformes effectuées au cours de ces dernières années par les gouvernements grecs successifs touchent les domaines les plus cruciaux de la vie socioéconomique du pays. La grande majorité de ces réformes et, incontestablement les plus importantes parmi eux, sont fondées sur une législation d’exception / It is historically proven that economic crisis rhymes with disorganization of institutions. The effort of a legal definition and delimitation of the crisis leads to a blatant transformation of the legal rules issued during this period. As a part of the legislative process, this transformation takes place by the implementation of exceptional mechanisms to deal with emergencies. Thus, the legislation of the crisis consists mainly of the enactment of legislative norms by the executive power on the basis of its exceptional legislative power. In this context, the requirement of flexibility resulting from the crisis seems to justify a new division of powers. This redistribution is based in an attempt to pass at all costs measures which will bring economic benefits, except that these measures extend into the field of rights and freedoms by imposing considerable restrictions on their enjoyment. Faced with this institutional disruption, the constitutional judge often remains passive, limiting itself to a limited control of the acts adopted by exceptional procedures. Thus, the financial problems acquire a highly political character which leads the national judge to restrict himself so as not to interfere with the questions that seem to constitute political choices. Greece is an emblematic example of this phenomenon. The reforms undertaken in recent years by successive Greek governments affect the most crucial areas of the country's socio-economic life. The vast majority of these reforms, and undoubtedly the most important among them, are based on an exceptional legislation

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Over the last two decades a new theory has been developed and intensively investigated in quantum physics. The theory stipulates that a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian can also represents a physical system as long as its energy spectra can be purely real in certain regime depending on the parameters of the Hamiltonian. It was demonstrated that the reality of the eigenenergy was conditioned by a certain kind of symmetry embedded in the actual non-Hermitian system. Indeed, such systems have a combined reflection (parity) symmetry (P) and time-reversal symmetry (T), PT-symmetry. The theory opens the door to new features particularly in open systems in which there could be gain and/or loss of particle or energy from and/or to the environment. A key property of the theory is the PT-symmetry breaking transition which occurs at the exceptional point (EP). The exceptional points are special degeneracies characterized by a coalescence of not only the eigenvalues but also of the corresponding eigenvectors of the system; and the coalescence happens when the gain-loss strength, a measure of the openness of the system, exceeds the intrinsic energy-scale of the system. In recent years, quantum walks with PT-symmetric non-unitary time evolution have been realized in systems with balanced gain and loss. These systems fall in two categories namely continuous time quantum walks (CTQW) that are characterized by a unitary or non-unitary time evolution Hamiltonian, and discrete-time quantum walks (DTQW) whose dynamic is described by a unitary or non-unitary time evolution operator consisting of a product of shift, coin, and gain-loss operations. In this thesis, we investigate the PT-symmetric phase of CTQW and DTQW in a variety of non-Hermitian lattice systems with both position-dependent and position independent, parity-symmetric tunneling functions in the presence of PT-symmetric impurities located at arbitrary parity-symmetric site on the lattice. Moreover, we explore the topological phase diagram and its novel features in non-Hermitian, homogeneous and non-homogeneous, PT-symmetric DTQW with closed and open boundary conditions. We conduct our study using analytical and numerical approaches that are directly and easily implementable in physical experiments. Among others, we found that, despite their non-unitary evolution, open systems governed by parity-time symmetric Hamiltonian support conserved quantities and that the PT-symmetry breaking threshold depends on the physical structure of the Hamiltonian and its underlying symmetries.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18767号 / 理博第4025号 / 新制||理||1580(附属図書館) / 31718 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 岸本 大祐, 教授 加藤 毅, 准教授 浅岡 正幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM