I present photonics applications of PbS quantum-dot-doped (QD-doped) glasses. The dissertation consists of two major parts: bulk material applications (Cr:forsterite laser modelocking, bleaching dynamics, optical gain, and photoluminescence) and the fabrication of QD-doped ion-exchanged waveguides.When this work began, these PbS QD-doped glasses were the state-of-the-art in QD glasses due to their narrow size distribution. Modelocking of a Cr:forsterite laser using this glass as a saturable absorber had been demonstrated, with little understanding of the dynamics. This work began by studying the dynamics of the saturable absorber to explain the ps-pulse width.In the bulk measurements, I functioned as secondary researcher. In the laser modelocking and bleaching measurements, my contribution was laser cavity alignment, sample preparation, collecting autocorrelation traces, and aiding in the setup and data collection for the bleaching measurements. On this work, I coauthored one refereed journal article in Applied Physics Letters [1] and one refereed conference paper [2], for which I am third and second author, respectively.For the gain measurements, I aided in the setup and data collection, whereas I set-up and took most of the luminescence data. The gain measurements resulted in one second-author refereed journal article in Applied Physics Letters [3] and I presented the luminescence results at CLEO2000 [4].I took the lead role in the waveguide fabrication and characterization and authored refereed journal articles in Applied Physics Letters [5], Journal of Applied Physics [6], and Journal of the Optical Society of America B [7]. I also presented an invited talk at Photonics West [8] and presented at CLEO2004 [9]. Additionally, I have been a coauthor of presentations at the Nanotechnology Symposium (2006), American Ceramic Society [10], and Photonics Europe (2006) [11]. A book chapter in The Photonics Handbook, 2nd edition [12] also discusses this work.The next step is to focus on reducing the waveguide losses. This requires new, circular wafers with better surface quality and glass homogeneity. I suggest using silver-film ion exchange followed by a field-assisted burial to eliminate the surface interaction.

<p> β- and β"-gallates are analogs of β-Al2O3 family. K-β"-gallate was directly synthesized via solid state reaction with β-Ga2O3 (β-gallia) precursor. When α-Ga2O3 is used as starting material, K-β-gallate forms in spite of incorporation of aliovalent ions, i.e., Li+, Zn2+ and Cd2+. It is suggested that oxygen packing sequence in the Ga2O3 precursor plays an important role on the formation of K-β- or β"- gallates. β-Ga2O3 has the ABCABC oxygen packing sequence, similar to β"-gallate structure, thus β-Ga2O3 leads to form pure K-β"-gallate; α-Ga2O3 has the hexagonal structure with ABAB oxygen packing sequence. K-β-gallate forms around the α-Ga2O3 --> β-Ga2O3 phase transformation (≈700°C). This low reaction temperature negates the aliovalent ions to stabilize β"-structure when α-Ga2O3 precursor is employed.</p> <p> K-β- or β"-gallates show good ionic conductivity. Both can be fully ion-exchanged with Ba2+ and Sr2+. Sr-β-gallate is metastable and transforms to magnetoplumbite structure after annealing at 1200°C. But Ion-exchanged Ba-β-gallate is stable. Zn2+ doped Ba-β-gallate can be directly formed at 1300°C via solid state reaction.</p> <p> Mn2+ ion-exchanged K-β-or β"-gallates exhibit green photo luminescence. Mn2+ can also locate in the spinel block to confer green photo luminescence. Eu3+, Ce3+ and Eu2+ can not be ion-exchanged into the conduction plane of K-β-gallate. There is no luminescence observed for directly synthesized BaZnGa10O17 doped with Eu3+, Ce3+ and Eu2+ due to photoionization effect. When half Ga3+ is substituted by Al3+, directly formed BaZnAl5Ga5O17: Eu3+ shows red emission upon UV excitation (254nm). Blue emission of 485nm wavelength was observed for BaZnAl5Ga5O17: Eu2+.</p> <p> The structure of β- or β"-gallates was refined by Rietveld neutron powder diffraction. Zn2+ was detected on the Ga(2) site in β-K1.64Ga10.36Zn0.64O17. Extra K+ is balanced by Zn2+. K+ is distributed between BR (2(c)) and MO (6(h)) sites. Ba2+ was detected at MO sites, slightly shift from the BR sites in β-BaZnGa10O17. Extra K+ is also compensated by Zn2+ in β"-K1.67Ga10.33Zn0.67O17. In undoped K-β-gallate, VGa(1)Ga(5)i is introduced to balance extra K+. Extra K+ in undoped K-β"-gallate is supposed to be balanced by the formation of Ga+.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

The topology of interconnection networks plays a key role in the performance of parallel computing systems. A new interconnection network called exchanged crossed cube (ECQ) is proposed and analyzed in this paper. We prove that ECQ has the better properties than other variations of the basic hypercube in terms of the smaller diameter, fewer links, and lower cost factor, which indicates the reduced communication overhead, lower hardware cost, and more balanced consideration among performance and cost. Furthermore, it maintains several attractive advantages including recursive structure, high partitionability, and strong connectivity. Furthermore, the optimal routing and broadcasting algorithms are proposed for this new network topology.

No description available.

Neste trabalho foram produzidos filmes finos de Si[100]/buffer/NiFe/FeMn/Ta (buffer = Cu; Ta) e válvulas de spin de Si[100]/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta via Sputtering, e seus comportamentos magnéticos foram estudados analisando curvas de inversão de primeira ordem (First Order Reversal Curves, FORCs). Um Modelo de Preisach com Exchange-Bias foi desenvolvido e sua implementação computacional permitiu simular a histerese e as curvas forcas das bicamadas de NiFe/FeMn. O modelo também permitiu reproduzir os comportamentos assimétricos dos dois ramos da curva de histerese destes filmes. A análise dos resultados evidenciou os efeitos de campo médio sobre a camada de Py em função da espessura da camada de FeMn. A aplicação da análise FORC nas válvulas de spin se revelou interessante para estudar o grau de acoplamento entre as camadas livre e pressa, assim como os efeitos de campo médio em cada camada. / In this work, thin films of Si[100]/buffer/NiFe/FeMn/Ta (buffer = Cu; Ta) and spin valves of Si[100]/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta were produced via sputtering and their magnetic behavior were studied by First Order Reversal Curves (FORC\'s) analysis. A Preisach Model with Exchange-Bias was developed and applied in order to simulate the hysteresis and the first order reversal curves of the NiFe/FeMn bilayers. In addition, the model allowed to reproduce the asymmetric behaviors present in both branches of the hysteresis curve in these films. The study put in evidence the mean field effects on de Py layer as a function of the thickness of the FeMn layer. The application of the FORC analysis in the spin valves was interesting to study the degree of coupling between the free and the pressed layers, as well as the effect of mean field in each layer.

Neste trabalho foram produzidos filmes finos de Si[100]/buffer/NiFe/FeMn/Ta (buffer = Cu; Ta) e válvulas de spin de Si[100]/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta via Sputtering, e seus comportamentos magnéticos foram estudados analisando curvas de inversão de primeira ordem (First Order Reversal Curves, FORCs). Um Modelo de Preisach com Exchange-Bias foi desenvolvido e sua implementação computacional permitiu simular a histerese e as curvas forcas das bicamadas de NiFe/FeMn. O modelo também permitiu reproduzir os comportamentos assimétricos dos dois ramos da curva de histerese destes filmes. A análise dos resultados evidenciou os efeitos de campo médio sobre a camada de Py em função da espessura da camada de FeMn. A aplicação da análise FORC nas válvulas de spin se revelou interessante para estudar o grau de acoplamento entre as camadas livre e pressa, assim como os efeitos de campo médio em cada camada. / In this work, thin films of Si[100]/buffer/NiFe/FeMn/Ta (buffer = Cu; Ta) and spin valves of Si[100]/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta were produced via sputtering and their magnetic behavior were studied by First Order Reversal Curves (FORC\'s) analysis. A Preisach Model with Exchange-Bias was developed and applied in order to simulate the hysteresis and the first order reversal curves of the NiFe/FeMn bilayers. In addition, the model allowed to reproduce the asymmetric behaviors present in both branches of the hysteresis curve in these films. The study put in evidence the mean field effects on de Py layer as a function of the thickness of the FeMn layer. The application of the FORC analysis in the spin valves was interesting to study the degree of coupling between the free and the pressed layers, as well as the effect of mean field in each layer.

交易標的物，可分為物、勞務、權利。在過去，智慧財產等權利的價值，往往透過物或勞務之交易才能間接地展現。如今在智慧財產日益重要之知識經濟中，以智慧財產直接作為交易標的物的商業模式，愈趨頻繁。此一直接智財交易之相關會計及租稅問題，值得進行體系化研究。本研究旨在分析直接智財交易可能產生的營利事業所得稅問題。本研究將直接智財交易分為權利買賣讓與（所有權移轉）、權利的融資擔保（價值權）及權利的使用收益(用益權)，針對各項爭點，分析問題形成的原因及可能造成的影響，並提出解決之道。 本研究分析後發現，目前稅法體系僅能掌握間接智財交易，因此未來修法時應將直接智財交易明文納入所得稅法體系之中。其次，智財交易多為跨國交易，但因與台灣訂有租稅協定的國家為數不多，為避免重複課稅，本研究建議對於來源地認定，應採取「經濟關聯」的認定標準。再者，針對著作權設質融資，由於著作權欠缺公示制度，本研究認為可能造成誤將讓與擔保當成買賣讓與而不公平地課徵所得稅，因此建議將讓與擔保分別處理。最後，對於智財作價入股之課稅時點，本研究認為，應依新創事業創立與為犒賞員工之目的分別處理，並依本研究所提出之指標個案認定。 / Objects of transactions can be tangible property, labor service, and rights. Intellectual property (IP) as right used to manifest its value most indirectly through transactions of tangible property and labor service. In a knowledge-based economy where IP becomes more important than ever before, business models based on direct transactions of IP have gained more popularity. As a result, a systematic research on accounting and taxation issues of IP transactions is urgent. This study aims to examine corporate income tax issues related to sales, collateral-based financing, and usufructs in direct IP transactions. After analyzing potential controversies and their causes and effects, the study proposes some feasible solutions to such disputes. The analysis shows that the existing income tax system does not apply well to direct IP transactions, and such transactions should be considered in future amendments of the Income Tax Act. Next, as IP transactions are usually involved in cross-border transactions and potentially subject to double taxation, given the fact that Taiwan has tax treaties only with a few countries, this study suggests identification of income origin be based on the economic connection so as to avoid unfair double taxation. Thirdly, as copyright lacks a public disclosure system and hence a copyright-backed financing deal may be mistakenly treated as sales rather than transfer guaranty and be unfairly taxed, this study suggests a separate treatment for such transactions. Finally, regarding taxation on stocks exchanged for IP, this study suggests differentiating the timing of taxation for encouraging new venture formation from that for rewarding employees, based on certain proposed criteria.

Les isolateurs optiques sont des composants non-réciproques très important dans les systèmes de télécommunication optique. Actuellement les composants commercialisés sont tous discrets, à cause de la difficulté d’intégration des matériaux magnéto-optiques avec les technologies de l’optique intégrée. L’objectif de ma thèse était d’ouvrir une nouvelle voie technologique pour aboutir à une telle intégration. Pour cela nous avons développé une approche basée sur l’utilisation d’un matériau magnéto-optique composite complètement compatible avec la technologie d’échange d’ions sur verre. Ce matériau est élaboré par la voie sol-gel organique-inorganique et dopé par des nanoparticules magnétiques de ferrite de Cobalt (CoFe204). Il a montré des potentialités très prometteuses, illustré par une rotation Faraday spécifique de 420°/cm (@1550nm). Ce composite est déposé par la méthode dip-coating sur un guide fait par échange ionique d’Ar+/Na+, avec des extrémités enterrées par la méthode d’enterrage sélective pour faciliter le couplage-découplage de la lumière dans la structure hybride. Enfin, un traitement thermique (<100°C) et un traitement UV compatibles avec le procédé d’échange d’ions sur verre sont appliqués sur le dispositif pour finaliser la couche magnéto-optique. La caractérisation optique de notre dispositif a montré une bonne distribution de la lumière entre la couche magnéto-optique et le guide fait par échange d’ions (un bon confinement latéral). De plus, l’application d’un champ magnétique longitudinal au composant a permis de démontrer une valeur de conversion de mode TE-TM qui correspond bien à la quantité de la lumière confinée dans la couche magnéto-optique et la biréfringence modale de la structure. Donc, le but principal de la thèse est atteint, et ces résultats montrent la faisabilité d’un convertisseur de mode TE-TM compatible avec la technologie d’optique intégrée sur verre / Optical isolators are essential nonreciprocal devices used in optical communication systems. Currently, these components are commercially available but only in bulk form, due to the difficulties to embed magneto-optical materials with integrated classical technologies. To overcome this problem, our group has developed a new approach based on composite magneto-optical matrix that is fully compatible with ion-exchanged glass waveguide technology. This material is developed by organic inorganic sol-gel process and doped by magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4). Such a magneto-optical composite matrix has shown promising potentialities illustrated by a specific Faraday rotation of 420°/cm (@1550nm). Using dip-coating technique, a composite layer was coated on a glass substrate containing straight channel waveguide made by a silver/sodium ion exchange. The extremities of the guides were previously buried using selective buried method in order to facilitate coupling-decoupling of light in hybrid structure. Last, a soft annealing (<100°C) and UV treatment, both compatible with the ion-exchanged process, have been implemented to finalize the magneto-optical film. Optical characterization demonstrated a good distribution of light between the magneto-optical thin film and the ion-exchanged waveguide (good lateral confinement). Furthermore TE to TM mode conversion has been observed when a longitudinal magnetic field is applied to the device. The amount of this conversion is in good agreement with the distribution of light between the layer and the guide obtained by numerical calculations, and the modal birefringence of the structure. So, the aim of my thesis is achieved and the results demonstrate the feasibility of TE to TM mode converter fully compatible with glass integrated optics