No description available.

Pneumatosis intestinalis, air within the bowel wall, continues to have an elusive etiology due to its varied clinical presentation and associated disease processes. Pneumatosis may be an incidental finding on a routine CT Scan or it could present as peritonitis with intra-abdominal free air. The pathogenesis, therefore, is likely to be multifactorial rather than directly related to one particular, inciting pathology. Here we present a case of a 73-year-old male scheduled for a non-emergent incisional hernia repair who was found to have peritoneal free air without physical exam findings of peritonitis. This unusual case illustrates a rare presentation of small bowel, omental, and abdominal wall pneumatosis. The objective of this presentation is to broaden the clinician’s understanding of pneumatosis intestinalis, including a recommendation to discern the underlying illness as emergent or benign. Finally, we make the case for clinical intuition and the physical exam.

This diploma thesis maps the analysis of the drinking regime of Pavel Jozef Šafárik University students in Košice. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey. All the students of this university took part in the survey. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with the drinking regime in the first chapter. The second chapter describes water, its quality, function and metabolism. Bottled water, fruit juices and ionic beverages are also described in the thesis. The following chapters deal with milk, coffee, tea and alcoholic beverages. The last, the seventh chapter, describes the excretory system. It mainly focuses on kidneys, urinary tract and urine. The results of the research show that the half of the students thinks they do not respect the drinking regime because, according to them, they drink only when they feel thirsty. However, according to the result in question 2, more than the half of the students drink daily the necessary amount of fluids regularly during the day. Most students drink drinking water from the water supply, which is the most suitable liquid for drinking. 60% of interviewed students drink alcohol, mostly wine. 65% of students, which that is 272, drink coffee. According to the results, they drink mostly one cup a day. This diploma thesis is suitable for comparing the other results at another university.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-12T12:29:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianemarquesfelicissimo.pdf: 1079943 bytes, checksum: a9e0f1d1f97912241b0c7d91e6ed9aeb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:17:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianemarquesfelicissimo.pdf: 1079943 bytes, checksum: a9e0f1d1f97912241b0c7d91e6ed9aeb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianemarquesfelicissimo.pdf: 1079943 bytes, checksum: a9e0f1d1f97912241b0c7d91e6ed9aeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-11 / Legítima representante do rol de doenças tropicais negligenciadas, a esquistossomose causada pelos trematódeos do gênero Schistosoma spp. constitui uma enfermidade endêmica em 78 países, impondo grandes desafios à saúde das populações afetadas. Atualmente, a ausência de uma vacina eficaz reforça o papel da quimioterapia como o pilar do controle da morbidade e transmissão, a qual permanece restrita e ameaçada pela eminência de cepas resistentes ao praziquantel. Nos últimos anos, esforços vêm sendo empreendidos na tentativa de descobrir novos fármacos esquistossomicidas, com notável contribuição dos produtos naturais. Neste contexto, o flavonóide Licochalcona A - marcador quimiotaxonômico da espécie Glycyrrhiza inflata – que detém atividades biológicas diversas, como anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antiprotozoária para espécies de Leishmania spp. e Plasmodium spp., demonstrou atividade esquistossomicida promissora em um estudo preliminar, sendo considerado o objeto do presente estudo. Desta forma, a proposta foi avaliar a progressão da esquistossomose mansônica em camundongos Swiss frente ao tratamento com LicoA, além de obter mais informações acerca de sua atividade contra vermes adultos in vitro. Após um período de 24 horas de incubação, a LicoA a partir de 50µM foi capaz de causar o escurecimento do tegumento dos vermes, a perda moderada da motilidade e áreas de intumescimento corporal. Além disso, produziu pontos de retenção do corante resorufin e consequentemente, a descontinuidade na marcação dos principais túbulos e ramos do sistema excretor dos esquistossomos. Este último pode ser a origem dos demais efeitos, contribuindo para o entendimento das potenciais influências da droga sobre receptores e/ou enzimas presentes nos esquistossomos. Além disso, a suposta inibição parcial das SmATPDases pode igualmente contribuir para o insucesso do parasitismo. Nos ensaios in vivo, o esquema de 50mg/Kg em duas doses administrado por via intraperitoneal foi o mais promissor, alcançado uma mediana de 25% da redução da carga parasitária e o maior deslocamento hepático dos vermes. Por outro lado, a droga não induziu alterações no oograma qualitativo ou no peso hepático e esplênico, mostrando relativa inércia sobre a cinética de oviposição. Mais estudos devem ser conduzidos para acumular evidências sobre o efeito esquistossomicida da Licochalcona A, principalmente os que contemplem um maior número de animais e de parâmetros analisados, como por exemplo, o perfil de citocinas e quimiocinas in vivo, além de outras metodologias in vitro e o aprimoramento daquelas que foram aqui empregadas, de modo a fornecer mais detalhes sobre a influência da LicoA em alguns sistemas intrínsecos ao parasito. / Schistosomiasis, one significant neglected tropical disease, is an infection caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma spp. it is endemic in 78 countries, being a major public health challenge. Currently, the absence of an effective vaccine supports the chemotherapy as the mainstay of schistosomiasis control programs. However, the chemotherapy has limitations, such as, the emergence of praziquantel-resistant strains. In recent years, attempts to discover new antischistosomal drugs had remarkable contribution of natural products. In this context, the flavonoid Licochalcona A - chemotaxonomic marker of the specie Glycyrrhiza inflata - has several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-protozoan against species of Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp. Moreover, Licochalcona A showed promising schistosomicidal activity in a preliminary study. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of schistosomiasis in Swiss mice treated with LicoA and it activity against adult worms in vitro. After 24 hour incubation, concentrations from 50μM LicoA caused tegument darkening, moderate loss of motility and areas of swelling body. Moreover, the exposure to the compound produced accumulation of resorufin and hence the discontinuity in the labelling of the main branches and tubules in the excretory system of schistosomes. The latter may be the source of other effects, contributing to the understanding of the potential influence of the drug on receptors and / or enzymes in schistosomes. In addition, the alleged partial inhibition of SmATPDases can also contribute to the failure of parasitism. In vivo tests, the 50 mg/kg schedule of two doses administered intraperitoneally were the most promising reached a median 25% reduction of worm burden and increased hepatic displacement of the worms. Moreover, the drug did not induce changes in the qualitative or oogram liver and spleen weight relative inertia about showing the kinetics of oviposition. Further studies should be conducted to collect evidence on the effect of schistosomicidal Licochalcona A, especially those that consider a larger number of animals and analyzed parameters, such as the profile of in vivo cytokines and chemokines, and other in vitro methods and the improvement of those who were employed here in order to provide more details on the influence of LicoA in some systems intrinsic to the parasite.

Fascioloides magna (giant liver fluke) is a digenetic trematode with two-host life cycle and high veterinary importancy. Typical definitive host is a deer (Cervidae), but many other species from different families can be accidentally infected, for example sheep, goat or cattle. Very important role in the life cycle of F. magna has the first host - fresh water snail of the family Lymnaeidae. Three different life stages of F. magna, two of them with ability of reproduction - sporocysts and rediae develop in the body of snail. The third stage - cercaria is produced by rediae. Cercariae are able to escape from the snail, encyst and become infective for the definitive host. Since the second half of the 19th century many researchers studied the development of particular stages in the first intermediate host, but many characteristics of this process are still not fully understood. This thesis should reveal some of unanswered questions concerning to the reproduction and ontogenetic development of trematodes, which is presented on the examples of three organ systems - muscles, nerves and excretory system of rediae and cercariae of F. magna.

No description available.