Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-13T11:01:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 catia_borges_ferreira.pdf: 412834 bytes, checksum: 40122e3e956bdcbc843271a59c4c3b02 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-13T11:01:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 catia_borges_ferreira.pdf: 412834 bytes, checksum: 40122e3e956bdcbc843271a59c4c3b02 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-13T11:02:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 catia_borges_ferreira.pdf: 412834 bytes, checksum: 40122e3e956bdcbc843271a59c4c3b02 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-13T11:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 catia_borges_ferreira.pdf: 412834 bytes, checksum: 40122e3e956bdcbc843271a59c4c3b02 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a redu??o dos n?veis de prote?na bruta (PB) e a suplementa??o de amino?cidos industriais para frangos de corte, tipo caipira, a fim de determinar suas exig?ncias para este nutriente. Foram realizados quatro ensaios, abrangendo as fases iniciais (um a 21 dias), crescimento I (22 a 42 dias), crescimento II (43 a 56 dias) e final (57 a 70 dias). Em cada ensaio, 630 machos de linhagem Colonial com idade correspondente ? fase de cria??o foram alojadas nas instala??es experimentais constitu?das por 30 boxes e piquetes. Todos os boxes dispunham de ?rea coberta e ?rea de pastejo. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repeti??es de 21 aves cada. Os n?veis de redu??o da PB avaliados foram: 21,5; 21,0; 20,5; 20,0 e 19,5% (fase inicial); 19,0; 18,5; 18,0; 17,5 e 17% (fase crescimento I); 17,5; 17,00; 16,5; 16,0 e 15,5% (fase crescimento II); 17,0; 16,5; 16,0; 15,5 e 15,0% (fase final). Foram avaliadas as caracter?sticas de desempenho (ganho em peso, consumo de ra??o e convers?o alimentar), de carca?a (peso e rendimento de carca?a e de cortes nobres) e de qualidade da carne (cor, luminosidade, capacidade de reten??o de ?gua, perda de peso por cozimento e maciez objetiva). Os n?veis de PB para frangos de corte tipo caipira podem ser reduzidos para 19,5% para a fase inicial e 17% para a fase de crescimento I, desde que seja feita a suplementa??o de amino?cidos. Para as fases crescimento II e final n?o s?o necess?rios mais que 15,5 e 15,0% de PB, respectivamente, por n?o acarretar em baixo desempenho e rendimento de carca?a e cortes, desde que seja atendida a rela??o ideal dos amino?cidos essenciais com a lisina digest?vel. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction of crude protein (CP) and industrial amino acid supplementation for broilers hillbilly type in order to determine their requirements for this nutrient. Four experiments were conducted, covering the initial stages (one to 21 days), growth I (22 to 42 days), growth II (43 to 56 days) and final (57 to 70 days). In each trial, 630 broilers males Colonial lineage corresponding to the phase were housed in experimental facilities consisted of 30 boxes and paddocks. Each box had a covered area and grazing area. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and six replicates of 21 birds each. The reduction levels of CP were: 21.5, 21.0, 20.5, 20.0 and 19.5% (initial phase), 19.0, 18.5, 18.0, 17.5 and 17% (growth phase I), 17.5, 17.0, 16.5, 16.0 and 15.5% (growth phase II), 17.0, 16.5, 16.0, 15.5 and 15.0% (final phase). We evaluated the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion), carcass (weight and carcass yield and prime cuts) and meat quality (color, brightness, water holding capacity, loss of weight cooking and objective tenderness). The CP levels for broilers hillbilly type can be reduced to 19.5% for the initial phase and 17% for stage growth I, provided it is done the amino acid supplementation. For growth II and final phases is not need more than 15.5 and 15.0% CP, respectively, for not result in poor performance and carcass yield and cuts, provided it is done in proper supplementation of essential amino acids relative to lysine.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Priscila de Andrade Massi.pdf: 1544991 bytes, checksum: 0aa0d9a3ed5ea1374208ba33e49177d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / They were used three hundred slow-growing broilers from 35 to 70 and 35 to 84 days of age, and three hundred fast-growing broilers from 28 to 49 days of age to evaluate the effects of the energy levels on performance, carcass characteristics and economic indicators of broilers raised in a free-range system.The experimental design was the completely randomised with five levels of metabolizable energy and four replications of fifteen each. The slow-growing broilers, from 35 to 75 days age, had linear reduction on feed consumption with the increase of the metabolizable energy levels. The metabolizable energy levels influenced in a quadract form the feed:gain ratio, being estimated in 3046 kcal/kg of the diet the level that would result in the best feed:gain ratio (2,648). From 35 to 84 days of age, the metabolizable energy level affected in a linear form the feed consumption and the feed:gain ratio that reduced with the increase of the metabolizable energy level in the broilers diets. About the carcass characteristics, from 35 to 70 days age were observed quadract effects on the absolute weight of the hot carcass, the abdominal fat, the gizzard, the small intestine, and the live weight after fasting and on the relative weight of the gizzard and the feet. They were observed linear effects on absolute weights of the abdominal fat, the small intestine and on the small intestine length. From 35 to 84 days of age were observed linear increases in absolute and relative weight of the abdominal fat. The metabolizable energy levels did not affect the other studied parameters. From 35 to 70 days of age, the metabolizable energy levels influenced in a quadract form the cost for gain unit, being the gross margin average reduced in a linear way with the increase of the metabolizable energy level of the diet. From 35 to 84 days of age the cost for gain unit increased in a linear form with the increase of the metabolizable energy levels and the smaller level the metabolizable energy resulted in greater gross margin average. In relation of the fast-growing broilers was observed that the metabolizable energy levels affected the feed:gain ratio that improved in a linear form and the feed consumption that showed a quadract effect. They were observed linear increases in the live weight after fasting, the absolute weights of the hot carcass, the abdominal fat, the proventricle and the small intestine and in the relative weights of the abdominal fat and the gizzard. Quadract effects were observed in the carcass yeld, the absolute weights of the liver and the head with neck and in the relative weight of the liver. The metabolizable energy levels influence in a quadract form the cost for gain unit and the greater rate of the gross margin average was obtained with the level of 2900 kcal of ME/kg. / Foram utilizados 300 frangos de corte de crescimento lento nos per?odos de 35 a 70 e de 35 a 84 dias de idade, e 300 frangos de corte de crescimento r?pido no per?odo de 28 a 49 dias de idade para avaliar os efeitos dos n?veis de energia metaboliz?vel (EM) sobre o desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e indicadores econ?micos de frangos semiconfinados. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeti??es de quinze aves cada. Os frangos de crescimento lento apresentaram no per?odo de 35 a 70 dias de idade, redu??o linear no consumo de ra??o (CR) com o aumento dos n?veis de EM. Os n?veis de EM influenciaram de forma quadr?tica a convers?o alimentar (CA), o que permitiu estimar em 3046 kcal/kg de ra??o o n?vel que proporcionaria a melhor CA (2,648). No per?odo de 35 a 84 dias de idade, o n?vel de EM afetou de forma linear o CR e a CA que reduziram com o aumento de EM na ra??o dos frangos de corte. Quanto ?s caracter?sticas de carca?a, no per?odo de 35 a 70 dias de idade, foram observados efeitos quadr?ticos sobre os pesos absolutos da carca?a quente, da gordura abdominal, da moela, do intestino delgado e do peso vivo ap?s o jejum e sobre os pesos relativos da moela e dos p?s. Foram observados efeitos lineares sobre os pesos relativos da gordura abdominal e do intestino delgado e sobre o comprimento do intestino delgado. No per?odo de 35 a 84 dias de idade, foram observados aumentos lineares nos pesos absolutos e relativos da gordura abdominal. Os n?veis de EM n?o influenciaram os demais par?metros estudados. No per?odo de 35 a 70 dias, os n?veis de energia metaboliz?vel influenciaram de forma quadr?tica o custo por unidade de ganho (CPUG), tendo a margem bruta m?dia (MBM) reduzido linearmente com o aumento do n?vel de energia metaboliz?vel da ra??o. No per?odo de 35 a 84 dias de idade o CPUG aumentaram de forma linear com o aumento dos n?veis de energia metaboliz?vel e o menor n?vel de EM resultou em maior ?ndice de MBM. Quanto aos frangos de crescimento r?pido, observou-se que os n?veis de EM afetaram a CA que melhorou de forma linear e o CR que apresentou efeito quadr?tico. Foram observados aumentos lineares no peso vivo ap?s jejum, nos pesos absolutos da carca?a quente, da gordura abdominal, do proventr?culo e do intestino delgado, e nos pesos relativos da gordura abdominal e da moela. Efeitos quadr?ticos foram observados no rendimento de carca?a e nos pesos absolutos do f?gado e da cabe?a com pesco?o e no peso relativo do f?gado. Os n?veis de energia metaboliz?vel influenciaram de forma quadr?tica o CPUG e o maior ?ndice de MBM foi obtido com o n?vel de 2900 kcal/kg.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-05T12:33:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Eduardo Souza do Nascimento.pdf: 908640 bytes, checksum: 9ef6676bfe61693ebdd09c1f2b50590f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T12:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Eduardo Souza do Nascimento.pdf: 908640 bytes, checksum: 9ef6676bfe61693ebdd09c1f2b50590f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-19 / The experiment aimed to analyse the effects of the level of lysine in the ration on performance, carcass characteristics and economic indicators of broilers raised in a free-range system in the periods ranging 35 to 70 and from 35 to 84 days age. The experimental design was the completely randomised with five tretments and four repetitions of 15 broilers each. The treatments were constituted of the values of 0.680; 0.840; 1.000; 1.160 and 1.320% of total of lysine in the ration (0.586; 0.746; 0.906; 1.066 and 1.226% of digestible lysine). In the period form 35 to 70 days age the levels of lysine influenced the final live weight of the broilers and it was estimated the level in 1.130% which would afford the best final live weight (2630g). The level of 1.135% of lysine in the ration would result in a bigger gain of weight (1641g). The broilers presented a linear growth in the ration consumption and linear reduction in the efficiency of of lysine utilization with the increase of the lysine levels in the ration. It was estimated a value of 1.046% of total lysine (0,952% of diestible lysine) which would result in a best feed: gain ratio (2.98). In the period from 35 to 84 days age the following values were estimated: 1.189% of total lysine (1.095% of diestible lysine) to bigger live weight (3211g), 1.196% of total lysine (1.102% of diestible lysine) to bigger gain of weight (2220g) and 1.078% of total lysine (0.984% of diestible lysine) to best feed: gain ratio (3,28).The increasing levels of lysine in the ration resulted in a linear increase in the ingestion of lysine and linear reduction in the efficiency lysine utilization. In relation to the carcass characteristics of broilers slaughtered at 70 days age, quadractic effects on the live weight after fasting and on the absolute weight of the hot carcass, abdominal fat, breast, thigh+drumstick and wing were observed. The studied levels of lysine influenced quadracticly the yield of breast and back and the relative weight of abdominal fat and gizzard. The levels of lysine influenced quadracticly the breast and back yield and the relative weight of the abdominal fat and gizzard. Linear increases in the absolute weight of the back, heart, liver, cecos and feet and linear reduction in the absolute weight of the proventricle and in the relative weight of the small intestine were observed. In the period from 35 to 84 days age quadractic effects on the absolute weight of the hot carcass, carcass yield, breast thigh+drumstick and back, in the heart and in the small intestine were observed. Linear increases in the live weight after fasting, in the absolute weight of the wing and liver, in the breast and thigh+drumstick and a linear reduction in the relative weight of the proventricle were observed. The levels of lysine did not influenced the other studied parameters. It was estimated that the ration with the level of 1.160% of total lysine (1.066% of digestible lysine) determined the biggest rate of the gross margin average by liver weight and of the gross margin average by weight gain in both studied periods. After 35 days age it is recomended to the male broilers of slow growing raised in a free-range system ration with 1.135% of total lysine (1.041% of digestible lysine) and with 1.196% of total lysine (1.102% of digestible lysine) respectively, to the slaughter at 70 and at 84 days age. / O experimento teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos do n?vel de lisina na ra??o sobre o desempenho, caracter?stica de carca?a e indicadores econ?micos de frangos de corte machos de crescimento lento, criados em semiconfinamento, nos per?odos de 35 a 70 e 35 a 84 dias de idade. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeti??es de 15 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos pelos valores de 0,680; 0,840; 1,000; 1,160 e 1,320% de lisina total na ra??o (0,586; 0,746; 0,906; 1,066 e 1,226% de lisina digest?vel). No per?odo de 35 a 70 dias de idade, os n?veis de lisina influenciaram no peso vivo final dos frangos sendo estimado o n?vel de 1,130% de lisina total que proporcionaria o melhor peso vivo (2630g). Para o ganho de peso o n?vel de 1,135% de lisina total na ra??o resultaria no maior ganho de peso (1641g). Os frangos apresentaram aumento linear no consumo de ra??o e redu??o linear na efici?ncia de utiliza??o de lisina com o aumento dos n?veis de lisina na ra??o. Para convers?o alimentar foi estimado em 1,046% lisina total (0,952% de lisina digest?vel) o valor que proporcionaria a melhor convers?o alimentar (2,98). No per?odo de 35 a 84 dias de idade foram estimados os seguintes valores de: 1,189% de lisina total (1,095 de lisina digest?vel) para maior peso vivo (3211g), 1,196% de lisina total (1,102% de lisina digest?vel) para maior ganho de peso (2220g) e 1,078% de lisina total (0,984 de lisina digest?vel) para melhor convers?o alimentar (3,28). Os n?veis crescentes de lisina nas ra??es resultaram em aumento linear na ingest?o de lisina e em redu??o linear na efici?ncia de utiliza??o de lisina. Quanto ?s caracter?sticas de carca?a de frangos abatidos aos 70 dias de idade, foram observados efeitos quadr?ticos sobre o peso vivo p?s o jejum e nos pesos absolutos da carca?a quente, da gordura abdominal, do peito, coxa+sobrecoxa e asa. Os n?veis de lisina pesquisados influenciaram de forma quadr?tica no rendimento do peito e dorso e nos pesos relativos da gordura abdominal e da moela. Foram observados aumentos lineares nos pesos absolutos do dorso, cora??o, f?gado, cecos e p?s e redu??es lineares nos pesos absolutos do proventr?culo e nos pesos relativos do proventr?culo e intestino delgado. No per?odo de 35 a 84 dias de idade, foram observados efeitos quadr?ticos sobre o peso absoluto da carca?a quente, rendimento de carca?a, no peito, coxa+sobrecoxa e dorso, no cora??o e no intestino delgado. Foram observados aumentos lineares no peso vivo p?s-jejum, nos pesos absolutos da asa e f?gado, nos rendimentos de peito e coxa+sobrecoxa e uma redu??o linear no peso relativo do proventr?culo. Os n?veis de lisina n?o influenciaram os demais par?metros estudados. Foi estimado que a ra??o com o n?vel de 1,160% de lisina total (1,066% de lisina digest?vel) determinou os maiores ?ndices de margem bruta m?dia por vivo e de margem bruta m?dia por ganho de peso, nos dois per?odos estudados. Para frangos de corte machos de crescimento lento e criados em semiconfinamento, recomenda-se ? partir dos 35 dias de idade, ra??o com 1,135% de lisina total (1,041% de lisina digest?vel) e com 1,196% de lisina total (1,102% de lisina digest?vel), respectivamente, para o abate aos 70 e aos 84 dias de idade.