Evacuation planning for private-sector organizations is an important consideration given the continuing occurrence of both natural and human-caused disasters that inordinately affect them. Unfortunately, the traditional management approach that is focused on fire drills presents several practical challenges at the scale required for many organizations but especially those responsible for national critical infrastructure assets such as airports and sports arenas. In this research we developed Exitus, a comprehensive decision support system that may be used to simulate large-scale evacuations of such structures. The system is unique because it considers individuals with disabilities explicitly in terms of physical and psychological attributes. It is also capable of classifying the environment in terms of accessibility characteristics encompassing various conditions that have been shown to have a disproportionate effect upon the behavior of individuals with disabilities during an emergency. The system was applied to three unique test beds: a multi-story office building, an international airport, and a major sports arena. Several simulation experiments revealed specific areas of concern for both building managers and management practice in general. In particular, we were able to show (a) how long evacuations of heterogeneous populations may be expected to last, (b) who the most vulnerable groups of people are, (c) the risk engendered from particular design features for individuals with disabilities, and (d) the potential benefits from adopting alternate evacuation strategies, among others. Considered together, the findings provide a useful foundation for the development of best practices and policies addressing the evacuation concerns surrounding heterogeneous populations in large, complex environments. Ultimately, a capabilitiesbased approach featuring both tactical and strategic planning with an eye toward the unique problems presented by individuals with disabilities is recommended.

Es gibt Fälle von Exitus letalis nach erfolgreich reponierter Dislocatio abomasi. Deren Ursache sowie prognostische Indikatoren zu ermitteln, war das Ziel vorliegender Arbeit. Zunächst wurden alle Rinder mit Exitus letalis zwischen 1990 und 2000 analysiert, die meisten litten an rechtsseitiger oder linksseitiger Disloactio abomasi. Bei diesen Tieren wurden die Befunde der Aufnahmeuntersuchung und der letzten Untersuchung vor dem Exitus letalis erfaßt, analysiert und mit den Befunden von nach linksseitiger oder rechtsseitiger Dislocatio abomasi geheilt entlassenen Tieren verglichen. Die Heilungsaussichten sinken bei rechtsseitiger und linksseitiger Dislocatio abomasi durch geringeren zeitlichen Abstand zur Kalbung, schlechteren Kreislaufzustand, geringere Pansenbewegungen, Hyperbilirubinämie und das Auftreten von Begleiterkrankungen. Bei rechtsseitiger Dislocatio abomasi waren weiterhin Hyponaträmie und Hypokalämie, bei linksseitiger Dislocatio abomasi erhöhte BHB-Konzentrationen, Hypocholsterolämie und Azidosen mit einer schlechten Prognose verbunden.

The thesis ``Accident frequency and its social effects{\crqq} focuses on traffic accidents caused by trespassing the law of speed limit and on social effects induced by accident frequency. Every year approximately one thousand people die on the Czech roads, other thousands of traffic accident victims face lifelong injury consequences. Apart from direct loss of lives, health and property, the traffic accidents carry a lot of other hardly denumerable costs starting at financing trip of ambulance, continuing with health care service expenses followed by convalescence, eventually social benefits for disabled and impacts on relatives of traffic accident victims. The aim of this work is to map the situation of serious traffic accidents where participants are seriously injured, or die and to infer the most serious social effects of these traffic accidents. To gather information in order to meet the objective of this hypothesis and to prove it a quantity research has been carried out. Secondary analysis of data from the records of Police of Czech Republic and the Ministry of the Interior has been chosen as a method to help verify the correctness of presumed hypothesis. In order to map the most serious social impacts, dialogs with randomly selected traffic accident participants who suffered lifelong consequences of their injuries were performed. The primary file contains participants of traffic accidents that happened in the Czech Republic and are registered in the registry of Police of Czech Republic in the period 2003-2006 and where the participants died, were seriously or lightly injured. Our hypothesis proven, that the most serious consequences of traffic accidents happen due to exceeding the speed limits . Also the most serious social impacts of traffic accidents were mapped.

Es gibt Fälle von Exitus letalis nach erfolgreich reponierter Dislocatio abomasi. Deren Ursache sowie prognostische Indikatoren zu ermitteln, war das Ziel vorliegender Arbeit. Zunächst wurden alle Rinder mit Exitus letalis zwischen 1990 und 2000 analysiert, die meisten litten an rechtsseitiger oder linksseitiger Disloactio abomasi. Bei diesen Tieren wurden die Befunde der Aufnahmeuntersuchung und der letzten Untersuchung vor dem Exitus letalis erfaßt, analysiert und mit den Befunden von nach linksseitiger oder rechtsseitiger Dislocatio abomasi geheilt entlassenen Tieren verglichen. Die Heilungsaussichten sinken bei rechtsseitiger und linksseitiger Dislocatio abomasi durch geringeren zeitlichen Abstand zur Kalbung, schlechteren Kreislaufzustand, geringere Pansenbewegungen, Hyperbilirubinämie und das Auftreten von Begleiterkrankungen. Bei rechtsseitiger Dislocatio abomasi waren weiterhin Hyponaträmie und Hypokalämie, bei linksseitiger Dislocatio abomasi erhöhte BHB-Konzentrationen, Hypocholsterolämie und Azidosen mit einer schlechten Prognose verbunden.

Dans ce mémoire de maitrise, nous avons cherché à recenser les manifestations des couleurs des produits textiles achetés durant les soixante-deux années de la papauté d’Avignon (1316-1378) d’avant le Schisme. L’objectif de la présente recherche est d’élaborer une base de données systématique et synthétique qui répertorie les manifestations de couleur des tissus et des étoffes achetées par la papauté avignonnaise au XIVe siècle et répertoriées dans les registres de caisse Introitus et Exitus. Également, notre étude vise à expliquer les tendances d’occurrence de ces manifestations à l’aide des études sur les symboliques des couleurs au XIVe siècle. Pour être en mesure d’analyser les données recensées et systématisées, nous avons fait appel à des historiographies complémentaires concernant l’administration de la papauté, la symbolique des couleurs au XIVe siècle, la teinture et les vêtements. Au terme de cette étude, nous pouvons soutenir que la papauté avignonnaise accorde une place importante aux couleurs de tissus et étoffes, d’où la présence d’un grand nombre de mentions de couleurs dans les registres étudiés. Les manifestations de ces diverses couleurs sont, quant à elles, influencées par leur symbolique au XIVe siècle, les techniques de teinture et l’usage prévu des tissus et des étoffes de couleur. Ainsi, le rouge, le blanc, le vert et le brun sont les couleurs les plus mentionnées lors des achats de produits textiles, étant très en demande pour leur symbolique et pour leurs usages auprès de la Curie et de l’Aumônerie. Les manifestations de l’or, de l’orange, du violet, de l’argent, du pourpre, du gris, du noir et du bleu sont, quant à eux, plus rares, à cause du prix élevé et des difficultés d’obtention de tissus de ces couleurs. / In this master’s thesis, we sought to showcase the permutations of the colours of textile products bought during the sixty-two years under the Avignon papacy (1316-1378). The objective of this research is to develop a systematic and synthetic database that lists the permutations of coloured fabrics purchased by the Avignon papacy in the 14th century that are listed and compiled in the Introitus and Exitus. Our study also aims to explain the trends in the occurrence of these permutations using studies on the symbolism of colours in the 14th century. To be able to analyze the data that we collected and systematized, we called upon additional studies regarding the administration of the papacy, the symbolism of colours in the 14th century, the art of dyeing and the use of clothing. At the end of this study, we can maintain that the Avignon papacy allocates an important role to colours, hence the presence of many colours in the analyzed registers. The manifestations of these various colours are influenced by their symbolism in the 14th century, their dyeing techniques, and the intended use of coloured fabrics. Thus, red, white, green and brown are the most mentioned colours of textile products, these colours being in great demand because of their symbolism and their intended use with the Curia and Panhota. The appearances of gold, orange, violet, silver, purple, gray, black and blue are rarer, because of their price and the difficulties of obtaining fabrics of these colors.