Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Charles A. Eckert; Committee Co-Chair: Charles L. Liotta; Committee Member: J. Carson Meredith; Committee Member: Rigoberto Hernandez; Committee Member: William J. Koros

Thesis. 1977. B.S. cn--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING / Bibliography: leaves 60-61. / B.S.cn

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, em aparelhos disjuntores de Haas, a contaminação in situ por estreptococos do grupo mutans, sob a forma de colônias/biofilmes, nas diferentes superfícies (acrílico, fios, bandas e parafusos), com e sem o uso de bochechos com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, por meio de Cultura Microbiana e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Adicionalmente, a corrosão na área da união entre o fio, a solda de prata e a banda dos aparelhos foi avaliada por meio de Estereomicroscopia Ótica, MEV e análise em Espectrometria de Energia Dispersiva (EDS). Foram selecionados 34 pacientes de 7 a 12 anos de idade, que compareceram à clínica de Ortodontia Preventiva da FORP/USP, com necessidade de correção com aparelho disjuntor de Haas por problemas transversais da maxila (mordida cruzada posterior). Em seguida, utilizando uma tabela de números randômicos, os pacientes foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos de 17 indivíduos cada (Grupos I e II). Durante todo o período de permanência dos aparelhos na cavidade bucal, no Grupo I (controle; n=17) os pacientes foram orientados a utilizar dentifrício fluoretado para escovação diária e não empregar bochechos com soluções antimicrobianas. Por outro lado, no Grupo II (experimental; n=17) os pacientes foram orientados a realizar, além da escovação diária com o uso de dentifrício fluoretado, 2 bochechos por semana com solução de gluconato de Clorexidina a 0,12% (Periogard®). Decorridos cerca de 4 meses da permanência na cavidade bucal, os aparelhos foram removidos. Sendo seccionadas, aleatoriamente, partes dos aparelhos constituídas de uma banda com fio soldado, para análise em estereomicroscopia ótica, MEV e EDS. Os resultados em estereomicroscopia foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do teste de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Em seguida, os aparelhos foram submetidos ao processamento microbiológico, em meio de cultura CaSa B, para contagem das colônias/biofilmes de estreptococos do grupo mutans. O teste estatístico não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado para verificação de possíveis diferenças entre os grupos, com relação à formação de colônias/biofilmes sobre a superfície das diferentes áreas (parafuso, resina acrílica, bandas, fio vestibular e fio palatino), como também para verificar se havia diferença entre a formação de colônias/biofilmes sobre as superfícies livres (voltadas para a cavidade bucal) e as superfícies não-livres (em contato direto com a mucosa palatina e sulco gengival). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Após cultura microbiana, partes dos aparelhos representativas de cada grupo foram submetidas ao processamento e análise em MEV. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que, com relação às colônias/biofilmes das superfícies nãolivres dos Grupos I e II, não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,009). No entanto, quando as superfícies livres dos Grupos I e II foram comparadas, evidenciou-se diferença significante entre os 2 grupos, em todas as áreas analisadas (parafuso, resina acrílica e bandas) (p<0,001). Os resultados da cultura microbiana foram confirmados em MEV. A análise em estereomicroscopia ótica evidenciou a presença de áreas de alteração de coloração sugestivas de corrosão na região de solda em contato com a banda e com o fio, em ambos os grupos (p=1). Os picos dos elementos químicos observados em EDS também foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Pôde-se concluir que o uso do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (Periogard®), sob a forma de bochecho, apresentou eficácia na redução da formação de colônias/biofilmes nas superfícies livres dos aparelhos disjuntores de Haas, in situ, sem elevação nos níveis de corrosão. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in situ, in Haas expanders, the contamination of different surfaces (acrylic resin, wires, bands and screws) by mutans group streptococci colonies/biofilms with and without prescription of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes, by means of microbial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the corrosion in the area of union between the appliances wire, silver soldering and band was assessed by optical stereomicroscopy, SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Thirty-four children aged 7 to 12 years were selected among the patients attending the Preventive Orthodontic Clinic at FORP/USP with need of corrective orthodontics with Haas expander due to transversal problems of the maxilla (posterior crossbite). Thereafter, using a table of random numbers, the patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 17 individuals each (Groups I and II). Throughout the time that the appliances remained in the oral cavity, the patients in Group I (control; n=17) were instructed to use a fluoridated dentifrice for daily toothbrushing and not to use antimicrobial mouthwash solutions. On the other hand, in Group II (experimental; n=17), in addition to daily toothbrushing with a fluoridated dentifrice, mouthwashes with an antimicrobial agent (0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate - Periogard®) were prescribed to the patients. After approximately 4 months of maintenance in the patients mouth, the appliances were retrieved. Thereafter, components of the appliances (consisting of a band with soldered wire) were sectioned at random for analysis under optical stereomicroscopy, SEM and EDS. The results of the optical stereomicroscopy were submitted to statistical analysis using Fisher\'s test at 5% significance level. The appliances were sent to microbiology processing, in CaSa B culture medium, for counting of the number of mutans streptococci colonies/biofilms. Mann-Whitney non-parametric statistical test was applied to verify possible differences between the groups with respect to the formation of colonies/biofilms on the surface of different areas (screw, acrylic resin, bands, buccal wire and palatal wire), as well as to determine whether there were differences between the formation of colonies/biofilms on free surfaces (facing the oral cavity) and non-free surfaces (in direct contact with the palatal mucosa and gingival sulcus). The level of significance was set at 5%. After microbial culture, components of the appliances that were representative of each group were submitted technical processing and SEM analysis. The obtained results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Groups I and II (p=0.009) regarding the formation of colonies/biofilms on the non-free surfaces. However, when the free surfaces of Groups I and II were compared, statistically significant difference was observed between these groups in all analyzed areas (screw, acrylic resin and bands) (p<0.001). The results of the microbial culture were confirmed by the SEM analysis. The optical stereomicroscopic analysis showed the existence of color alteration suggestive of corrosion in the solder region in contact with the band and with the wire in both groups (p=1). The peaks of chemical elements observed in EDS were also similar in both groups. It may concluded that the use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes (Periogard®) showed efficacy in reducing the formation of colonies/biofilms on the free surfaces of Haas expanders, in situ, without increasing the corrosion levels.

In this thesis we introduce a notion of graphs approximating actions of finitely generated groups on metric and measure spaces. We systematically investigate expansion properties of said graphs and we prove that a sequence of graphs approximating a fixed action ρ forms a family of expanders if and only if ρ is expanding in measure. This enables us to rely on a number of known results to construct numerous new families of expander (and superexpander) graphs. Proceeding in our investigation, we show that the graphs approximating an action are uniformly quasi-isometric to the level sets of the associated warped cone. The existence of such a relation between approximating graphs and warped cones has twofold advantages: on the one hand it implies that warped cones arising from actions that are expanding in measure coarsely contain families of expanders, on the other hand it provides a geometric model for the approximating graphs allowing us to study the geometry of the expander thus obtained. The rest of the work is devoted to the study of the coarse geometry of warped cones (and approximating graphs). We do so in order to prove rigidity results which allow us to prove that our construction is flexible enough to produce a number of non coarsely equivalent new families of expanders. As a by-product, we also show that some of these expanders enjoy some rather peculiar geometric properties, e.g. we can construct expanders that are coarsely simply connected.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, em aparelhos disjuntores de Haas, a contaminação in situ por estreptococos do grupo mutans, sob a forma de colônias/biofilmes, nas diferentes superfícies (acrílico, fios, bandas e parafusos), com e sem o uso de bochechos com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, por meio de Cultura Microbiana e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Adicionalmente, a corrosão na área da união entre o fio, a solda de prata e a banda dos aparelhos foi avaliada por meio de Estereomicroscopia Ótica, MEV e análise em Espectrometria de Energia Dispersiva (EDS). Foram selecionados 34 pacientes de 7 a 12 anos de idade, que compareceram à clínica de Ortodontia Preventiva da FORP/USP, com necessidade de correção com aparelho disjuntor de Haas por problemas transversais da maxila (mordida cruzada posterior). Em seguida, utilizando uma tabela de números randômicos, os pacientes foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos de 17 indivíduos cada (Grupos I e II). Durante todo o período de permanência dos aparelhos na cavidade bucal, no Grupo I (controle; n=17) os pacientes foram orientados a utilizar dentifrício fluoretado para escovação diária e não empregar bochechos com soluções antimicrobianas. Por outro lado, no Grupo II (experimental; n=17) os pacientes foram orientados a realizar, além da escovação diária com o uso de dentifrício fluoretado, 2 bochechos por semana com solução de gluconato de Clorexidina a 0,12% (Periogard®). Decorridos cerca de 4 meses da permanência na cavidade bucal, os aparelhos foram removidos. Sendo seccionadas, aleatoriamente, partes dos aparelhos constituídas de uma banda com fio soldado, para análise em estereomicroscopia ótica, MEV e EDS. Os resultados em estereomicroscopia foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do teste de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Em seguida, os aparelhos foram submetidos ao processamento microbiológico, em meio de cultura CaSa B, para contagem das colônias/biofilmes de estreptococos do grupo mutans. O teste estatístico não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado para verificação de possíveis diferenças entre os grupos, com relação à formação de colônias/biofilmes sobre a superfície das diferentes áreas (parafuso, resina acrílica, bandas, fio vestibular e fio palatino), como também para verificar se havia diferença entre a formação de colônias/biofilmes sobre as superfícies livres (voltadas para a cavidade bucal) e as superfícies não-livres (em contato direto com a mucosa palatina e sulco gengival). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Após cultura microbiana, partes dos aparelhos representativas de cada grupo foram submetidas ao processamento e análise em MEV. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que, com relação às colônias/biofilmes das superfícies nãolivres dos Grupos I e II, não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,009). No entanto, quando as superfícies livres dos Grupos I e II foram comparadas, evidenciou-se diferença significante entre os 2 grupos, em todas as áreas analisadas (parafuso, resina acrílica e bandas) (p<0,001). Os resultados da cultura microbiana foram confirmados em MEV. A análise em estereomicroscopia ótica evidenciou a presença de áreas de alteração de coloração sugestivas de corrosão na região de solda em contato com a banda e com o fio, em ambos os grupos (p=1). Os picos dos elementos químicos observados em EDS também foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Pôde-se concluir que o uso do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (Periogard®), sob a forma de bochecho, apresentou eficácia na redução da formação de colônias/biofilmes nas superfícies livres dos aparelhos disjuntores de Haas, in situ, sem elevação nos níveis de corrosão. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in situ, in Haas expanders, the contamination of different surfaces (acrylic resin, wires, bands and screws) by mutans group streptococci colonies/biofilms with and without prescription of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes, by means of microbial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the corrosion in the area of union between the appliances wire, silver soldering and band was assessed by optical stereomicroscopy, SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Thirty-four children aged 7 to 12 years were selected among the patients attending the Preventive Orthodontic Clinic at FORP/USP with need of corrective orthodontics with Haas expander due to transversal problems of the maxilla (posterior crossbite). Thereafter, using a table of random numbers, the patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 17 individuals each (Groups I and II). Throughout the time that the appliances remained in the oral cavity, the patients in Group I (control; n=17) were instructed to use a fluoridated dentifrice for daily toothbrushing and not to use antimicrobial mouthwash solutions. On the other hand, in Group II (experimental; n=17), in addition to daily toothbrushing with a fluoridated dentifrice, mouthwashes with an antimicrobial agent (0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate - Periogard®) were prescribed to the patients. After approximately 4 months of maintenance in the patients mouth, the appliances were retrieved. Thereafter, components of the appliances (consisting of a band with soldered wire) were sectioned at random for analysis under optical stereomicroscopy, SEM and EDS. The results of the optical stereomicroscopy were submitted to statistical analysis using Fisher\'s test at 5% significance level. The appliances were sent to microbiology processing, in CaSa B culture medium, for counting of the number of mutans streptococci colonies/biofilms. Mann-Whitney non-parametric statistical test was applied to verify possible differences between the groups with respect to the formation of colonies/biofilms on the surface of different areas (screw, acrylic resin, bands, buccal wire and palatal wire), as well as to determine whether there were differences between the formation of colonies/biofilms on free surfaces (facing the oral cavity) and non-free surfaces (in direct contact with the palatal mucosa and gingival sulcus). The level of significance was set at 5%. After microbial culture, components of the appliances that were representative of each group were submitted technical processing and SEM analysis. The obtained results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Groups I and II (p=0.009) regarding the formation of colonies/biofilms on the non-free surfaces. However, when the free surfaces of Groups I and II were compared, statistically significant difference was observed between these groups in all analyzed areas (screw, acrylic resin and bands) (p<0.001). The results of the microbial culture were confirmed by the SEM analysis. The optical stereomicroscopic analysis showed the existence of color alteration suggestive of corrosion in the solder region in contact with the band and with the wire in both groups (p=1). The peaks of chemical elements observed in EDS were also similar in both groups. It may concluded that the use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes (Periogard®) showed efficacy in reducing the formation of colonies/biofilms on the free surfaces of Haas expanders, in situ, without increasing the corrosion levels.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1985. / Bibliography: leaves 78-80.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1985. / Bibliography: leaves 78-80.

Title: Comparative analysis of the crawl pattern and specific exercises. Purpose: The aim of the dissertation is to evaluate the coordination similarity ratio of involvement of selected muscles during the crawl swimming cycle as a target movement with imitation movement acts. Methods: The research study has the character of an intra-individual and inter- individual comparative analysis of the coordination characteristics of the movement system. This is a sequential triangulation of a quantitative-qualitative approach and an intragroup case study with an experimental way of getting data. Results: Muscle activation of selected muscles during the crawl did not show a significant difference in effect size compared to the imitation movements on the Biokinetic swimming simulator and exercising with swimming expanders. Keywords: Biokinetic, expanders, surface electromyography, swimming, swimming simulator,

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the types and prevalence of complications following MARPE protocol at University of the Pacific and to investigate the complication of asymmetry using CBCT analysis. Methods: In the first portion of this study, 97 patients who started treatment prior to July 2020 and who had MARPE expander treatment at the University of the Pacific were included. Chart review and evaluation of progress clinical photographs were used to report the following complications: inflammation, pain, appliance malfunction, broken microscrew, and pulpitis. In the second portion of this study, 77 patients from a private practice orthodontist who started treatment prior to January 2021 were included in this study. The complication of asymmetry was measured using CBCT measurements from T1 (prior to treatment start) and T2 (immediately following MARPE expansion). The change in U6 molar angulation changes was also assessed. Results: It was determined in the first portion of this study that the most common complication was inflammation around the MARPE site, with 82% of the study population exhibiting any severity of inflammation. 3 patients exhibited severe inflammation requiring removal of MARPE. 18% reported pain in the MARPE area. 9 patients exhibited appliance malfunction, 1 patient exhibited broken microscrew, and 1 patient exhibited pulpitis. It was determined in the second portion of this study that 47% of patients exhibited asymmetry greater than 1 mm and the average asymmetry at ANS was 1.47 mm. No correlation was exhibited between amount of asymmetric expansion and the following measures: age, molar inclination, palatal thickness, posterior screw expansion and palatal vault height. 3 Conclusions: Inflammation of the MARPE is the most common complication that can result in early removal of the expander. Other complications such as asymmetry and pain are common as well.

No description available.