<p>Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av amning och metoden som användes i litteraturstudien var deskriptiv. Upplevelserna i 17 studier kategoriserades i fem grupper; förutsättningar, motstridiga råd, svårigheter, positiva erfarenheter och samhällssyn. Att få motstridiga råd från sjukvården var den upplevelse som beskrevs oftast och de olika känslomässiga svårigheter kvinnorna upplevde i samband med amningen var en annan tydlig upplevelse. Kvinnorna upplevde också att de hade bristfällig kunskap om amning och dess fördelar. Amning sågs som något naturligt men förväntningarna stämde inte överens med upplevelsen. Kvinnorna använde sig av olika strategier för att lyckas med amningen och många ansåg att amning är viktigt för barnet och de trivdes med att amma. I Sverige och i Västvärlden vill man främja amning pga. dess hälsomässiga och känslomässiga betydelse för mamma och barn. Amning är dock ett sammansatt fenomen som kräver en helhetssyn och framtida forskning bör sträva efter att öka förståelsen för ammande kvinnors situation för att rätt bemöta dessa kvinnor i vården. Kvinnor behöver få ökad kunskap för att upplevelserna ska överensstämma med förväntningarna. Sjukvården bör ge enhetliga råd och adekvat stöd, och även skapa medvetenhet om hur attityder påverkar amningspraktiken.</p>

<p>The purpose of this literature study was to describe the experiences of the transition period.Data were collected through databases CINAHL and Medline / Pubmed 19 articles wereincluded in the study. The result was divided into five different items. Given the result thenewly graduated nurses found out that the process of transition was an uncertain timefollowed by faltering confidence. They were totally unprepared for the clinical work and theresponsibility which followed. The pressure and expectations from themselves and colleagueswere big and heavy to carry. Colleagues saw the most recent graduates as unprofessional and"eternal students". Good and constructive support and guidance shows that transition processis easier to handle while an inadequate support could affect the performance of graduates and,at worst, lead them leaving the profession. The great responsibility that the graduates facedwere experienced very stressful especially medical management and patient safety, increasedtheir anxiety and that they found it difficult to transfer their theoretical knowledge intopractice. The results also show the positive experiences of the newly graduates. Manyexperienced the transition process as challenging and evolving, and something that they couldlearn from.</p>

<p>I Sverige har insjuknandet och överlevnanden i hjärtinfarkt förbättrats de senaste åren. Levnadsvanor och livsstil har betydelse. Människor som drabbas av hjärtinfarkt blir utskrivana från sjukhuset allt tidigare idag mot förut. Detta bidrar till att patienter och anhöriga/närstående får ta ett större ansvar efter utskrivningen. Informationsbehovet kring livsstilsförändringar är därför stort. Syftet var att beskriva människors erfarenhet av vad som underlättar respektive försvårar att göra de livsstilsförändringar de fått rekommendation om efter en diagnostiserad hjärtinfarkt. Metoden var en beskrivande studie med kvalitativ ansats. Öppna intervjuer genomfördes med sex informanter. Data analyserades med innehållsanalys. Av informanterna framkom information om hur de upplevt tiden efter insjuknandet gällande de rekommenderade livsstilsförändringarna. Huvudresultatet visade att det som dominerade bland svaren och vad som underlättat att genomföra livsstilsförändringar var den egna motivationen till en förändrad livsstil. Vad som ansågs försvårande var den sociala begränsningen informanterna upplevde. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt med information till sjukvårdspersonal om vilka faktorer som underlättar livsstilsförändring och att den informationen når ut till patienterna.</p><p>Nyckelord: Livsstilsförändring, hjärtinfarkt. upplevelser</p>

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av amning och metoden som användes i litteraturstudien var deskriptiv. Upplevelserna i 17 studier kategoriserades i fem grupper; förutsättningar, motstridiga råd, svårigheter, positiva erfarenheter och samhällssyn. Att få motstridiga råd från sjukvården var den upplevelse som beskrevs oftast och de olika känslomässiga svårigheter kvinnorna upplevde i samband med amningen var en annan tydlig upplevelse. Kvinnorna upplevde också att de hade bristfällig kunskap om amning och dess fördelar. Amning sågs som något naturligt men förväntningarna stämde inte överens med upplevelsen. Kvinnorna använde sig av olika strategier för att lyckas med amningen och många ansåg att amning är viktigt för barnet och de trivdes med att amma. I Sverige och i Västvärlden vill man främja amning pga. dess hälsomässiga och känslomässiga betydelse för mamma och barn. Amning är dock ett sammansatt fenomen som kräver en helhetssyn och framtida forskning bör sträva efter att öka förståelsen för ammande kvinnors situation för att rätt bemöta dessa kvinnor i vården. Kvinnor behöver få ökad kunskap för att upplevelserna ska överensstämma med förväntningarna. Sjukvården bör ge enhetliga råd och adekvat stöd, och även skapa medvetenhet om hur attityder påverkar amningspraktiken.

The purpose of this literature study was to describe the experiences of the transition period.Data were collected through databases CINAHL and Medline / Pubmed 19 articles wereincluded in the study. The result was divided into five different items. Given the result thenewly graduated nurses found out that the process of transition was an uncertain timefollowed by faltering confidence. They were totally unprepared for the clinical work and theresponsibility which followed. The pressure and expectations from themselves and colleagueswere big and heavy to carry. Colleagues saw the most recent graduates as unprofessional and"eternal students". Good and constructive support and guidance shows that transition processis easier to handle while an inadequate support could affect the performance of graduates and,at worst, lead them leaving the profession. The great responsibility that the graduates facedwere experienced very stressful especially medical management and patient safety, increasedtheir anxiety and that they found it difficult to transfer their theoretical knowledge intopractice. The results also show the positive experiences of the newly graduates. Manyexperienced the transition process as challenging and evolving, and something that they couldlearn from.

I Sverige har insjuknandet och överlevnanden i hjärtinfarkt förbättrats de senaste åren. Levnadsvanor och livsstil har betydelse. Människor som drabbas av hjärtinfarkt blir utskrivana från sjukhuset allt tidigare idag mot förut. Detta bidrar till att patienter och anhöriga/närstående får ta ett större ansvar efter utskrivningen. Informationsbehovet kring livsstilsförändringar är därför stort. Syftet var att beskriva människors erfarenhet av vad som underlättar respektive försvårar att göra de livsstilsförändringar de fått rekommendation om efter en diagnostiserad hjärtinfarkt. Metoden var en beskrivande studie med kvalitativ ansats. Öppna intervjuer genomfördes med sex informanter. Data analyserades med innehållsanalys. Av informanterna framkom information om hur de upplevt tiden efter insjuknandet gällande de rekommenderade livsstilsförändringarna. Huvudresultatet visade att det som dominerade bland svaren och vad som underlättat att genomföra livsstilsförändringar var den egna motivationen till en förändrad livsstil. Vad som ansågs försvårande var den sociala begränsningen informanterna upplevde. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt med information till sjukvårdspersonal om vilka faktorer som underlättar livsstilsförändring och att den informationen når ut till patienterna. Nyckelord: Livsstilsförändring, hjärtinfarkt. upplevelser

Background: Cancer is the most common cause of death among children in Sweden. The disease and the treatment cause suffering among the children, which also affects their parents. Research has shown that parents of children with cancer have poorer health. It is the nurse’s responsebility to help, not only the child, but also the parents in their difficult situation. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe parents’ experience of living with a child diagnosed with cancer. Method: The method in this study was a literature study, where four autobiographies were analysed. The text was analysed according to qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis of the autobiographies revealed four categories in which parents’ experiences and feelings were described. The four categories were: Experiences and adaptation of grief; Experiences of insecurity; Experiences of powerlessness; Experiences of hope. Conclusion: The study showed that parents wanted to be able to be at home together with the sick child. To make this possible, the parents needed support by home care. The parents also suffered of the powerlessness they felt when they couldn't help their child. To make the parents more involved, it is important that the nurse encourage the parents to participate. Finally, the parents described the importance of feeling joy and hope. This study provides information about how parents experience living with a child who has cancer. This information gives the nurse opportunity to adjust the care and also to support and help the parents.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious disease with potential to implicate consequences on both the family and the sick. Nurses have a fundamental responsibility to relieve suffering, and also to offer support to both the individual and the family. Aim: To illuminate experiences of being a family member to a person with schizophrenia. Method: A systematic literature review was chosen. Nine articles were included. After having analyzed the results six categories were found. Result: The family members experienced the disease as fluctuating and stressful. Some felt ashamed for their sick family member and withdrew from the rest of the society. It was also common to grieve over the sick family member as they felt they had lost the person he/she ones was. Most studies showed that family members were disappointed with the psychiatric care. They felt excluded from the caring process and lack of information. Hopefully the result of this study leads to that nurses can offer increased support and understanding to the family. Conclusions: Disease and illness may affect on the whole life situation. To support a family in a crisis it is necessary to understand the person’s lifeworld and to be able to change their beliefs.

Coaches learn from a number of different situations and their past experiences influence what they choose to pay attention to and learn (Werthner & Trudel, 2009). Understanding the process of learning to coach can be explored holistically over the course of an individual’s lifespan. This thesis is guided by Jarvis’ (2006, 2007, 2009) theory of human learning, which takes a psychosocial perspective to understanding the way that individuals perceive their social situations, change their biographies, and become who they are over the course of their lives. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the biographies of five Canadian women coaches to understand how the multitude of experiences throughout their lives have contributed to their learning and coaching development. Four in-depth interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim with each coach. From these interviews a biographical narrative analysis was created to document how each coach learned throughout her life. The transcripts and narrative analyses were member checked to augment trustworthiness. Four articles and one research note comprise the results section. The main points in this dissertation are as follows: (a) experiences in primary and secondary socialization influenced the coaches’ approaches to coaching; (b) specific meaningful learning experiences helped the coaches develop and become experienced as coaches; (c) values develop throughout life experiences and influence coaching actions; (d) Jarvis’ theory is used to explore my own process of learning throughout the PhD degree, and how this learning was influenced by my lifetime of experiences to date; and (e) a brief research note highlights how the research process was a co-creation between the researcher and the participants. These findings add to the emerging body of literature on female coaches and coach learning by further understanding how the coaches’ biographies determined what kinds of learning opportunities they each found meaningful; the importance of social connections in learning to coach; and the importance of reflection in understanding the interconnections of learning from life experiences. The study may motivate women coaches in understanding how lifelong learning influences their career paths and it informs coach education programs about the muddled reality of coaches’ learning and development.

Relatively little research exists on the life significance of outdoor education (OE) programs and courses. There is increasing interest in the OE field to move beyond simply focusing on program-specific outcomes to developing more evidence-based models that analyze the influence of specific mechanisms of change. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the significant life effect of a university OE course upon participants after the course, including the effect of the course upon participants’ intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental relationships. The present investigation was a two part qualitative-quantitative study. The overarching research question was: What is the perceived life significance of a university undergraduate OE course? The current study involved in-depth interviews with a purposive intensity sample of 17 University of Ottawa alumni who had taken one of the university’s OE courses more than 20 years ago, followed by a web-based survey questionnaire completed by 46 University of Ottawa alumni and students who had taken one of the university’s OE courses between 1975 and 2009. Some of the survey participants had taken both the summer and winter OE courses offered by the University of Ottawa so there was a total of 65 separate course responses in the quantitative study. The findings from this study suggested that the OE course led to development of interpersonal skills, self-discovery, environmental impacts, leisure style change, and increased outdoor knowledge and skills amongst the participants. The idea that this outdoor knowledge and skills was transferred to others (e.g., students and children) also emerged from the data. In addition, in some instances participants expressed the idea that the OE course helped confirm or reinforce already-held beliefs about the outdoors. It is hopeful that the current findings can contribute to OE professional practice and demonstrate the need for OE in university settings.