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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus in experimental studies /

Holstad, Maria, January 1900 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
2

Peripheral hypoglycaemic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic rats : morphologic and metabolic studies /

Jamali, Reza, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
3

Influência do diabetes experimental na disposição cinética e no metabolismo estereosseletivos do tramadol em ratos / Influence of experimental diabetes on the kinetic disposition and stereoselective metabolism of trans-tramadol in rats.

Godoy, Ana Leonor Pardo Campos 21 October 2009 (has links)
O trans-tramadol (trans-T), é um analgésico de ação central disponível na clínica como mistura racêmica dos enantiômeros (+)-trans-T e (-)-trans-T. O trans-T é biotransformado pelo CYP2D ao metabólito ativo O-desmetiltramadol (M1) e pelo CYP2B e CYP3A ao metabólito inativo N-desmetiltramadol (M2). O estudo investiga a influência do diabetes experimental na disposição cinética e no metabolismo dos enantiômeros do trans-T e seus metabólitos em animais tratados ou não com insulina e/ou quinidina. Os ratos machos Wistar foram divididos nos grupos controle, quinidina (dose única de quinidina i.p. 80mg/Kg 4 h antes do trans-T), diabético (dose única de estreptozotocina i.v. 45 mg/kg), diabético insulina (insulina NPH 2 UI/dia durante 12 dias), diabético quinidina e diabético insulina quinidina. Os animais (n=6/tempo de coleta) receberam dose única oral (gavagem) de 20 mg/kg de rac-trans-T e as coletas seriadas de sangue foram realizadas até 12 h após a administração. As concentrações plasmáticas dos enantiômeros do trans-T, M1 and M2 foram determinadas por LC-MS-MS usando a coluna de fase quiral Chiralpak® AD. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram calculados com auxílio do programa WinNonlin 4.1. e expressos como mediana. A disposição cinética do trans-T é enantiosseletiva no grupo controle com acúmulo plasmático do (+)-trans-T (AUC 527,88 vs 116,38 ng.h/mL) e do (+)-M2 (AUC 1210,90 vs 225,34 ng.h/mL); teste de Wilcoxon com p<0,05. A administração de quinidina mostra perda da enantiosseletividade na disposição cinética do trans-T e acúmulo plasmático do (-)-M1 (AUC 957,61 vs 1672,70 ng.h/mL) e do (+)-M2 (AUC 4732,40 vs 1582,80 ng.h/mL). A comparação entre os grupos controle e quinidina permite observar que o tratamento com quinidina resulta em acúmulo plasmático do (-)-trans-T (AUC 828,44 vs 116,38 ng.h/mL), (+)-trans-T (AUC 2243,10 vs 527,88 ng.h/mL), (-)-M2 (AUC 1582,80 vs 225,34 ng.h/mL) e (+)-M2 (AUC 4732,40 vs 1210,90 ng.h/mL). Os animais com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina quando comparados ao grupo controle mostram inibição (teste Kruskall-Wallis, p<0,05) do metabolismo do (+)-trans-T (AUC 527,88 vs 2617,80 ng.h/mL), (-)-trans-T (AUC 116,38 vs 1081,70 ng.h/mL) e do (-)-M1 (918,52 vs 2723,90 ng.h/mL). O tratamento com insulina durante 12 dias reverte a inibição preferencial no metabolismo do (-)-trans-T causada pelo diabetes experimental. Os valores de AUC do (-)-trans-T no grupo diabetes insulina (195,42 ng.h/mL) são próximos aos valores reportados para o grupo controle (116,38 ng.h/mL) e menores do que aqueles reportados para o grupo diabético (1081,70 ng.h/mL). Em relação ao (+)-trans-T pode-se observar tendência de redução nas concentrações plasmáticas no grupo de animais diabéticos tratados com insulina (AUC 1460,10 ng.h/mL) em relação ao grupo diabético (AUC 2617,80 ng.h/mL). Concluindo, os animais com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina mostram inibição preferencial do metabolismo do (-)-trans-T, a qual é revertida pelo tratamento com insulina durante 12 dias. O tratamento com quinidina resulta em acúmulo plasmático do (-)-trans-T, (+)-trans-T, (-)-M2 e (+)-M2. Ressalta-se, no entanto que nos animais com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina tratados ou não com insulina a quinidina não altera a disposição cinética de ambos os enantiômeros do trans-T. / Trans-tramadol (trans-T) is a central action analgesic, which is available in clinical practice as a racemic mixture of the (+)-trans-T and (-)-trans-T enantiomers. Trans-T is biotransformed by CYP2D to the active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1) and by CYP2B and CYP3A to the inactive metabolite N-desmethyltramadol (M2). This study investigates the influence of experimental diabetes on the kinetic disposition and metabolism of the enantiomers of trans-T and its metabolites in animals treated or not with insulin and/or quinidine. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, quinidine (single i.p. dose of 80 mg/kg quinidine administered 4 h before trans-T), diabetic (single i.v. dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin), insulin diabetic (2 IU/day NPH insulin for 12 days), quinidine diabetic, and insulin+quinidine diabetic. The animals (n=6 per sampling time) received a single oral (gavage) dose of 20 mg/kg racemic trans-T and serial blood samples were collected up to 12 h after administration of the drug. Plasma concentrations of the trans-T, M1 and M2 enantiomers were determined by LC-MS/MS using a Chiralpak® AD chiral column. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the WinNonlin 4.1 program and are expressed as median. The kinetic disposition of trans-T was enantioselective in the control group, with the plasma accumulation of (+)-trans-T (AUC 527.88 vs 116.38 ng.h/mL) and (+)-M2 (AUC 1210.90 vs 225.34 ng.h/mL) (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). The administration of quinidine resulted in the loss of enantioselectivity in the kinetic disposition of trans-T and in the plasma accumulation of (-)-M1 (AUC 957.61 vs 1672.70 ng.h/mL) and (+)-M2 (AUC 4732.40 vs 1582.80 ng.h/mL). Comparison between the control and quinidine groups showed that treatment with quinidine resulted in the plasma accumulation of (-)-trans-T (AUC 828.44 vs 116.38 ng.h/mL), (+)-trans-T (AUC 2243.10 vs 527.88 ng.h/mL), (-)-M2 (AUC 1582.80 vs 225.34 ng.h/mL), and (+)-M2 (AUC 4732.40 vs 1210.90 ng.h/mL). Inhibition of the metabolism of (+)-trans-T (AUC 527.88 vs 2617.80 ng.h/mL), (-)-trans-T (AUC 116.38 vs 1081.70 ng.h/mL), and (-)-M1 (918.52 vs 2723.90 ng.h/mL) was observed in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes when compared to the control group (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). Treatment with insulin for 12 days reversed the preferential inhibition of the metabolism of (-)-trans-T caused by experimental diabetes. The AUC value of (-)-trans-T obtained for the insulin diabetic group (195.42 ng.h/mL) was close to that found for the control group (116.38 ng.h/mL) and lower than that observed for the diabetic group (1081.70 ng.h/mL). Plasma concentrations of (+)-trans-T tended to be lower in the group of diabetic animals treated with insulin (AUC 1460.10 ng.h/mL) compared to the diabetic group (AUC 2617.80 ng.h/mL). In conclusion, preferential inhibition of the metabolism of (-)-trans-T is observed in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, which is reversed by insulin treatment for 12 days. Treatment with quinidine results in the plasma accumulation of (-)-trans-T, (+)-trans-T, (-)-M2, and (+)-M2. However, quinidine does not alter the kinetic disposition of either trans-T enantiomer in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated or not with insulin.
4

Molecular genetics of type 2 diabetes /

Li, Luosheng, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
5

Influência do diabetes experimental na disposição cinética e no metabolismo estereosseletivos do tramadol em ratos / Influence of experimental diabetes on the kinetic disposition and stereoselective metabolism of trans-tramadol in rats.

Ana Leonor Pardo Campos Godoy 21 October 2009 (has links)
O trans-tramadol (trans-T), é um analgésico de ação central disponível na clínica como mistura racêmica dos enantiômeros (+)-trans-T e (-)-trans-T. O trans-T é biotransformado pelo CYP2D ao metabólito ativo O-desmetiltramadol (M1) e pelo CYP2B e CYP3A ao metabólito inativo N-desmetiltramadol (M2). O estudo investiga a influência do diabetes experimental na disposição cinética e no metabolismo dos enantiômeros do trans-T e seus metabólitos em animais tratados ou não com insulina e/ou quinidina. Os ratos machos Wistar foram divididos nos grupos controle, quinidina (dose única de quinidina i.p. 80mg/Kg 4 h antes do trans-T), diabético (dose única de estreptozotocina i.v. 45 mg/kg), diabético insulina (insulina NPH 2 UI/dia durante 12 dias), diabético quinidina e diabético insulina quinidina. Os animais (n=6/tempo de coleta) receberam dose única oral (gavagem) de 20 mg/kg de rac-trans-T e as coletas seriadas de sangue foram realizadas até 12 h após a administração. As concentrações plasmáticas dos enantiômeros do trans-T, M1 and M2 foram determinadas por LC-MS-MS usando a coluna de fase quiral Chiralpak® AD. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram calculados com auxílio do programa WinNonlin 4.1. e expressos como mediana. A disposição cinética do trans-T é enantiosseletiva no grupo controle com acúmulo plasmático do (+)-trans-T (AUC 527,88 vs 116,38 ng.h/mL) e do (+)-M2 (AUC 1210,90 vs 225,34 ng.h/mL); teste de Wilcoxon com p<0,05. A administração de quinidina mostra perda da enantiosseletividade na disposição cinética do trans-T e acúmulo plasmático do (-)-M1 (AUC 957,61 vs 1672,70 ng.h/mL) e do (+)-M2 (AUC 4732,40 vs 1582,80 ng.h/mL). A comparação entre os grupos controle e quinidina permite observar que o tratamento com quinidina resulta em acúmulo plasmático do (-)-trans-T (AUC 828,44 vs 116,38 ng.h/mL), (+)-trans-T (AUC 2243,10 vs 527,88 ng.h/mL), (-)-M2 (AUC 1582,80 vs 225,34 ng.h/mL) e (+)-M2 (AUC 4732,40 vs 1210,90 ng.h/mL). Os animais com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina quando comparados ao grupo controle mostram inibição (teste Kruskall-Wallis, p<0,05) do metabolismo do (+)-trans-T (AUC 527,88 vs 2617,80 ng.h/mL), (-)-trans-T (AUC 116,38 vs 1081,70 ng.h/mL) e do (-)-M1 (918,52 vs 2723,90 ng.h/mL). O tratamento com insulina durante 12 dias reverte a inibição preferencial no metabolismo do (-)-trans-T causada pelo diabetes experimental. Os valores de AUC do (-)-trans-T no grupo diabetes insulina (195,42 ng.h/mL) são próximos aos valores reportados para o grupo controle (116,38 ng.h/mL) e menores do que aqueles reportados para o grupo diabético (1081,70 ng.h/mL). Em relação ao (+)-trans-T pode-se observar tendência de redução nas concentrações plasmáticas no grupo de animais diabéticos tratados com insulina (AUC 1460,10 ng.h/mL) em relação ao grupo diabético (AUC 2617,80 ng.h/mL). Concluindo, os animais com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina mostram inibição preferencial do metabolismo do (-)-trans-T, a qual é revertida pelo tratamento com insulina durante 12 dias. O tratamento com quinidina resulta em acúmulo plasmático do (-)-trans-T, (+)-trans-T, (-)-M2 e (+)-M2. Ressalta-se, no entanto que nos animais com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina tratados ou não com insulina a quinidina não altera a disposição cinética de ambos os enantiômeros do trans-T. / Trans-tramadol (trans-T) is a central action analgesic, which is available in clinical practice as a racemic mixture of the (+)-trans-T and (-)-trans-T enantiomers. Trans-T is biotransformed by CYP2D to the active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1) and by CYP2B and CYP3A to the inactive metabolite N-desmethyltramadol (M2). This study investigates the influence of experimental diabetes on the kinetic disposition and metabolism of the enantiomers of trans-T and its metabolites in animals treated or not with insulin and/or quinidine. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, quinidine (single i.p. dose of 80 mg/kg quinidine administered 4 h before trans-T), diabetic (single i.v. dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin), insulin diabetic (2 IU/day NPH insulin for 12 days), quinidine diabetic, and insulin+quinidine diabetic. The animals (n=6 per sampling time) received a single oral (gavage) dose of 20 mg/kg racemic trans-T and serial blood samples were collected up to 12 h after administration of the drug. Plasma concentrations of the trans-T, M1 and M2 enantiomers were determined by LC-MS/MS using a Chiralpak® AD chiral column. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the WinNonlin 4.1 program and are expressed as median. The kinetic disposition of trans-T was enantioselective in the control group, with the plasma accumulation of (+)-trans-T (AUC 527.88 vs 116.38 ng.h/mL) and (+)-M2 (AUC 1210.90 vs 225.34 ng.h/mL) (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). The administration of quinidine resulted in the loss of enantioselectivity in the kinetic disposition of trans-T and in the plasma accumulation of (-)-M1 (AUC 957.61 vs 1672.70 ng.h/mL) and (+)-M2 (AUC 4732.40 vs 1582.80 ng.h/mL). Comparison between the control and quinidine groups showed that treatment with quinidine resulted in the plasma accumulation of (-)-trans-T (AUC 828.44 vs 116.38 ng.h/mL), (+)-trans-T (AUC 2243.10 vs 527.88 ng.h/mL), (-)-M2 (AUC 1582.80 vs 225.34 ng.h/mL), and (+)-M2 (AUC 4732.40 vs 1210.90 ng.h/mL). Inhibition of the metabolism of (+)-trans-T (AUC 527.88 vs 2617.80 ng.h/mL), (-)-trans-T (AUC 116.38 vs 1081.70 ng.h/mL), and (-)-M1 (918.52 vs 2723.90 ng.h/mL) was observed in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes when compared to the control group (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). Treatment with insulin for 12 days reversed the preferential inhibition of the metabolism of (-)-trans-T caused by experimental diabetes. The AUC value of (-)-trans-T obtained for the insulin diabetic group (195.42 ng.h/mL) was close to that found for the control group (116.38 ng.h/mL) and lower than that observed for the diabetic group (1081.70 ng.h/mL). Plasma concentrations of (+)-trans-T tended to be lower in the group of diabetic animals treated with insulin (AUC 1460.10 ng.h/mL) compared to the diabetic group (AUC 2617.80 ng.h/mL). In conclusion, preferential inhibition of the metabolism of (-)-trans-T is observed in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, which is reversed by insulin treatment for 12 days. Treatment with quinidine results in the plasma accumulation of (-)-trans-T, (+)-trans-T, (-)-M2, and (+)-M2. However, quinidine does not alter the kinetic disposition of either trans-T enantiomer in animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes treated or not with insulin.
6

Avaliação das citocinas TNF-&#x3B1;, RANKL e OPG e do número de osteoclastos no reparo de defeito ósseo em calvária de ratos diabéticos tratados com matriz óssea desmineralizada / Evaluation of cytokines TNF-&#x3B1;, RANKL and OPG and the number of osteoclasts on repair of bone defects in skulls of diabetic rats treated with demineralized bone matrix

Bighetti, Bruna Barros 08 July 2016 (has links)
Neste trabalho, foi avaliado a participação dos osteoclastos bem como a ação das citocinas RANKL, OPG e TNF-&#x3B1; durante a formação e remodelação óssea em defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico em ratos normoglicêmicos e diabéticos tratados ou não com a MAOD. Para isso, foram utilizados 250 ratos machos Wistar. Trinta ratos foram utilizados para coleta dos fêmures e tíbias, os quais foram processados para obtenção da MAOD. Os demais 220 ratos foram divididos em Grupo Não Diabétido (CTL, n=110) e Grupo Diabético (DIAB, n= 110) induzido pela aplicação de uma dose única de 47 mg/Kg de massa corporal de estreptozotocina. Um defeito transósseo de 8 mm de diâmetro foi realizado nos ossos parietais dos ratos, sendo que, nos subgrupos CTL MAOD e DIAB MAOD, os defeitos foram preenchidos com MAOD e nos grupos CTL COAG e DIAB COAG apenas com coágulo sanguíneo. Após 0, 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias, as calotas cranianas foram coletadas para determinação da densidade de volume, número de osteoclastos/mm2 na área do defeito, quantificação por imunoistoquimica e expressão do RNAm para as proteínas RANKL, OPG e TNF-&#x3B1;. Os resultados para volume do tecido ósseo neoformado foi maior nos grupos CTL COAG e CTL MAOD, bem como no grupo DIAB MAOD quando comparado com DIAB COAG (CTL MAOD > CTL COAG e DIAB MAOD > DIAB COAG). O número de osteoclastos nos grupos CTL aumentaram significantemente (3,69 osteoclasto/mm2), enquanto que nos grupos MAOD aumentaram gradualmente até os 42 dias (2,8 osteoclasto/mm2). Os resultados para imunomarcação mostraram que a MAOD promove 1,28 vezes maior expressão de OPG, bem como de TNF-&#x3B1; tanto no grupo CTL (1,59 vezes) como no DIAB (1,76 vezes). Os resultados para expressão do RNAm para OPG mostrou que a média dos valores do grupo COAG comparado com a do grupo MAOD foi 1,91 vezes maior no grupo COAG. Já os valores para expressão de RANKL permaneceram constantes no grupo DIAB MAOD, com aumento significativo de 2,57 vezes aos 42 dias, sendo 4,3 vezes maior, quando comparado com a média dos outros grupos no mesmo período. Conclui-se que nos animais normoglicemicos, o tratamento com a MAOD aumenta a expressão de OPG, RANKL e TNF-&#x3B1;, assim como a atividade osteoclástica, promovendo reabsorção da MAOD e formação de tecido ósseo, enquanto que nos animais diabéticos, a atividade osteoclástica foi reduzida, sem alteração nos níveis de OPG e RANKL, reduzindo a reabsorção da MAOD e consequentemente da formação óssea. / Participation of osteoclasts was evaluated in reabsorption process of demineralized allogenic bone matrix (DABM) as well as the activity of cytokines RANKL, OPG and TNF- &#x3B1; during formation and bone remodeling in critial size defect of normoglycemic and diabetic rats treated or not with DABM. Therefore, 250 male Wistar rats were used. Thirty rats had femurs and tibias collected and processed to obtain DABM. 220 rats were divided into control group (CTL, n=110) and diabetic group (DIAB, n= 110) injected by a single dose of 47 mg/Kg of body weight streptozotocin. Were made 8mm bone defect on skulls of rats, in subgroups CTL DABM and DIAB DABM, defects were filled with DABM and subgroups CTL CLOT and DIAB CLOT were filled with blood clot. After 0, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days, the skulls were collected to determine the volume density, number of osteoclasts/mm2 into defects area, quantification by immunohistochemistry and RNAm expression of RANKL, OPG and TNF-&#x3B1; cytokines. The results of volume density of newly formed bone was higher in CTL CLOT and CTL DABM, as well as in DIAB DABM compared to DIAB CLOT (CTL DABM > CTL CLOT and DIAB DABM > DIAB CLOT). The number of osteoclasts in CTL groups increased to 3,69 osteoclasts/mm2, while in subgroups treated with DABM gradually increased up until 42 days (2,8 osteoclasts/mm2). Immunohistochemistry showed that DABM promotes an increase of 1.28-fold of OPG expression, as well as TNF-a expression in CTL group (1.59-fold) and DIAB group (1.76-fold). The results of RNAm expression of OPG showed that the average values of the CLOT subgroup compared to the average values of DABM subgroup was 1.91- fold higher in CLOT subgroup. The values of RANKL RNAm expression increase 2.57-fold at 42 days, being 4.3-fold higher than the average os the other groups in the same period. In conclusion, in the normoglicemic animals (CTL group), the treatment with DABM increase the expression of OPG, RANKL and TNF-&#x3B1; as the activity of osteoclasts, leading to DABM resorption and bone tissue formation, while in diabetic animals, the osteoclast activity was reduced, without changes in the leves of OPG and RANKL, decreasing DABM resorption and bone formation.
7

Avaliação do reparo de defeito ósseo em calvária de ratos diabéticos tratados com Matriz Óssea Desmineralizada / Evaluation of repair of bone defects in skulls of diabetic rats treated with Demineralized Bone Matrix

Bighetti, Bruna Barros 10 October 2011 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as atividades osteoindutoras e osteocondutoras da matriz alogênica óssea desmineralizada (MAOD) frente à diabetes no reparo de defeito de tamanho crítico em calvárias de ratos diabéticos. Para isso, 100 ratos machos Wistar foram divididos em 2 grupos: no grupo diabético (DIAB, n=50) foi injetado 47 mg/Kg de massa corporal de estreptozotocina, enquanto que no grupo controle (CTL, n=50) foi injetado solução fisiológica a 0,9%. A MAOD foi obtida de 50 ratos, cujo fêmur e tíbia foram retirados, desmineralizados com HCl a 0,6M por 24 horas, particulados em 1-2mm³, neutralizados com soro fisiológico e armazenados em álcool. Após a anestesia, foram realizados defeitos ósseos de 8 mm nas calvárias dos animais, sendo os grupos CTL COAG (n=25) e DIAB COAG (n=25) preenchidos com coágulo e os grupos CTL MAOD (n=25) e DIAB MAOD (n=25) preenchidos com MAOD. Após os períodos de 0, 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias, as calvárias foram coletadas. A análise radiográfica mostrou que houve formação de ilhas radiodensas no interior dos defeitos nos grupos CTL e DIAB tratados com MAOD, enquanto que nos grupos tratados com coágulo houve formação de áreas mais radiodensas somente nas bordas do defeito, corroborando com os resultados morfológicos, que mostraram nos grupos tratados com coágulo que o reparo ósseo teve início nas bordas do defeito, enquanto que nos grupos tratados com MAOD, a neoformação óssea ocorreu também nas áreas de reabsorção nas partículas de MAOD. De acordo com os resultados morfométricos, o volume de tecido ósseo aumentou gradativamente em todos os grupos, porém, esse aumento foi maior nos grupos CTL em relação aos seus respectivos tratamentos nos grupos DIAB (CTL COAG > DIAB COAG e CTL MAOD > DIAB MAOD) e maior quando comparados os grupos tratados com MAOD versus os respectivos grupos tratados com COAG (CTL MAOD > CTL COAG e DIAB MAOD > DIAB COAG). Assim, ao término de 42 dias, o volume de tecido ósseo no grupo CTL MAOD foi em média 3,24 vezes maior em relação aos demais grupos, os grupos CTL COAG e DIAB MAOD não apresentaram diferenças significativas e o grupo DIAB MAOD foi 1,81 vezes maior em relação ao DIAB COAG. Com esses resultados, conclui-se que embora o quadro de diabetes tenha influenciado no atraso do reparo, ainda assim, pode-se afirmar que a MAOD contribuiu com a neoformação óssea e com o reparo do defeito na calvária de animais saudáveis e diabéticos, por terem sido preservadas as suas características osteoindutoras e osteocondutoras. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the osteoinductive and osteoconductive activities of demineralized allogeneic bone matrix (DABM) against diabetes in repairing critical size defects in diabetic rats skulls. Therefore, 100 male Wistar rats were shered into two groups: in the diabetic group (DIAB, n=50) was 47 mg/Kg of body weight streptozotocin, while in the control group (CTL, n=50) was injected saline 0.9%. The DABM was obteined using 50 rats which were removed their femur and tibia bones, demineralized in 0.6 N HCl during 24 hours, cut into 1-2mm³ pieces, neutralized in saline and stored in alcohol. After anesthesia, were made 8 mm bone defects on skulls of rats, being the CTL CLOT group (n=25) and DIAB CLOT group (n=25) filled with blood clot and the CTL DABM group (n=25) and DIAB DABM group (n=25) filled with DABM. After 0, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days, the skulls were collected. The radiographic analysis showed radiodense islets inside the defects filled with DABM in CTL and DIAB groups, while groups filled with blood clot showed radiodense areas near the defect border, which is in agreement to the morphologic results, that had showed the begining of bone healing was near the defects border in groups filled with blood clot, while groups filled with DABM showed new bone formation also in resorption DABM areas. According to morphometric results, the volume of bone tissue had increased in all groups, however, this increase was more accentuated in CTL groups when compared to DIAB groups with respected treatments (CTL CLOT > DIAB CLOT and CTL DABM > DIAB DABM) and bigger when groups treated with DABM are compared to respestive groups treated with CLOT (CTL DABM > CTL CLOT e DIAB DABM > DIAB CLOT). Thereby, at the end of 42 days, the CTL DABM bone tissue volume was 3.24 greater than the other groups, the CTL CLOT and DIAB DABM groups didnt show any significant differenceand the DIAB DABM was 1,81 greater than DIAB CLOT. From these results, the conclusion is that although diabetes had delayed the repair, nevertheless, DABM contributed to bone neoformation and to the defect repair in skulls of healthy and diabetic animals, due to the osteoinductive and osteoconductive qualities had been preserved.
8

Influência do inibidor do transportador de cátions orgânicos 2 (OCT2) cimetidina e do diabetes experimental na disposição cinética da gabapentina em ratos / The role of organic cation transporter 2 inhibitor cimetidide, experimental diabetes mellitus and metformin on gabapentin pharmacokinetics in rats

Benzi, Jhohann Richard de Lima 17 August 2018 (has links)
O transportador de cátions orgânicos 2 (OCT2), expresso na membrana basolateral do túbulo proximal dos rins, promove a eliminação de compostos endógenos e de vários fármacos em uso na clínica. A gabapentina (GAB), anticonvulsivante utilizado para tratamento de dor neuropática, é eliminada principalmente por excreção renal e estudos sugerem participação da secreção ativa via OCT2. Dados experimentais observados em ratos com diabetes mellitus experimental (DME) induzido por estreptozotocina (STZ) sugerem que a hiperglicemia e/ou a redução dos níveis circulantes de insulina reduzem a expressão do OCT2. O objetivo do estudo é investigar a influência do DME, e do DME após administração de insulina, da cimetidina (inibidor de OCT2) e da metformina (substrato de OCT2) na disposição cinética da GAB em ratos. Ratos machos Wistar (n = 6 por tempo de coleta) foram divididos em cinco grupos: controle, cimetidina (dose única de cimetidina 100 mg/kg via intraperitonial), diabético (dose única de STZ 40 mg/kg via intravenosa), diabético tratado com insulina (dose única de STZ 40 mg/kg via intravenosa e doses de insulina 2 UI duas vezes por dia, por 15 dias) e metformina (dose única de metformina 100 mg/kg). Todos os animais receberam dose única de GAB (50 mg/kg, via gavagem). Amostras de plasma e urina foram coletadas até 12 horas após a administração da GAB. As concentrações plasmáticas e urinárias de GAB foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por espectrometria de massas e ultravioleta, respectivamente. A área sob a curva concentração plasmática versus tempo extrapolado ao infintito (ASC0-?) da GAB foi calculada pela quadratura de Gauss-Laguerre. A administração de dose única de GAB 50 mg/kg em ratos Wistar machos resultou em valores (média ± desvio padrão) de ASC0-?, Cmáx, Tmáx, CLT/F, t1/2, CLr e Fel de 96,31 ± 12,28 ?g.h/mL, 24,75 ± 9,26 ?g/mL, 3,66 ± 1,11 h, 0,52 ± 0,07 L/h.kg, 0,25 ± 0,07 L/h.kg e 0,48 ± 0,13, respectivamente. A disposição cinética da GAB não foi alterada após a administração simultânea de cimetidina ou metformina. O grupo diabético apresentou maiores valores de Fel quando comparado com o grupo controle (0.83 ± 0.25 × 0.48 ± 0.13, respectivamente). O Grupo Diabético tratado com insulina também apresentou maior Fel (0.85 ± 0.10) e CLr quando comparado ao grupo controle (0.55 ± 0.10 L/h.kg × 0.25 ± 0.07 L/h.kg). As diferenças encontradas podem ser explicadas pela hiperfiltração glomerular induzida pelo diabetes e pelo tratamento com insulina, devido ao aumento no fluxo sanguíneo renal. Conclui-se que o transporte ativo por OCT2 não é relevante para a disposição cinética da GAB em ratos. A hiperfiltração glomerular induzida pela diabetes mellitus experimental e pela administração de insulina sugerem que a filtração glomerular é o principal processo na eliminação renal da GAB. / The organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), expressed on the basolateral membrane of the proximal kidney tubule, promotes the elimination of endogenous compounds and various drugs in clinical use. Gabapentin (GAB), an anticonvulsant used to treat neuropathic pain, is eliminated primarily by renal excretion, and studies suggest participation of active secretion via OCT2. Experimental data observed in mice with streptozotocin (STZ) induced experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM) suggest that hyperglycemia and/or reduction of circulating insulin levels reduce OCT2 expression. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of EDM, EDM after insulin administration, cimetidine (OCT2 inhibitor) and metformin (OCT2 substrate) on the kinetic dispostion of GAB in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, cimetidine (single dose of cimetidine 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally), diabetic (single dose of STZ 40 mg/kg intravenously), diabetic treated (single dose of STZ 40 mg/kg intravenously and 2 IU twice daily for 15 days) and metformin (single dose metformin 100 mg/kg). All animals received a single dose of GAB (50 mg/kg, via gavage). Plasma and urine samples were collected up to 12 hours after GAB administration. Plasma and urine concentrations of GAB were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry and ultraviolet, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration versus time-extrapolated to infinity (ASC0-?) curve of GAB was calculated by the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. Single dose administration of 50 mg/kg GAB in male Wistar rats resulted in values (mean ± standard deviation) of ASC0-?, Cmax, Tmax, CLT / F, T1/2, CLr and Fel of 96.31 ± 12.28 ?g.h/mL, 24.75 ± 9.26 ?g/mL, 3.66 ± 1.11 h, 0.52 ± 0.07 L/h.kg, 0.25 ± 0.07 L/h.kg and 0.48 ± 0.13, respectively. The kinetic disposition of GAB was not altered after the simultaneous administration of cimetidine or metformin. The diabetic group had higher Fel values when compared to the control group (0.83 ± 0.25 × 0.48 ± 0.13, respectively). The Diabetic Group treated with insulin also had higher Fel (0.85 ± 0.10) and CLr when compared to the control group (0.55 ± 0.10 L/hr.kg × 0.25 ± 0.07 L/hr.kg). The differences found may be explained by glomerular hyperfiltration induced by diabetes and by insulin treatment, due to increased renal blood flow. We concluded that the active transport by OCT2 is not relevant for the GAB kinetic disposition. Glomerular hyperfiltration induced by EDM and by insulin administration suggest that glomerular filtration is the main process in the renal elimination of GAB.
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Mechanisms of alloxan diabetogenicity

Grankvist, Kjell January 1981 (has links)
Suspensions of pancreatic islet cells from ob/ob-mice were incubated with Trypan Blue. Microscope photometry showed that apparently viable cells excluded the dye completely, whereas the nuclei of non-viable cells accumulated Trypan Blue by a saturable process. Alloxan rapidly increased the permeability of the plasma membrane in mouse 3-cells; the exclusion of Trypan Blue is a valid and useful measure of islet cell viability following alloxan exposure. The diabetogenic action of alloxan may be mediated by hydroxyl radicals. In several biological systems hydroxyl radicals are formed by an iron-catalyzed reaction between superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. To test whether this applies to alloxan diabetogenicity, the effects of superoxide dismutase, catalase, scavengers of hydroxyl radicals, and metal ion chelators were tested (a) in a cell-free radical-generating system and (b) on islets and islet-cells exposed to alloxan In vitro. The effect of longtime-circulating superoxide dismutase injected prior to alloxan was tested on mice in vivo. Luminol chemiluminescence was used to monitor alloxan-dependent radical production. Accumulation of 8^Rb+ and exclusion of Trypan Blue were used as cell viability criteria in isolated mouse islets and islet-cells. Blood glucose was determined to monitor the development of diabetes in living animals. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, scavengers of hydroxyl radicals, and metal ion chelators inhibited the alloxan-dependent chemiluminescence and decreased the toxic effects on Rb+ accumulation or Trypan Blue exclusion in islets and islet-cells. Superoxide dismutase, linked to polyethylene glycol and injected 12 hours before alloxan, largely prevented the development of alloxan diabetes. Alloxan toxicity _in vitro and in vivo seems to depend on the formation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide which in turn form the noxious hydroxyl radical via an iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction. As free radicals and hydrogen peroxide can be formed by other chemicals and during inflammation, and inflammation may accompany the outbreak of human diabetes, studies on the beneficiary effects of superoxide dismutase and other scavengers of free radicals in other forms of diabetes seem warranted. / <p>S. 1-38: sammanfattning, s. 39-74: Härtill 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu
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Role of protein-tyrosine phospatases in insulin and glucagon secretion in pancreatic islets of healthy rats and spontaneously diabetic GK rats /

Chen, Jie, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

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